• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.746-756
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics and physiological activities of takju prepared with whole chestnut (15%, 30% and 50% with steamed rice) during fermentation. The pH level began to decrease after the secondary brewing stage. The total acid as well as the organic acid content increased during fermentation. Lactic acid and succinic acid were the main organic acids in takju fermented with whole chestnut. The level of total sugar and reducing sugars in takju fermented with whole chestnut increased at the first brewing stage and then slowly decreased after 4 days of fermentation. Also, the total number of viable cells and microbial populations such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the treatments increased to about 108 CFU/mL after 1 days of fermentation and then decreased gradually afterward. The ethanol content in takju fermented with whole chestnut rapidly increased during the initial 4 days of fermentation, to a maximum content of 18.2% after 8 days. The colour values of the treatments did not show any significant differences between 0% and 15% chestnut content. However L value decreased, while the a and b values increased when the whole chestnut content above 30%. The total polyphenol level, electron donating ability, nitrite-scavenging ability and ferrous ion effect also increased as the ratio of whole chestnut increased. Sensory scores of takju fermented with 15% chestnut were greater than those of takju prepared by other treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1988

In order to investigate the extending effects on urea-formaldehyde resin- or phenol- formal- dehyde resin- glued keruing plywood, hot pressing temperatures were controlled to 110, 140, 170 and $200^{\circ}C$. As the extender, wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder, the equivalently- extended with the above three powders, and diatomite powder were respectively mixed with 5, 10, 15 and 20% ratios to the resin liquid, and also with these the no- extended was allowed. Based on the measured bonding strength, the conclusions were drawn: 1. In the urea- formaldehyde resin, extending effects on the bonding strength were in the order of wheat flour, the equivalently- extended with the wheat flour, persimmon- and chestnut bark powder, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder. In the phenol- formaldehyde resin, the effects in the order of wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, diatomite powder, chestnut bark powder were resulted in. Specifically, superior bonding strength to the no-extended were given with the wheat flour and persimmon bark powder. 2. On the whole, the bonding strength decreased gradually, as the hot pressing temperature increased except for the diatomite powder extending.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2002

This study wa performed to investigate the effect of dired powder of chestnut and acorn on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity and antithrombotic effect in rats. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 199$\pm$17g were blocked into nine groups according to their body weight. Rats were raised with diets containing only flesh or flesh with inner skin of 5% and 10% dried nut powders for four weeks. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weight were no different among the experimental groups. The plasma and liver lipid levels of all the nut diet groups were lover than those of the control group. The nut diets showed hypolipidenic effect in the plasma and liver. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in all the nut diet groups. The plasma TBARS levels of the inner skin groups were significantly different from the control group dose-dependently. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly different among the experimental groups, and all the nut groups showed higher activity than the control group. There were significant differences in SOD activity between the chestnut and acorn groups and the chestnut groups showed higher erythrocyte SOD activity and the acorn groups showed higher liver SOD activity than the other groups. Whereas catalase and GSH-Px activities in the erythrocyte and liver of both nut groups showed a tendency to increase, they were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The bleeding time and whole blood clotting time tended to be extended by feeding both types of nut but they were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Production of TX $B_2$ and PG $F_{1{\alpha}}$ was no different among the experimental groups. These results suggest that chestnut and acorn diets have the effect of lowering plasma and liver lipid levels, inhibiting lipid peroxide formation and increasing antioxidative enzymes activity. Thus, it is plausible that chestnut and acorn could be recommended in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.420-427
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• 2008

To study the suitability of chestnut as a cask for ripening traditional liquors, the absorption property for pure water, liquor with 30% alcohol content and ethanol with 95% alcohol content were investigated for five species. Oriental oak had the greatest amount of liquid absorption while chestnut had the smallest amount. The absorption amount linearly increased with increasing soaking time. The absorption amounts for each section were greatest in RT plane, and the difference between LR plane and LT plane was very small for all soaking conditions. The anisotropy of absorption amount for five species was greatest in Japanese cedar and was smallest in white mulberry on the whole. And the change of absorption amounts according to soaking conditions tended to decrease in softwoods and increase in hardwoods, and the difference among wood species was not clear. From this result, it was found that chestnut with a small absorption amount, regarding of soaking behavior, was a good material as a cask for ripening traditional liquors, whereas small diameter oriental oak with a great absorption amount was not suitable in this purpose.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree) and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading), 35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesis capacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shading level increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significant difference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and control under chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) and SPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicum is judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leaf mold in forest farming.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.166-176
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• 2009

국내산 밤 18품종을 다양한 지역으로부터 수집하여 껍질을 제거한 후 전체과육, 흰과육 그리고 노란과육으로 나눈 후 일반성분, 식이섬유소, 아미노산 그리고 유리당 함량을 분석하였다. 국내산 밤 18품종 중 축파의 흰과육에 수분함량이 가장 높았고, 이평의 노란과육에 조단백질 함량이 가장 높았다. 전체과육의 탄수화물 함량은 $30.8{\sim}52.0%$의 범위였고, 전체과육의 조회분 함량은 $0.9{\sim}1.8%$의 범위를 보였다. 18품종 중 병고에서 조지방 함량이 가장 높았다. 식이 섬유소 함량은 광은, 대보, 박미 1호, 유마 그리고 평기에서 높았다. 모든 시료에서 aspartic acid와 leucine가 주요 아미노산이었다. 이취, 이평 그리고 평기에서 아미노산 함량이 높았고, 단택과 산대에서 낮았다. 밤의 주요 유리당은 glucose이었다. 노란과육에서 흰과육보다 유리당 함량이 높았다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2011

Roasted and retorted (RR) chestnuts develop green pigment spots on their surface during storage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the green pigment using RAW 264.7, MOLT-4, KATOIII and HT-29 cells. The pigment scraped from RR chestnuts (GP), whole RR chestnuts with green pigment spots (GC), whole RR chestnuts without green pigment (WC) and roasted and frozen stored chestnuts (FC) were extracted in 10% DMSO. MOLT-4 cells were less resistant to the cytotoxicity of the chestnut extracts than the RAW 264.7 cells. The GP extracts did not show different responses against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and LPS-induced NO production compared to the other extracts. The chestnut extracts did not have proliferative activity on either of the KATOIII or HT-29 cells (p>0.05). Our results from the comparison of the green pigment produced on the surface of the RR chestnuts to chestnuts that do not develop the green pigment suggest that the pigment may not be harmful in terms of either cytotoxicity towards immune cells or proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1095-1100
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• 2008

국내산 밤 일부 품종(단택, 대보, 석추, 옥광, 병고)의 기능성 성분 분석과 이들 물질들의 항산화력 및 밤 추출물이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 국내산 밤 일부 품종의 내피와 과육에서 coumarin, gallic acid 그리고 catechin이 HPLC에 의해 검출되었다. 밤 내피에 가장 풍부한 기능성 성분은 catechin이고 그 다음 gallic acid와 coumarin 순이었으나, 과육에서는 gallic acid만 검출되었다. 따라서 밤의 기능성 성분인 gallic acid와 catechin의 항산화력을 DPPH radical 소거작용과 SOD 유사활성을 통해 알아보았다. Gallic acid과 catechin을 6.0 mg/100 g 처리하였을 때 DPPH radical 소거작용이 각각 69.4%와 38.3%였으며, gallic acid의 DPPH radical 소거작용은 농도 의존적이었다. Gallic acid를 동일한 농도의 catechin과 비교하면 모든 농도 구간에서 catechin보다 gallic acid가 높은 DPPH radical 소거활성을 나타내었다. 그러나 SOD 유사활성은 gallic acid보다 catechin이 높았다. 더하여 밤의 과육, 노란과육 및 흰과육 추출물들이 대식세포 활성에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 병고 흰과육 추출물은 현저하게 대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 병고, 단택, 대보 및 옥광의 노란과육 추출물 역시 아무 것도 처리하지 않은 세포와 비교하여 현저히 대식세포를 활성화시켰다. 노란과육 추출물이 흰과육 추출물보다 더욱 더 대식세포 활성을 증가시켰고, 5품종 중 병고가 대식세포 활성을 가장 증가시켰다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제105권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2016

본 연구는 수요가 증가되고 있는 산채인 갯기름나물을 대상으로 임간재배지 내 차광과 부엽토가 갯기름나물의 생장 및 광합성 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 보다 고품질의 갯기름나물을 생산하는 것뿐만 아니라 생산량 증대 및 친환경 재배기술 개발에 이바지하고자 하였다. 실험은 전광 및 35%, 50%, 75% 차광으로 총 4차광처리와 부엽토처리(대조구, 침엽부엽토, 활엽부엽토)를 하였다. 초장, 줄기직경, 근원직경, 줄기수, 건중량은 전광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았으며, 엽면적, 엽장, 엽폭은 35% 차광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았다. 광합성, 기공전도도, 증산율, 수분이용효율은 전광 내 활엽부엽토에서 가장 높았다. 특히, 광합성률은 모든 차광에서 활엽부엽토가 높게 조사되었으며, 차광률이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 갯기름나물을 친환경적으로 재배하기 위해서는 임간재배에서 35% 차광(상대광도 51.1%) 후 활엽부엽토를 이용하는 것이 가장 좋은 생장을 보여 생산량 증대와 고품질 갯기름나물의 생산에 가장 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1970

경기도 파주지역의 밤나무숲은 밤나무혹벌(Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu)이 1965년 이래로 번성하여 막심한 피해를 받고 있으며 벌목되는 나무의 수가 증가 되어가는 실정이다. 저자는 밤나무혹벌의 생물학적 자연구제의 대책을 연구코저 파주군의 법원리, 마장리, 분수리의 3개처와 양주군의 보광사, 벽제리, 2개처에 대하여 밤나무숲의 곤충상을 조사하였다. 전 지역에 대하여 5목 35종의 곤충을 채집하였으며 법원리에서는 해충의 번성이 심하였으나 분수리에서는 작년가지에 많은 밤나무혹벌의 혹이 금년가지에서는 볼수 없어 하나의 회복증상을 발견하고 그 이유로서 법원리는 숲이 고립되어 있으나 분수리는 상수리나무숲으로 잘 둘러싸여 있다는 사실을 지적, 삼림조성에 있어서의 혼합림조성 방식을 제창하였다.