• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Objectives : This study aimed to establish cosmeceutical activities of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Methods : Folium Perillae, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the cosmeceutical activity measurement of function experiment. Results : Both water and ethanol extracts of Perilla frutescens var. acuta showed relatively high electron donating ability of more than 70% at over 500ppm. Also, SOD like activity increased in a dose dependent matter of more than 80% at 5,000ppm, while tyrosinase showed insufficient inhibitory rate. Xanthine oxidase showed a meaningful inhibitory effect of 72.4% in water extract and 55.3% at 1,000ppm in ethanol extract. The addition of $Fe^{2+}ion\;and\;Cu^{2+}ion$ showed relatively high oxidizing inhibitory effect of 57% and 41%, respectively, at 500ppm in water extract and, when $Fe^{2+}$ ion was added in ethanol extract, the effect of 64% at 1,000ppm was achieved. Also, higher oxidizing inhibitory effect was shown against $Fe^{2+}$ rather than $Cu^{2+}$ in both water and ethanol extracts. For human cancer cells, relatively high growth inhibition ability was shown against melanoma G361 in both water and ethanol extracts. Conclusion : From the above results, it was confirmed that Perilla frutescens var. acuta could be used in functional cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1338-1345
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• 2012

This study investigated the antioxidant activities, whitening effects, and antimicrobial activities of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract. Total polyphenolic contents of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract were 116.44~382.73 mg/g GAE (gallic acid equivalent), with the highest value in the ethyl acetate fraction. Fractions of Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin showed the highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$=0.04 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (98.86% at 0.5 mg/mL), which was similar to ascorbic acid. Further, reducing power and FRAP activity were significantly high in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significantly high SOD-like activities (1 mg/mL, 86.93%, and 78.23%, respectively) compared to other fractions. Tyrosinase inhibition activities of the n-butanol fraction and 80% ethanol extract were 43.52% and 41.64%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli was only observed in the chloroform fraction (16.7 mm in 0.5 mg/disc). These results suggest that fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract show comparatively high antioxidant activity and thus could be used as a food additive or cosmeceutical ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 2012

Various unripe peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) seeds, which were picked on late May, were subjected to 80% methanol extracts to investigate the antioxidant activities, whitening effects, and anti-wrinkle activities. The yield of 6 cultivars (Takinosawa Gold, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Madoka, Yumefuji, Nagasawa Hakuho, and Hong Bak) from unripe peaches were the highest on Yumefuji, followed by Madoka, Kawanakawase Hakuto, Takinosawa Gold, Hong Bak, and Nagasawa Hakuho (6.16%, 6.08%, 5.65%, 5.25%, 5.23%, and 5.20%). The content of the total polyphenol of seed extracts ranged from 18.33 to 27.08 mg/g. The antioxidant in vitro assays including the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest with Hong Bak and Kawanakawase Hakuto. The tyrosinase inhibition activity greatly affected the Takinosawa Gold and Kawanakawase Hakuto. Compared to the elastase inhibition activity of 6 cultivars, Madoka was higher than others, while the lowest was Hong Bak. The significant correlation coefficient values were determined (more than p=0.05) between the yield, total polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibition, and elastase inhibition activities. The results suggested that the total polyphenol content has a high positive value on the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity. Also, the tyrosinase inhibition activity and elastase inhibition activity showed a significant correlation (r=+0.594). The ABTS inhibition activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity that is the most suitable character represented significant positive correlation (r=+0.846). This data suggested that the methanol extracts from these unripe peaches could be potential candidates for natural cosmetics.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2018

Background: Ginsenoside F1 has been described to possess skin-whitening effects on humans. We aimed to synthesize a new ginsenoside derivative from F1 and investigate its cytotoxicity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells using recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme. Glycosylation has the advantage of synthesizing rare chemical compounds from common compounds with great ease. Methods: UDP-glycosyltransferase (BSGT1) gene from Bacillus subtilis was selected for cloning. The recombinant glycosyltransferase enzyme was purified, characterized, and utilized to enzymatically transform F1 into its derivative. The new product was characterized by NMR techniques and evaluated by MTT, melanin count, and tyrosinase inhibition assay. Results: The new derivative was identified as (20S)-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},12{\beta}$,20-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-20-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside(ginsenoside Ia), which possesses an additional glucose linked into the C-3 position of substrate F1. Ia had been previously reported; however, no in vitro biological activity was further examined. This study focused on the mass production of arduous ginsenoside Ia from accessible F1 and its inhibitory effect of melanogenesis in B16BL6 cells. Ia showed greater inhibition of melanin and tyrosinase at $100{\mu}mol/L$ than F1 and arbutin. These results suggested that Ia decreased cellular melanin synthesis in B16BL6 cells through downregulation of tyrosinase activity. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the mass production of rare ginsenoside Ia from F1 using recombinant UDP-glycosyltransferase isolated from B. subtillis and its superior melanogenesis inhibitory activity in B16BL6 cells as compared to its precursor. In brief, ginsenoside Ia can be applied for further study in cosmetics.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2013

Pyracantha is a genus of thorny evergreen large shrubs in the family of Rosaceae, with common names Firethorn or Pyracantha. It's extract has also been used in cosmetics as a skin-whitening agent and functioning through tyrosinase inhibition. Recent studies have shown that pyracantha extract possesses antioxidant activities and may significantly improve lipoprotein metabolism in rats. Although the mode of action of Pyracantha extract is not fully understood, a strong relationship was observed between antioxidant and apoptosis in some types of cells. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of pyracantha extract on blastocysts formation and their quality of the porcine parthenogenetic embryos. After parthenogenetic activation by chemicals, presumptive porcine parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in PZM-3 medium supplemented with extracts of pyracantha leaf, stalk and root for 6 day (1, 5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$, respectively). In our results, the frequency of blastocyst formation in pyracantha root extract ($5{\mu}g/ml$) treated group had increased that of other groups. Furthermore, blastocysts derived from pyracantha root extract ($5{\mu}g/ml$) treated group had increased the total cell numbers and reduced apoptotic index. Blastocyst development was significantly improved in the pyracantha root extract ($5{\mu}g/ml$) treated group when compared with the $H_2O_2$ treated group (p<0.05). Subsequent evaluation of the intracellular levels of ROS in pyracantha root extract ($5{\mu}g/ml$) treated groups under $H_2O_2$ induced oxidative stress were decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment of pyracantha root extract may improve in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos through its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2014

In order to develop a skin-whitening agent, melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase activity were determined by western blotting. Ethyl acetate fractions of 80% ethanol extracts from lily (Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Siberia') bulbs (R-EA) inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-treated B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. Intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin contents were suppressed by 45% and 74%, respectively, in response to treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of R-EA. Examination of protein expression associated with ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis showed that tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 was inhibited more strongly than tyrosinase, and these results were correlated with stronger inhibition of melanin synthesis than intracellular tyrosinase activity. Taken together, R-EA containing p-coumaric acid and resveratrol could be used as a hypopigmentation agent through suppression of sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation via melanogenic induction.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2005

Objectives : This is the study of the application as the ingredients of cosmetics through the examination of the function for physiological activity of Forsythia koreana Nakai. Methods : Forsythia koreana Nakai, which had been extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water and ethanol, have been used for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect, nitric oxide inhibition have been investigated in the physiological activity measurement of function experiment. Results : According to the physiological activity measurement of function experiment, it had been found that the electron donating ability, at over 100ppm of water extract and ethanol extract showed relatively high donating ability by more than 80%, and as a result of measuring. In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, 500ppm of water extract showed an effect of 18% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 31.5%. In the tyrosinase inhibition test, 5000ppm of water extract showed an effect of 60% and ethanol extract showed an effect of 85%. In the anti-inflammatory test, the water extract and ethanol extract inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. Conclusions : The results indicated that extract of Forsythia koreana Nakai can be used as a natural ingredients with biological function in cosmetics ingredients.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2008

We investigated several biological activities using the ethanol extract and its fractions from Pimpinella komarovii leaves to evaluate the usefulness of its extract as a functional biomaterial. The ethanol extract showed antioxidant activities, such as DPPH scavenging activity $(IC_{50}=231.8{\mu}g/m{\ell})$. superoxide scavenging activity $(IC_{50}=23.6{\mu}g/m{\ell})$, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity $(IC_{50}=587.8{\mu}g/m{\ell})$. Its EtOAc fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activities among several fractions. The inhibitory effect of ethanol extract on tyrosinase activity was higher than water fraction. When $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of EtOAc fraction was applied, the inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity was much higher (42%) than that of melasolv. The EtOAc fraction also showed higher inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in Melan-a cells. The n-hexane and EtOAc fractions dose-dependently inhibited the NO production in a RAW 264.7 cells. These results suggest that extract of Pimpinella komarovii could be used as functional biomaterial in developing a skin whitening agent having the antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

Stilbenes are known as antioxidants and some of them demonstrate anti-pigmentation activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether two stilbene compounds produced by biotransformation of the extract of $Morus$ $alba$ root show skin irritation and sensitization. In skin irritation test, 1% oxyresveratrol (OXY), and 5% OXY, and 1% oxyresveratrol-3-$O$-glucoside (OXY-3) showed a P.I.I score of 0, 0.04, and 0, respectively. Accordingly, the two stilbenes were evaluated to be virtually 'non-irritant' materials. In a skin sensitization study by GPMT, 1% OXY, 5% OXY, and 1% OXY-3 did not cause edema and erythema at 24 h and 48 h after topical application and exhibited a sensitization score of 0 and a rate of 0%. Consequently, it was confirmed that OXY and OXY-3 had no contact allergic sensitization in GPMT. Therefore, OXY and OXY-3 might be potential candidates as skin-whitening agents without posing any serious side effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.544-549
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• 2017

The spent coffee grounds (SCG) are considered valuable by-products because they contain various bioactive compounds. The SCG extraction (SCGE) was irradiated at doses ranging between 30 and 50 kGy. The deep dark-brown color of SCGE was changed to a bright yellow color by gamma irradiation. The content of the bioactive compounds of gamma-irradiated SCGE was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interestingly, the content of quinic acid was increased by gamma irradiation, whereas other compounds were decreased. Although the contents of bioactive compounds were changed by gamma irradiation, the biological activities (radical scavenging activity and whitening effects) of SCGE were unaffected. Our findings suggest that gamma irradiation can effectively improve the color values of SCGE without the loss of biological activities. Consequently, gamma irradiation can be a useful tool for improving the utilization of SCGE in the cosmetic industry.