• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.122-127
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• 1983

Germination and seedling emergence of 40 barley cultivars and lines having been bred in Korea were studied under different water and salt stress conditions containing different sucrose and KC1 concentration in laboratory at Suweon. This study revealed that the barley cultivars and lines differed markedly in their emergence rate index(ERI), total stand(TS), coleoptile length, seedling height, top and root weight. Those characters of the most cultivars were progressively reduced as water and salt stress increased. Jogangbori, Dongbori 1, SB 77460 and SB 77415 were less sensitive to both stress and will be useful for breeding sources. ERI was highly correlated with TS, coleoptile length and seedling height. ERI and TS between two different solutions were correlated each other, and this study indicated that for screening the varieties or lines tolerant to water and salt stress, both ways were available and should be screened genetic materials with a good germination and emergence rate in I stress conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.273-273
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• 2022

The increasing number of Westernized eating patterns based on wheat flour in Korea has led to an increase in the rate of diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which has become a social problem. Wheat consumption is increasing due to changes in eating habits, but domestic wheat has low price competitiveness and has stagnated recently, so it is necessary to secure new resources to differentiate from imported wheat. Resistant starch, a newly created resource in domestic wheat, can act as a prebiotic similar to dietary fiber in the body, inducing microbial changes in the gut and having beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Wheat research on resistant starch was carried out based on the breeding of high amylose. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was used to perform SNP identification and expression analysis related to wheat amylose through phenotype and genotype. 561 wheat core collection gene sources were investigated for amylose content in wheat, and related genes were extracted and analyzed. In the GWAS analysis, the model formulas BLIMK, FarmCPU, GLM, MLM, and MLMM were used to derive results such as QQ plots and Manhattan plots through phenotypic data. Among these models, BLAST was conducted to find the association between the SNPs identified using FarmCPU and genes related to starch, and 15 were found. Using the identified markers, it becomes easier to develop and browse related wheat cultivars according to their amylose content.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.293-297
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• 2019

Leaf rust is the most widespread and destructive fungal disease, and outbreaks have always caused considerable losses in wheat yields. Thus, worldwide increases in wheat production depend on the development of leaf rust-resistant wheat varieties. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of forty Korean wheat cultivars to leaf rust at the seedling stage. Only two Korean wheats, Ol and Jonong, were resistant to leaf rust, whereas the remaining thirty-eight Korean wheats were susceptible to leaf rust. The Ol and Jonong varieties presented larger dry seed weights and higher antioxidant activity in response to leaf rust than the susceptible wheat varieties. No differences in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase activity or chlorophyll content between resistant and susceptible wheat varieties were observed. Overall, these results are important for the development of wheat varieties that are highly resistant to leaf rust and to understand the underlying mechanisms that confer leaf rust resistance.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop a easy seedling method to test large amounts of barley and wheat cultivars for resistance of powdery mildew. In addition, we also examined the resistance of genetic resources that have been used in barley and wheat breeding programs in Korea. This seedling test used paper bag with seeds can be completed within three weeks. to-day seedlings were available to inoculation and 8 days was needed for result reading. This method can test at least 180 collections at one time. we can identify the two resistant types by leave symptoms showed non infection and necrotic spots. Among the 79 Korean barley cultivars, only two cultivar, 'Sangrokbori' and 'Dajinbori' were resistant and 'Jejubori' showed moderate resistant. There was no resistant in hulless barley and wheat cultivars. It was same results in comparison of earlier resistant reports in field test. We confirm that this method could using in test of powdery mildew resistance in barley and wheat. Among the 1,401 genetic resources using in Korean breeding program, malting barley has more resistant collections comparing to 796 hulled and hulless barley and 273 wheat germplasms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Wheat blast occurred in Bangladesh for the first time in Asia in 2016. It is caused by a fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. In this review, we focused on the current status of the wheat blast in regard to host, pathogen, and environment. Despite the many efforts to control the disease, it expanded to neighboring regions including India, the world's second largest wheat producer. However, the disease occurrence has definitely decreased in quantity, because of many farmers chose to grow alternate crops according to the government's directions. Bangladesh government planned to introduce blast resistant cultivars but knowledges about genetics of resistance is limited. The genome analyses of the pathogen population revealed that the isolates caused wheat blast in Bangladesh are genetically close to a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae. Understanding the genomes of virulent strains would be important to find target resistance genes for wheat breeding. Although the drier winter weather in Bangladesh was not favorable for development of wheat blast before, recent global warming and climate change are posing an increasing risk of disease development. Bangladesh outbreak in 2016 was likely to be facilitated by an extraordinary warm and humid weather in the affected districts before the harvest season. Coordinated international collaboration and steady financial supports are needed to mitigate the fearsome wheat blast in South Asia before it becomes a catastrophe.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2017

Production of spring wheat, the major crop in Mongolia, accounts for 98% of the cultivated area. Understanding genetic variability in existing gene bank accessions is critical for collection, conservation and use of wheat germplasms. To determine genetic diversity and population structure among a representative collection of Mongolian local wheat cultivars and lines, 200 wheat accessions were analyzed with 15 SSR markers distributed throughout the wheat genome. A total of 85 alleles were detected, with three to five alleles per locus and a mean genetic richness of 5.66. Average genetic diversity index was 0.69, with values ranging from 0.37-0.80. The 200 Mongolian wheat accessions were mainly divided into two subgroups based on structure and phylogenetic analyses, and some phenotypes were divergent by the subgroups. Results from this study will provide valuable information for conservation and sustainable use of Mongolian wheat genetic resources.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2020

Phenotyping is a major issue for wheat agriculture to meet the challenges of adaptation of wheat varieties to climate change and chemical input reduction in crop. The need to improve the reuse of observations and experimental data has led to the creation of reference ontologies to standardize descriptions of phenotypes and to facilitate their comparison. The scientific literature is largely under-exploited, although extremely rich in phenotype descriptions associated with cultivars and genetic information. In this paper we propose the Wheat Trait Ontology (WTO) that is suitable for the extraction and management of scientific information from scientific papers, and its combination with data from genomic and experimental databases. We describe the principles of WTO construction and show examples of WTO use for the extraction and management of phenotype descriptions obtained from scientific documents.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to identify the major parameters controlling DNA delivery by particle bombardment to immature embryos of Chinese spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Efficiency of DNA (uidA gene) delivery was assessed by transient GUS (${\beta}$-glucuronidase) expression in bombarded tissues. Of the parameters analyzed, acceleration pressure, bombardment distance, chamber vacuum pressure, bombardment times, osmotic conditioning of culture had a remarkable influence on transient gene expression. A bombardment procedure suitable for Chinese spring wheat cultivars was developed which allowed high-efficiency DNA delivery combined with reduced damage to target tissues. The high efficiency made the system practical for wheat genetic transformation research and accelerating wheat breeding programs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2016

Recently, an interest has developed in the use of whole green grains as functional food materials. The present study was conducted to provide the baseline data for the stable production of whole green grains in 20 cultivars of wheat by investigating the greenness of grain with maturation (from $20^{th}$ to $41^{st}$ day after heading, at an interval of 3 days). On the $20^{th}$ day after heading, the grains were dark green with a wrinkled long-oval shape. After the $35^{th}$ day of heading, the grains turned almost yellow with an oval shape. Their redness ('a' value of chromaticity) increased from the $20^{th}$ to $41^{st}$ days after heading, indicating a negative value up to the $32^{nd}$ day after heading. A significant decrease in their chlorophyll content was observed with maturation. The yield of whole green wheat grain (including greenish yellow grain) was the highest from the $32^{nd}$ to $35^{th}$ after heading. Therefore, we concluded that the optimal harvesting period for whole green wheat grain was from the $32^{nd}$ to $35^{th}$ day after heading. The heading time of various cultivars ranged from April 28 to May 5, the time of Jopummil cultivar grew the fastest among them, such as Gurumil, Alchanmil, but Dahongmil got the latest in heading time. The greenness of seven cultivars (Jeokjungmil, Keumkangmil, Jogyeongmil, Jopummil, Baekjungmil, Yeonbaekmil, and Milseongmil) was relatively higher than that of the others. The yield of greenish whole grain was relatively high in six cultivars (Alchanmil, Baekjungmil, Eunpamil, Yeonbaekmil, Dahongmil, and Urimil). Based on their greenness and yield, the Baekjungmil and Yeonbaekmil cultivars have been considered to be optimal for the production of whole green wheat grain.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.