• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.89-103
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to provide sources of nutrition education for female adolescents by identifying eating disorder patterns and their relationships with self-body image, weight control, and eating behavior. A total of 329 female middle school students were recruited and completed a general characteristics survey, the Eating Attitudes Test(EAT-26), a perception of self-body image survey, a concern for weight control survey, an eating behavior survey, and the Mini Dietary Assessment Index(MDA). Eating disorder patterns were identified to be obesity stress and weight control(OW), risk of binge eating(RB), and dietary restraint(DR) by factor analysis. OW pattern was related with stout body shape, body dissatisfaction, experience of weight control, skipping of dinner, and low MDA score. RB pattern was associated with lean body shape, body satisfaction, indiscreet snack behavior, and the eating time of snacks. The DR pattern was associated with normal body shape, regular meal times, desirable snack behavior, and high MDA scores. The results indicated that the eating patterns of adolescent were not identical to existing diagnostic categories. Furthermore, each eating pattern displayed different characteristics of perception on self-body image, concern for weight control, and eating behavior. In conclusion, nutrition education for female middle school students could reflect the different characteristics of each eating disorder pattern.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.92-104
• /
• 2005

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide, associated with excess acute and chronic disease risk. In most countries, obesity rates among women exceed rates in men, particularly during the post menopausal years. Many factors affect body weight and appetite, including age, metabolic rate, physical activity level, stress, cultural factors, socioeconomic status, health status and health literacy, diet composition, attitudes, and beliefs. Gender affects appetite and body weight indirectly by altering factors contributing to food choice. However, there is emerging evidence that gender affects appetite and body weight directly, altering the physiological control systems regulating appetite. The follicular menstrual cycle phase (estrogen-rich) is associated with relative suppression of appetite. Lower estrogen levels are associated with increased food intake, body weight gain, and altered body fat distribution in humans and animals. This paper reviews the linkages between estrogen and appetite regulation. While relationships among appetite, body weight, and gender-linked hormones are complex, research elucidating these interrelationships could lead to development of gender-specific treatment approaches for obesity and appetite dysregulation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2009

This study was performed in order to compare the differences in dietary self-efficacy and eating behaviors as well as the relationship of weight control attitudes according to eating disorder perception and obesity index for high school girls majoring in dance. Almost half (45.5%) of the subjects perceived eating disorders, and the rate of underweight group was 45.7%. Forty-four percent of the group that perceived eating disorders were in modern dance, while 55.0% of the group that did not perceived eating disorders were in Korean dance (p < 0.05). For the obesity index, a similar rate was shown between the different types of dance for the underweight group, but in the normal group, 54.5% were in Korean dance (p < 0.05). Most (82.0%) of the group that perceived eating disorders had fears on obesity, while only 53.3% of the non-perceiving group had fears on obesity (p < 0.01). Over half (58.3%) of the underweight group had fears on obesity, while 77.2% of the normal group showed fear in that (p < 0.05). For necessity of weight loss to do dance performances, 25.0% of the underweight group and 57.9% of the normal group need that (p < 0.05). Most of the group that perceived eating disorders (92.0%) answered that they had experience in very low calorie diets, while only 40.0% of the non-perceiving group had experience (p < 0.001). For necessity of calorie education, 42.0% of the group that perceived eating disorders and only 20.0% of the non-perceiving group answered is needed (p < 0.05). For eating behavior, the group that perceived eating disorders had lower total scores compared to the non-perceiving group (p < 0.001), The group that perceived eating disorders showed lower scores for restraint eating (p < 0.01) and emotional factors (p < 0.001) except by external eating. This study showed that high school girls majoring in dance have high interest in weight control and problems with wrongful body images and eating behaviors, as well as need for calorie education were suggested. Thus, it is necessary to develop and execute a proper weight control education program for the subjects. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 383${\sim}$391, 2009)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.501-510
• /
• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, eating-related characteristics of dancing major and non-major female university students. The survey was conducted from October 1 to November 10, 2003 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 25.5% of the underweight group, 53.6% of the normal weight group, 12.5% of the overweight group and 66.7% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Eighty-one point three percent of the dancing majors and 77.2% of the non-majors were concerned about weight control, and 71.3% of the dancing majors and 64.5% of the non-majors had weight control experiences. There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores between dancing majors and non-majors. There were no significant differences in ‘predisposition to obesity scores’ between dancing majors and non-majors, and the scores were low. ‘Predisposition to anorexia’ scores and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ scores were significantly higher in the dancing majors compared to the non-majors. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the dancing majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the non-majors. Dietary attitude was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge but was negatively correlated with ‘uncont-rollable urges to eat’. In the dancing majors, ‘predisposition to obesity’ showed significantly positive correlation with obesity rate and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’ and was negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude. In the non-majors, obesity rate showed positive correlation with ‘predisposition to obesity’ and ‘uncontrollable urges to eat’. Therefore proper nutritional education program and recommended dietary allowances are required for dancing majors to improve their nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify conceptual constructs of well-being consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to examine the effects of these two variables on attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics for Korean and Japanese consumers. A survey was carried out among female consumers between the ages of 20 and 50, and a total of 500 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability test, t-test, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and multi group analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The result of CFA and the reliability test on well-being consciousness and appearance management of Korean and Japanese respondents clearly showed factorial structures on each of the variant assessments. 2) In regards to the well-being consciousness, Korean and Japanese respondents highly tended to perceive well-being as a benefit to the physical health and an eco-friendly lifestyle respectively. In the area of appearance management, Korean and Japanese respondents had similar patterns that showed high scores of skin care and weight control. Both Korean and Japanese consumers showed favorable attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetic products. 3) The consumers' well-being consciousness revealed to have positive influences on appearance management behavior. Both well-being consciousness and appearance management positively influenced attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics. 4) As a result of MGA, the well-being consciousness had more positive impacts on Korean respondents' attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics than the appearance management variable when compared to the Japanese respondents. On the other hand, appearance management had more positive impacts on Japanese respondents' attitudes to-ward Korean herbal cosmetics than well-being consciousness when compared to the Korean respondents. These results suggest that differentiated marketing strategies for Korean herbal cosmetics are crucial when targeting Korean and Japanese consumers.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.115-126
• /
• 2005

This Quantitative study was investigated to examine the relationship between self-esteem on body image and disordered eating patterns in some university students. This study used a cross-sectional study design. Total 347 students participated in this study (88 male and 259 female) among three universities. The assessment of eating disorder was conducted by Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), a score of >or=20 identified individuals likely have an eating disorder, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Ideal body weight and current body weight were completed with self-evaluation. A distorted body image was independently related to the eating problem in the Logistic regression analysis. There were stronger relationships between their EAT-26 scores and their expected weight changes and weight control behaviors. Compared with the men, women showed highly wishful to loss for current body weight. In the relationship between score of EAT-26 and BMI distance by sex, levels of eating disorder showed linearly elevated toward increased BMI distance (Ideal BMI-Current BMI) (F-value=18.794, p<0.0001) in women, but there were not significant in men (F-value=2.028, p>0.05). In estimate on state-trait anxiety inventory according to quartile of BMI distance by sex, levels of state-trait anxiety were not significant difference by degree of body dissatisfaction in all sex. In addition, higher distorted body image was significantly increased numbers of weight control method and experience of side effects in female, but there were not showed significant relation between two variables in male.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.629-637
• /
• 2002

This study sought to determine family restaurant patrons' attitudes toward nutrition and healthy menus. A written questionnaire was handed out to 300 dine-in customers at the three different sites of T brand family restaurant. A total of 265 questionnaires were usable for data analysis, resulting in 88% response rate. Two attitude statements eliciting the strongest agreement were that 'Diet and chronic diseases risk are closely connected each other(4.44)' and 'Koreans are more nutrition & health conscious than they were in the past(4.41)'. The attitude statement-that nutrition is important when I eat out- received the lowest scores(2.92), which indicated that nutrition was not yet considered the most important factor when dining out. 23% of the respondents were interested in healthful foods, while 30% said they were unconcerned. Nutrition conscious group showed significantly (p<.000) higher attitude scores for most of statements than unconcerned group. Significant differences were found in age groups(p<.05, p<.01, p<.001), income levels(p<.05), educational levels(p<.05), health status groups(p<.05), and weight control interest groups(p<.05). Older respondents, respondents with higher income and educational levels were more interested in nutrition and healthy menus. Respondents who reported good health status and showed higher interest in weight control were more interested in nutrition and healthy menus. These findings indicate that restaurant firms should respond to consumers' increased interest in nutrition and healthy menus by offering healthful menus and increasing nutrition marketing activities. This may positively result in increasing customer counts and revenue as well as customer satisfaction level and brand image of restaurant firms. Moreover, restaurant firms are strongly encouraged to play an active role in promoting public's nutritional and health status because increasing consumption of meals away from home will seriously affect good health of our consumers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy can effectively reduce weight and abdominal fat in obese patients. Methods: Forty obese participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Five participants dropped out voluntarily during the course of the study and four men were excluded from the analysis to avoid gender bias. Results are presented on a total of thirty-one women. Over an eight-week period, the treatment group (n=13) received gocho (苦椒) extract injections (100mcg/3cc) in the abdominal skin, twice per week; the control group (n=18) received normal saline injections (3cc). A mixed lidocaine and prilocaine cream (2.5%/2.5% EMLA cream) was applied before the injection. At baseline and 8 weeks, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal fat, energy expenditure, and questionnaires (eating attitudes and physical activity) were evaluated in both groups. Results: Reductions in body weight (p<0.005), BMI, and WC (p<0.05) were greater in the treatment group. WHR, total fat area, and visceral fat area decreased only in the treatment group (p<0.05). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was correlated with weight loss only in the control group (r=-0.498, p<0.05). Before and after the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in questionnaire variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: his study suggests that abdominal gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy might be an effective way to promote weight and abdominal fat loss in obese Korean women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There is little information on the association between weight misperception and eating behavior in Korean adolescents. Therefore, we investigated the association of food intake habits and dieting method and disturbed eating behavior (DEB) in relation to weight misperception. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was collected by using a nationwide online panel survey from 6,943 adolescents enrolled in middle/high school. DEB was measured with the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and those who scored ${\geq}20$ on the EAT-26 were considered to have eating disorder. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association between weight misperception based on self-reported weight status and dieting method and eating behaviors. RESULTS: The proportion of weight underestimation was 23.5% and that of overestimation was 24.0%. Weight overestimating girls were more likely to engage in various unhealthy dieting practices (OR = 1.69 for fasting; OR = 1.88 for laxative or diuretic use; OR = 2.05 for self-induced vomiting after meals; P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a strong association between overestimation and undesirable eating behaviors, especially among girls, e.g.: having breakfast (OR = 0.85), high consumption of fast foods (OR = 1.28) and regular sodas (OR = 1.39), but not among boys. In both genders, weight overestimation appears to be a major risk factor for DEB (OR = 1.34 for boys and OR = 1.41 for girls; P < 0.05). CONSLUSIONS: Weight overestimation is associated with unhealthy weight control practices and eating behaviors. We particularly found a significant association between weight overestimation and DEB among nationwide Korean adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of health and food related behavior of college students in Wonju area. Questionnaires were delivered personally to 430 students. The 37.9% of subjects were self-boarded and 27.4% lived in their home in Wonju area. They spend 230,000 won in average per month. Male students spent money more than female students and self-boarding students spent money more than other residental type students. The 90% of subjects thought they were healthy and the 25% of subjects exercised regularly. The subjects self-recognized their body as fat were more concerning about their weight control and had more weight control experience. SeIf-boarding students tended to skip their meals and had unbalanced diet. Students who lived in dormitory tended to skip meal less. Female students showed higher scores at balanced diet, snack intake, and left meal than male students. Self recognized their body as medium showed lower scores at overeating and eating irregularly. The amount of consumption of carbonated beverage was the highest among several instant foods. The frequencies of intake of those instant foods were different by gender, residental types, and eating behaviors.