• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2012

Runoff characteristics of pollutant loads of the lower Han River was studied before full implementation of Total Pollution Load Management System(TPLMS). Magnitude of macroscopic(annual) fluctuation was in the order of Namhan River > Han River > Bukhan River, gross weight TP > gross weight TN > gross weight BOD, gross weight deviation > concentration deviation. Flux variation was higher than that of concentration. Microscopic(weekly) fluctuation showed similar pattern to macroscopic scale. TP showed the highest deviation resulting in the lowest reliability. 60% of annual flux passed during summer 3months resulting in 43-46% pass of gross weight at the lower Han River. Strong correlation was found between flux and gross weight especially in gross weight TN. Gross weight pollution increased as high as 400% while passing Seoul area due to the concentration. The deviation from moving average increased during summer season in the gross weight TP and BOD. Seasonal tendency was confirmed especially in gross weight TN and TP using autocorrelation function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2000

This study was conducted in autumn and winter to investigate the wearing habit of the obese children in the cold. Eighty elementary school children were volunteered as the subjects. Forty of them were selected as the obesity group(OG) and the other forty children were selected as the normal body weight group(NG). Clothing weight and motor ability of the subjects were measured and correlation of the clothing weight between the children and their mothers were investigated. Clothing weight did not show significant difference between OG and NG in autumn but in winter. In winter, boys' lower clothing weight was less while girls' upper clothing weight was less in OG than in NG. Motor ability was better in NG than OG but no correlation was found between clothing weight and motor ability in both group except for upper clothing weight in NG. There was no correlation of total clothing weight between girls and their mothers but between boys and their mothers.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

Weight gain is defined as the increase in body weight, increasing the prevalence of obesity, and results in metabolic diseases. Weight gain was reportedly caused by the interaction between the obesogenic environmental factors and individual metabolic factors. Sociodemographic and environmental factors (demographic factors, lifestyle/behavioral factors, food/nutritional factors, socioeconomic factors), drug-related secondary causes (some of the corticosteroids, antihyperglycemics, antihypertensives, antidepressants, etc.), and metabolic factors (aging and hormonal changes, menopause and decreased sex hormones, decreased adipocyte degradation, decreased fibroblast growth factor 21, central sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, decreased sympathetic-adrenomedullary system activity) are significant factors related to weight gain. It is crucial to prevent weight gain and maintain an ideal weight, but studies on the risk factors of weight gain are insufficient. Therefore, this study evaluated the factors associated with weight gain to find strategies for preventing unnecessary weight gain.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2020

The Relative weight index is an index for evaluating nutritional condition of fish by calculating a ratio of observed weight to standard weight. The purpose of this study is estimating standard Length-Weight relationships (standard LWRs) to calculate standard weight for application of relative weight index and analyze frequency distribution of relative weight index of 10 freshwater fish in the South Korea. The standard LWRs for each species was calculated by the Length-Weight data sets from 798 times of captures at 141 sites. The correlation of determination (r²) for all species was over 0.9 and values of parameter b were within the expected range according to Froese (2006). We calculated in increments of 10 from 10 to 90 percentile of relative weight index for each species, and it could be used as a standard for quantitative assessment of nutritional condition of freshwater fish.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.62-73
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• 2016

Objectives: Dropout and weight regain are common problems in most obesity treatments. The purpose of this study was to review previously published study results of the predictive factors associated with dropout during weight loss treatment and weight loss maintenance after successful weight loss. Methods: Authors searched for the articles related to dropout and weight loss maintenance, published from 2007 to 2016 found on Pubmed, Scopus, RISS, and KISS. A total of 19 articles were finally selected. From the study results, unchangeable and changeable predictors were extracted, and these predictors were examined according to dropout and weight loss maintenance categories. Results: The unchangeable predictors of dropout were younger age, lower education level and female, whereas the changeable predictors of dropout were lower initial weight loss, symptoms of depression and body dissatisfaction. The strongest factor for predicting the dropout was initial weight loss. The unchangeable predictors of weight loss maintenance were old age, male and family history of obesity, whereas the changeable predictors of weight loss maintenance were regular exercise, dietary restraint, self-weighing and low depressive symptoms. Initial weight loss, depressive symptoms, body image, dietary restraint, physical activity, weight loss expectation and social support were considered to be dominant factors for weight loss treatments. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that unchangeable and changeable predictors of dropout and weight loss maintenance should be carefully examined during treatments of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.674-683
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity and weight control prevalence according to the gender and weight control attempt among middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The mean age of subjects were 14.4 years old. The mean height, weight and BMI value of boy students were 164.0 cm, 53.0 kg, and $19.7kg/m^2$, respectively, and the mean height, weight and BMI value of girl students were 159.4 cm, 49.8kg, and $19.6kg/m^2$, respectively. Both weight and BMI value of the weight loss attempt groups were significantly heavier and higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.01). In the perception on the body image, the girls perceived themselves to be more fat compared to boys, and the weight loss attempt group perceived their body image to be more fat compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). As for the interest degree of weight control, the interest degree of girls was higher than that of boys (p < 0.01). According to weight control attempt, in the order of the weight loss attempt group, the weight gain attempt group and the no weight control attempt group, the interest degree was significantly higher (p < 0.001). In the frequency and hours of exercise, there was significant difference by gender (p < 0.001). According to weight control attempt, the weight gain attempt group exercised more frequently than the other attempt groups (p < 0.01).

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2006

This study examined the weight control and food habits in 160 obese children and 191 normal-weight children in 4th, 5th and 6th graders of some elementary schools in Gumi city. Regarding the subjects' self-recognition of their body shape, 27.8% of the normal weight group and 92.5% of the obese group acknowledged themselves to be obese. 58.9% of the normal weight group and 61.0% of the obese group were not satisfied with their own body shape and the difference between two groups was very small, 23.6% of the normal weight group and 87.5% of the obese group have tried to reduce weight. The main causative factor of weight gain that children themselves recognized was a sedentary life style. All the students showed a high rate of irregular and unbalanced diet. The obese children showed a significantly higher rate of skipping meals and eating meals faster than the normal weight children. More obese children disliked exercise, and did less excercise than the normal weight children. There was a negative correlation between the obesity index and the food habit score. In other words, they frequently skip a meals, eat in a hurry and dislike vegetables and dairy products. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the student's BMI and the parents' BMI. Overall, many normal weight children showed a high level of self-consciousness of being obese or underweight. Both groups showed a low degree of satisfaction with their own body shape. Therefore education for the distorted perception of body shape is needed because, even normal weight children have tried to reduce their weight. Obese children should be encouraged to exercise, not skip a meals and eat slowly. They also need a systematic education program on weight reduction and weight maintenance. Moreover, education on a healthy diet, healthy food habits, and healthy body shape are necessary for elementary school children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2004

In this study, we investigate the effects of the weight function in the bounded influence regression quantile (BIRQ) estimator for the AR(1) model with additive outliers. In order to down-weight the outliers of X-axis, the Mallows' (1973) weight function has been commonly used in the BIRQ estimator. However, in our Monte Carlo study, the BIRQ estimator using the Tukey's bisquare weight function shows less MSE and bias than that of using the Mallows' weight function or Huber's weight function.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.967-977
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• 2009

There are three standard weight functions on a linear code viz. Hamming weight, Lee weight, and Euclidean weight. Euclidean weight function is useful in connection with the lattice constructions [2] where the minimum norm of vectors in the lattice is related to the minimum Euclidean weight of the code. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound over the number of parity check digits for Euclidean weight codes detecting and correcting burst errors.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the visual and spatial elements of the gait of a stroke patient who had diverse ankle weight loads applied, according to weight changes. Methods: The subject was a 57-year-old stroke patient diagnosed and hospitalized with a left intracerebral hemorrhage. A weight equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight was applied to the area 5cm upward from the ankle using a Velcro strap. He was then trained on a treadmill, receiving a six-minute walk test to evaluate his gait ability. A gait analyzer was used to collect visual and spatial elements, such as gait distance, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase, according to a weight load equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight. Results: According to the results of applying 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight on the ankle, except for gait velocity, his gait distance, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase were higher when 1% of his body weight was applied compared to 0% or 2% of his body weight. Conclusion: Applying a weight equivalent to 1% of the body weight to the ankle positively affected the visual and spatial element of the gait and heightened the efficiency of exercise during treadmill training, a gait-training tool generally used for stroke patients. However, the result is difficult to generalize because the number of subjects was small with only one subject.