• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2019

This study evaluated the ecological value of waterside parks by investigating the animal distribution and ecological feature in 92 waterside parks and analyzed the change of ecological awareness by users and non-users of waterside parks through ecological education and promotion based on the investigation results. The result confirmed inhabitation of various animals including 9 endangered species (Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis, Accipiter soloensis, Falco subbuteo, Charadrius placidus, Felis bengalensis euptilura, Lutra lutra, Kaloula borealis, Polyphylla laticollis manchurica, and Leptalina unicolor) in waterside parks. Although waterside parks were constructed to be hydrophilic areas for human use, some of them with high natural characteristics are valued as biological habitat. We investigated user status in 5 areas (Daejeon, Sejong, Cheongju, Kongju, and Buyeo) located at Guem river basin to evaluate people's perception of waterside parks and carried out the ecological education and promotion based on the investigation result. The survey of 200 people showed that there were more users of waterside parks than non-users and that people in their 40's showed the highest use rate. The use frequency of waterside parks located in Daejeon and Cheongju was lower than in other areas (Sejong, Kongju, and Buyeo). We considered it was because Daejeon and Cheongju were urban areas and had relatively more leisure areas such as sports facilities and cafe than other areas, and thus the residents had a lower reliance on waterside parks. Moreover, users used waterside parks more frequently when they were nearer to users' residence. It is because most users perceived waterside parks as the leisure sports facility and thus preferred them to be within walking distance. The users' perception of waterside parks as the ecological space "to be preserved" increased after the ecological education and promotion. The change of the perception was higher among users (80%) than non-users (38%). Therefore, ecological education and promotion were potentially more effective to people who user waterside parks and thus had a higher understanding of the characteristics and specification. In conclusion, 1) although waterside parks were constructed for human use, some parts had high ecological value for the distribution of endangered species and outstanding natural beauty, and 2) it is necessary to change the perception of waterside parks from the hydrophilic attribute to the conservation attribute. Such change of perception would contribute to establishing waterside parks that feature both hydrophilic and conservation attributes in the management or upgrading plan of waterside parks in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-264
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• 1999

In this study, I investigate how city parks have been created, and what are some characteristics of the location and function of 69 city parks in Tokyo. The city parks in Tokyo have been made in three patterns. The first is planned parks which have been created as a urban facilities considering the scales and types. The second is memorial parks which have been made to memorialize the national monumental event or to preserve natural and cultural resources. The third is public property parks which have been made by occurrence of public vacant land which is resulted from the grant of Royal Garden, restoration of public rented ground, producton of reclaimed land, utilization of dry river bed. The city parks can be classified in five patterns according to distance from CBD and park area. The first is central parks which have historical characteristics strongly. The second is planned parks that are specialized functionally. The third is large scale urban edge parks which are located in the edge of 23-Gu(district) in Tokyo. The fourth is hill parks which have natural characteristics strongly. The fifth is waterside parks that are located along a lake, a pond, a river, or artificial waterside facilities. From this study I have found out that a great effort has been made to activate the utilization of parks for residents in Tokyo, through mnagement goals and ways of parks, composition and chatacteristics of park facility resources, various Events, residents participation in undertaking of parks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated the physical form of planting foundation of the parks and green spaces in the waterside of Korea and classified them into groups showing common features. It was clssified into 7 kinds of parks and green spaces of 27 waterside parks in Korea including landscape, ecology, art, shields, site boundaries, windbreaks, and soundproofing. As a result, the study was carried out on the detailed type and size estimation through the sampling survey of planting foundation of landscape and ecological type mounding which can be statistically analyzed. Landscape and ecological mounding have the characteristics of securing the ecological stability of the waterside planting areas and the diversity of planting landscape. It is possible to create a green landscape through various terrain changes such as enclosing, focusing, and panoramic view. The physical characteristics of ecological and landscape type mounding can be expressed as height, width, and length And physical data can appear in various forms and sizes depending on the purpose and function of the buffer effect of the land use in the waterside planting areas, the landscape creation, the ecological buffer. In this study, the range of the physical scale for landscape and ecological mounding of waterside parks and green spaces was calculated. The range of the mounding height was analyzed to be less than 1.25m and more than 1.25m and the average height was 0.74~1.08m and 1.75~2.75m respectively. In addition, the range of width of mounding was less than 6.13m, 6.13~17.5m, and more than 17.5m, and the average width of each was 3.45~4.95m, 7.05~10.85m and 31.54~51.54m respectively. The range for the length of mounding was less than 50m, 50~500m, and more than 500m. The mean length of each mounding was 34.0m, 116.3m and 955.8m. It is difficult to distinguish the difference between the waterside planting areas and the urban greenery in the purpose and function of landscape and ecological mounding. However, considering the average distance of 60m from the waterside and the average height of 1.26m, we can conclud that opened planting foundation is prefered to high mounding designs in waterside planting areas. It is expected that the results presented for the improvement of the logical and spatial value of the waterside parks and green areas planting foundation design can be served as the basic data helpful for practical application in landscape architecture planning and design.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.143-152
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze the usage characteristics and the role of spatial and social psychology of open spaces in urban neighborhoods. The survey for this study was conducted on 318 residents in Gyungsan. For analysis, the frequencies and means were calculated, the chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of variance were performed. Survey results revealed that, first, not only the preferred open space type but also the usage characteristics by gender were different. The tendency for males was to visit open spaces to exercise and to stay for longer than one hour. However, the females visited open spaces to care for their children and meet friends or neighbors. They also visited more often than males but stayed for a shorter time. Second, females tended to consider the open space as a place for rest and leisure. Females valued the social psychology aspects of the open space function. Third, regarding the spacial role of open space in urban neighborhoods, study participants believed that the waterside parks improve the quality of life, but were concerned for the safety of children. Considering the social psychology role of open spaces, study participants regarded the waterside parks as improving emotional health. Particularly, they believed the waterside parks played a greater role in daily life as a place for meeting, resting, and leisure than other open space types such as playground, children's parks, and sport parks.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.201-209
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• 2011

Objectives: This study examined the use of health impact assessment (HIA) as a tool for intersectoral collaboration using the case of an HIA project conducted in Gwang Myeong City, Korea. Methods: A typical procedure for rapid HIA was used. In the screening step, the Aegi-Neung Waterside Park Plan was chosen as the target of the HIA. In the scoping step, the specific methods and tools to assess potential health impacts were chosen. A participatory workshop was held in the assessment step. Various interest groups, including the Department of Parks and Greenspace, the Department of Culture and Sports, the Department of Environment and Cleansing, civil societies, and residents, discussed previously reviewed literature on the potential health impacts of the Aegi-Neung Waterside Park Plan. Results: Potential health impacts and inequality issues were elicited from the workshop, and measures to maximize positive health impacts and minimize negative health impacts were recommended. The priorities among the recommendations were decided by voting. A report on the HIA was submitted to the Department of Parks and Greenspace for their consideration. Conclusions: Although this study examined only one case, it shows the potential usefulness of HIA as a tool for enhancing intersectoral collaboration. Some strategies to formally implement HIA are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to provide the necessary basic data, to establish management solutions and to improve biodiversity by calculating similarity index, urbanization index (UI), and disturbed index (DI) to understand current status of naturalized and invasive alien plants in Eulsukdo, Maekdo and Samnak ecological parks in Busan, South Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in these parks were 76 taxa; 20 families, 53 genera, and 76 species. As a result of the similarity index analysis, the most similarity level (83.0%) was obtained at Eulsukdo and Maekdo parks. The numbers of invasive plants identified in the two parks were 11 taxa; Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Hypochaeris radicata L., Lactuca serriola L., Solidago altissima L., Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Paspalum distichum L., and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. Overall, UI and DI were 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively, indicating that the ecosystem disruption was serious.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.30-41
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• 2022

This study investigates the heat mitigation effects and thermal comfort improvement due to urban parks during summer. Self-developed monitoring devices to measure long-term microclimate data were installed in three spots, including the park plaza, waterside, and roadside in Seoul Forest Park, and measurements were taken from July 9 to July 30. The results of the measurement are as follows. The daily temperature of the park plaza and waterside were found to be 2.7℃ and 2.9℃ lower than the roadside and 5.5℃ and 7.4℃ lower than the roadside from 10:00 to 16:00. In addition, the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) measurement was applied to measure the thermal comfort at each point. In the average daily analysis, a significant difference was found between the park plaza, the waterside, and the roadside, and a greater difference was found between 10:00 to 16:00. Also, although there was no significant difference due to the weather condition, a statistically significant difference was also found in the average PM₁₀ and CO₂ concentrations. It is found to be higher in the order from the roadside, park plaza, and waterside for PM₁₀ concentration and park plaza, roadside, and waterside for CO₂. In sum, although the difference in measured microclimate data and thermal comfort index results were different depending on the time and weather conditions at the three points, the park plaza and waterside, which are located inside the park, showed improved thermal comfort conditions and lower temperatures than the roadside outside the park.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2010

This study concerns the design strategy for the waterside of Gyeong-In Ara Waterway, Korea’s first constructed canal. This design focused on the creation of a new paradigm for waterway landscapes the major factors of which were geographical advantage, value of landscape and efficient approach. As the major space plan for the waterfront formed through the Gyeong-In Ara waterway from the Yellow Sea to the Han River, eight good views of the waterfront zone were designed by utilizing the waterway as a scenery viewpoint and, by constructing two traffic lanes for the scenic parkway connecting Incheon and the Gimpo terminal, both a linear greenway as well as various waterfront facilities were also designed. A boardwalk and bike path connecting the major theme parks were planned, and a waterfront pocket park was then organized based on the bike path. In this study, the result of the new waterfront result from the Gyeong-In Ara waterway was planned to have an identity as a new waterside culture space in order to achieve multiple functions including environmental, cultural, leisure, and tourism as well as management programs based on a variety of applied culture content and story-telling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.12 no.3 s.32
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to perform the survey on the ecological systems, scenary, and water quality change for agriculturally purposed drainage channels constructed with the application of environment-friendly methods and thus to evaluate the environment-friendly redevelopment effects of them. The main results of this study are as follow: 1. The channels not looking good aesthetically before redevelopment had changed into graceful scenic views from the aspect of landscape architecture as natural-type gently waterside to the channel and naturally-looking water stream. In the village parks developed for the rest of residents, an enough view was secured and thus a wide prospect scope could be obtained. 2. The flora in the channels have increased to 35 families and 82 species from 19 families and 32 species before renovation. As the growth speed of them are slower than externally-brought plants, they can cause some risks to the stability of land slope, including scour by erosion. From that reason, it is necessary to adequately combine the species of the plants both natively growing there and externally-brought planted. 3. In case of water quality, it turned out that, from more than a year after redevelopment, plants began to take roots and the water quality improved. On the contrary, there have been some cases, partly found, that aggravated the quality of water due to the causes like as retention of floating matters by withered plants or plant bodies after the growth of plants in the channels under survey became active, and therefore it is judged that a periodic maintenance of waterways is needed. 4. In case of fishes, all species before renovation have revived, and the population and the number of species have increased after works the formation of puddles in the channels. In waterside grasslands, amphibia and reptiles have not only increased but also been diversified.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1 s.114
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.