• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Gypsum-wood composites were made by introducing inorganic substances into wood using calcium chloride, first treating solution, and sodium sulfate, secondary treating solution, by double diffusion process under atmospheric pressure at room temperature. The process conducted as follows: water saturated specimens were soaked in calcium chloride solutions at several concentration. Then the specimens were soaked further in saturated sodium sulfate solution, and they were leached in flowing tap water for 24h. To attain sufficient weight percent gain (WPG) values, the suitable concentration of calcium chloride and soaking time in saturated sodium sulfate solution were 20% and 48h, respectively. Inorganic substances were produced mainly in the lumina of tracheides. It was made sure that these substances were dihydrate gypsum($CaSO_4$ $2H_2O$) by X -ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). The composites had good fire resistance due to low heat transfer rate of gypsum formed in wood. However, the composites had little decay resistances, because they showed high weight losses by test fungi attacks.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2012

This study used pine wilt disease damaged trees as raw materials. The damaged woods were subjected to soaking treatment using wood vinegar, nematicide and sea water, fumigated treatment using fumigation, and the bending strength and hardness of the timber were measured at different points of time after the treatment. In soaking treatment, the highest bending strength was obtained from wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii. The highest hardness in cross section was gained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, the highest hardness in radial section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and wood vinegar (100 fold dilution)-soaked specimens of Pinus thunbergii, and the highest hardness in tangential section was obtained from the nematicide-soaked specimens of Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii, and there were not significantly different among the treatments. When fumigated treatment was applied, bending strength, hardness was somewhat lower in the control but were not significantly different between the treatments.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권7호
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• pp.56-86
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• 1986

The aim of this study is to scientifical conservation for the Sin An Ship. The test object is Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata of Sin An Ship's timber .Comtrast object is water soaked fresh wood of Pinus densiflora and Cryptomeria japonica The results were as follows.1. M. C is 280.9% in high degraded Planking board,237.5% in low degraded Planking board,158.6% in fresh wood of Pinus densiflora,222.6% in Bulkhead167.3% in fresh wood of Cryptomeria japonica2. Absorption rate of P.E.G is good at heating condition ($55∼60^{\circ}C$), especially in highdegraded wood.3. The dimensional change of wood during air drying is somewhat shrinked That's 7.22% in low degraded Planking board9.8% in high degraded Planking board and 4.11% in water soaked Pinus densiflora.4. The dimensional change of wood during P.E.G treatment is mostly swollen of wery small quantity.5. Salinity in desalinization tank showed below 50 p.p.m. It's indicate the end of desalinization treatment.6. Filtration with filter paper was possible up to 40% concentration only. Key words :M.c ; Moisture Content, Absorption rate, Dimension change, Salinity, Filtration.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

The use of structural wood based panels like plywood, OSB in many applications involves the use of nails, and data on the performance of panel-nail connection are needed for design and comparative purpose. This study was carried out to develop basic information on nail performance(withdrawal, embedding, nailhead push through) with water absorption in plywood and OSB. In withdrawal resistance test, initial stiffness of plywood performed better than OSB in 24hr soaked condition. The soaked condition reduced average nail withdrawal resistance value about 46% (12d mail), 53%(8d nail) in OSB, 17%(12d mail), 24%(8d mail) in plywood. The nail embedding strength of plywood also performed better than that of OSB and retention value(wet strength/dry strength) yielded similar in each nail types. The nail head push through capacity of OSB was higher than that of plywood in dry condition, but equal or lower in soaked condition. Therefore, critical consideration about structural panels is required in moist applications. The average values of nail withdrawal, nail embedding strength and nail head push through resistance of tested materials meet the minimum requirement of various specification and standards.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2011

침엽수 구조재인 S.P.F 수종을 마이크로파로 단시간에 급속 건조시켜 액상의 인산염계 방염약제에 시간별로 침지시킨 후 2차 마이크로파 가열을 한 다음 3.8cm의 두께에서 1cm를 압축시켜 방염 후 처리물품 시험과 내구성 시험을 실시한 결과 1차 마이크로파 적정 가열시간은 5kW에서 7분 동안 가열할 경우 목표 함수율(4~5%)을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다. 인산염계 방염약제에 침지, 건조 후 3kW로 9분 동안 가열시켜 연화된 상태에서 압축된 목재의 함수율 측정결과 시험편 모두 외부용 목재의 적정 함수율인 12~14%의 범위를 만족하는 것으로 나타났다 또한 압축된 목재의 방염후 처리물품 시험을 통한 방염성능은 방염약제에 30분간 침지된 시험편이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 압축된 목재의 성능 시험 결과 경도, 못뽑기 저항, 압축, 휨강도, 전단 강도 모두 약 2~3배 이상 역학적 특성이 향상되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 최근 파티클보드(Particle Board ; 이하 PB)의 원재료로 재활용되고 있는 목재 폐기물 중 합판공장의 부산물을 원재료로 사용하고 비포름알데히드계 EMDI접착제의 적용을 통한 제조조건을 최적화하여 재활용 원재료의 효과적인 활용을 통한 고(高)내수성 PB의 개발과 그에 대한 물리 기계적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, (1) 베니어 적층 복합보드에 EMDI수지를 사용하였을 경우 휨 강도가 섬유방향 57.7 $N/mm^2$, 섬유 직각방향 25.1 $N/mm^2$의 강도를 나타내었다. (2) 두께팽윤율과 수분흡수율은 U형, M형, P형 실험에서 EMDI수지가 UF수지보다 높은 수준의 내수성을 나타내었다. (3) 잔존 포름알데히드의 양을 줄이고자 실행하였던 72시간 수침전처리는 파티클보드의 포름알데히드 방산량을 증가시키는 결과를 초래하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1991

According to our secondary school curriculum for natural science and technical circles, there be used 353 of chemical reagents including 24 kinds of harmful and toxicant components. At present, most school are discharging their school laboratory waste water without any chemical and physical treatments. So as to solve the environmental problem for water pollution, this study tried to research a kind of adsorbant utilizing saw dust, wasted wood sources and designed the simple processing system using the adsorbent. This adsorbent was made by extracting lignin substances from raw saw dust under the solution of 0.5N-NaOH at the temperature of $100^{\circ}C$. Their metal removed rates was measured not only by processing of column and vessel. but also by comparing the standard solution and real waste water. The results were proved as more than 90(%) of the adsorptive efficiency on the average from Pb, Cd, Cu except Cr(VI)in case of the school experimental waste water soaked in vessels a long with 4g of the adsorbent for 24 hours. The new processing system enables to remove most harmful and toxicant metals by filtering, sedimenting and adsorbing at the low cost.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2019

Densification is a process for improving the strength properties of wood from the felling of young trees, which is a common harvest practice in community forests. A series of experiments was conducted to refine the process with particular regard to the determination of suitable pretreatment and treatment conditions. Samples of pine and gmelina measuring $23cm(L){\times}20cm(W){\times}2cm(T)$ underwent pretreatment through immersion in a 1:1 $CH_3COOH-H_2O_2$ solution at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 30%. Samples pretreated with the 20% solution showed the greatest improvement in strength; further experiments were conducted to determine the optimum treatment conditions in terms of temperature and duration following immersion. Test samples with the same dimensions as those in the pretreatment experiment were soaked in a 1:1 20% $CH_3COOH-H_2O_2$ solution and warmed in a water bath. The test samples were then individually hot pressed to the target thickness, which was 30% less than the original thickness and held at $150^{\circ}C$ or $170^{\circ}C$ for 15 or 30 minutes. The treated samples were cut for an analysis of their density, recovery of set, and bending strength. Pine and gmelina exhibited the best characteristics after treatment at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 and 15 minutes, respectively. The results suggest that the modified densification process had increased the bending strength of the wood, but the temperature and duration of treatment must be carefully considered for different wood species.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 목재 곡가공에서 마이크로파 조사 열의 효과를 조사했다. 마이크로파로 조사된 시험편은 대철과 클램프를 이용하여 곡가공을 행했다. 시험을 위한 시험편, 소나무 (Pinus densiflora), 은 78시간 동안 물에 침지했다. 포화된 시험편은 1시간 동안 자비되었다. 시험편의 크기는 $350mm(L){\times}20mm(R){\times}10mm(T)$이며, 이를 시험편은 2,450MHz 의 주파수를 가지는 마이크로파로 가열되었다. 가장 적당한 마이크로파 조사 시간은 60~90초 범위가 적당한 것으로 보였다. 함수은은 조사 시간의 증가와 함께 뚜렷이 감소했다. 연화된 목재를 곡가공 할 때, 연화된 시험편의 철면 (凸面)은 인장되고, 요면(凹面)은 압축 되었다. 압축부는 상당히 압축이되나, 인장부는 매우 작았다. 따라서 파괴는 인장 파괴 변형에 의해서 일어날것이고, 철면에서 대부분 발생한다. 그래서 다음과 같은 3가지 서로 다른 방식에 따라 결과를 얻었다. 1) 대철을 이용하여 곡가공 할 때, 철면에서는 인장 파괴가 일어나지 않지만, 요면에서 압축 파괴가 일어났다. 2) 클램프를 이용하여 곡가공 할 때, 대철 보다 곡가공 시간이 증가 했고, 인장 파괴가 발생했다. 3) 대철과 클램프를 이용한 곡가공은 본 연구에서 가장 우수한 조작으로 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 방염에 의한 초가지붕과 목재구조에 대한 화재 예방대책을 고찰하였다. 초가지붕 재료인 볏짚에 함침시간을 달리하여 방염처리를 한 후 물에 침수시켜 세척한 후에도 방염성능을 유지하는지 확인하였다. 목재는 방염처리 방법에 따른 방염효과를 비교분석하기 위하여 상압함침법과 진공가압법, 붓칠 등의 방법으로 방염처리 하였다. 볏짚의 방염성능은 콘 히터를 이용하여 착화지연시간을 측정하였으며 목재의 방염성능은 45도 연소시험과 콘 히터 실험을 통해 실험하였다. 실험 결과 특수 가연물인 볏짚의 경우 방염처리한 볏짚의 착화지연시간이 처리되지 않은 것보다 훨씬 길게 나타났으며 방염처리 후 물에 침수시켜 세척한 경우에도 처리되지 않은 시료에 비하여 착화지연시간이 길게 나타나 방염성능을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 목재의 경우 진공가압법으로 방염처리한 시료의 방염효과가 가장 우수하였고 붓칠이나 상압함침한 경우에도 처리하지 않은 것보다 착화지연시간이 길게 나타나 화재 확산 예방에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.