• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.795-801
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang (EG) and Red Ginseng-Ejung-tang (ER) water extract on production of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, erythropoietin (EPO), Exodus-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-5, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, Fractalkine, and TARC in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Levels of cytokines were measured by High-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. ER significantly decreased levels of IL-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, EPO, Exodus-2, MCP-5, MIP-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, TARC, and fractalkine for 24 h incubation at the oncentrations of 25 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). But EG did not show any significant effect. These results suggest that ER has anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition on the production of IL-21, IL-25, IL-$28{\beta}$, and chemokines such as EPO, MCP-5, MIP-$3{\alpha}$, MIP-$3{\beta}$, Fractalkine, Exodus-2, and TARC in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.38-45
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• 2016

Separation of particles based on different sizes, detection of pathogenic bacteria and isolation of leukocytes from whole blood are typical applications of spiral or helical microchannels. The present study focuses on developing a CD4+ T-cell counting device for monitoring HIV/AIDS patients with the aid of a helical minichannel used for a sample cartridge. For the experiment, $10{\mu}m$ sized microbeads were used for visualization with a fluorescence imaging system. Alignment of microbeads was investigated in a stationary and spinning sample cartridge filled with glycerol-water mixtures of different densities. The helical minichannel was spun using a DC motor controlled by an Arduino board with a Bluetooth shield. It was found that when the sample cartridge was made stationary, no bead alignment was achieved for a medium with density (0% and 20% glycerol) lower than that of the beads, but when it was spun at 2000-3000 rpm for 1-4 min, an alignment was obtained at the top of the channel facilitating optical detection and enumeration of those microbeads. Since an alignment of microbeads was achieved for a medium with density as that of blood plasma, the same approach can be applied for aligning and counting CD4+ T-lymphocytes in whole blood samples collected from patients.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate immune enhancing effect of Houttuyniae Herba water extract(HW) on RAW 264.7 cell of mouse macrophages. Methods: Effects of HW on productions of nitric oxide(NO) and hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages were measured. Effect of HW on production of cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cells was accessed by a multiplex bead array assay based on xMAP technology. All of results were represented P<0.05 compared to the normal. Results: 1. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly NO production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 2. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 3. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 4. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly IL-6 production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 100 and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. 5. After 24 hr incubation, HW increased significantly TNF-${\alpha}$ production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g$/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that HW has immune enhancing activity related with its increasement of NO, hydrogen peroxide, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in macrophages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1540-1547
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• 2014

The accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) was evaluated for sixteen meat quality traits in a Berkshire population (n = 1,191) that was collected from Dasan breeding farm, Namwon, Korea. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina porcine 62 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) bead chips, in which a set of 36,605 SNPs were available after quality control tests. Two methods were applied to evaluate GEBV accuracies, i.e. genome based linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) and Bayes B, using ASREML 3.0 and Gensel 4.0 software, respectively. The traits composed different sets of training (both genotypes and phenotypes) and testing (genotypes only) data. Under the GBLUP model, the GEBV accuracies for the training data ranged from $0.42{\pm}0.08$ for collagen to $0.75{\pm}0.02$ for water holding capacity with an average of $0.65{\pm}0.04$ across all the traits. Under the Bayes B model, the GEBV accuracy ranged from $0.10{\pm}0.14$ for National Pork Producers Council (NPCC) marbling score to $0.76{\pm}0.04$ for drip loss, with an average of $0.49{\pm}0.10$. For the testing samples, the GEBV accuracy had an average of $0.46{\pm}0.10$ under the GBLUP model, ranging from $0.20{\pm}0.18$ for protein to $0.65{\pm}0.06$ for drip loss. Under the Bayes B model, the GEBV accuracy ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.09$ for NPCC marbling score to $0.72{\pm}0.05$ for drip loss with an average of $0.38{\pm}0.13$. The GEBV accuracy increased with the size of the training data and heritability. In general, the GEBV accuracies under the Bayes B model were lower than under the GBLUP model, especially when the training sample size was small. Our results suggest that a much greater training sample size is needed to get better GEBV accuracies for the testing samples.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Houttuyniae Herba water extract (HC) on calcium release and production of various inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Intracellular calcium level was measured with Fluo-4 assay. Levels of cytokines were measured by High-throughput multiplex bead array cytokine assay based on xMAP (multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. Results : HC significantly decreased NO production for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). HC significantly decreased production of IP-10, KC, VEGF, and PDGF-BB for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 50, 100, and $200{\mu}/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). HC also significantly decreased intracellular calcium release for 24 hrs incubation at the concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and $200{\mu}/mL$ in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 (P < 0.05). But HC did not show any significant effect on production of IL-4 and IL-5 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7. Conclusions : The results suggested that HC has anti-inflammatory property related with its inhibition on the production of NO, IP-10, KC, VEGF, and PDGF-BB in LPS-induced macrophages via calcium pathway.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.790-797
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• 2011

Hydrodynamic similarity was analyzed by employing scaling factor in three phase fluidized beds. The scaling factor was defined based on the holdups of gas, liquid and solid particles and effectivity volumetric flux of fluids between the two kinds of fluidized beds with different column diameter. The column diameter of one was 0.102 m and that of the other was 0.152 m. Filtered compressed air, tap water and glass bead of which density was 2,500 kg/$m^3$ were used as gas, liquid and solid phases, respectively. The individual phase holdups in three phase fluidized beds were determined by means of static pressure drop method. Effects of gas and liquid velocities and particle size on the scaling factors based on the holdups of each phase and effective volumetric flux of fluids were examined. The deviation of gas holdup between the two kinds of three phase fluidized beds decreased with increasing gas or liquid velocity but increased with increasing fluidized particle size. The deviation of liquid holdup between the two fluidized beds decreased with increasing gas or liquid velocity or size of fluidized solid particles. The deviation of solid holdup between the two fluidized beds increased with increasing gas velocity or particle size, however, decreased with increasing liquid velocity. The deviation of effective volumetric flux of fluids between the two fluidized beds decreased with increasing gas velocity or particle size, but increased with increasing liquid velocity. The scaling factor, which was defined in this study, could be effectively used to analyze the hydrodynamic similarity in three phase fluidized processes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

Porous chitosan and chitin membranes were prepared by using silica particles as porogen. Membrane preparation was achieved via the following three steps: (1) chitosan film formation by casting an chitosan solution containing silica particles, (2) preparation of porous chitosan membrane by dissolving the silica particles by immersing the film into an alkaline solution and (3) preparation of porous chitin membrane by acetylation of chitosan membrane with acetic anhydride. The optimum preparation conditions which could provide a chitosan and chitin membranes with good mechanical strength and adequate pure water flux were determined. To allow protein affinity, a reactive dye (Cibacron Blue 3GA) was immobilized on porous chitosan membrane. Binding capacities of affinity chitosan and chitin membranes for protein and enzyme were determined by the batch adsorption experiments of BSA protein and lysozyme enzyme. The maximum binding capacity of affinity chitosan membrane for BSA protein is about 22 mg/mL, and that of affinity chitin membrane for lysozyme enzyme is about 26 mg/mL. Those binding capacities are about $several{\sim}several$ tens times larger than those of chitosan and chitin-based hydrogel beads. Those results suggest that the porous chitosan and chitin membranes are suitable in affinity filtration chromatography for large scale separation of proteins.