• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.633-640
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the water-extract from Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) compositions containing powdered green tea in HCT-15 human colon carcinoma, AGS human gastric carcinoma and NIH3T3 mouse normal fibroblast cells using viable cell count and MTT assay. The water-extract from Chaga mushroom compositions induced inhibitory effects on proliferation of HCT-15 and AGS cells in the MTT assay and viable cell count. However, mouse normal NIH3T3 cells were exhibited 80% survival under the same condition. Chaga mushroom compositions showed highly antiproliferative effect in human cancer cell line HCT-15 and AGS, but not in mouse normal cell line NIH3T3. These results suggest that Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) compositions containing powdered green tea are the candidate for chemoprevention in colon and gastric cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.396-401
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of suspension cultures of tea callus cells grown in the presence of different concentrations of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) with or without light irradiation. The methanol and ethanol extracts of precipitated cells (MEP, EEP) exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cell lines than the water extract of precipitated cells (WEP) or the supernatant Compared to culture under dark conditions, exposure to light irradiation led to significantly higher antitumor activity. The MEP from light irradiated cells at $250{\mu}g/mL$ with 2.0mg/L 2,4-D displayed more than 64% growth inhibition of HEP-2 cells, whereas normal cells showed less than 25% growth inhibition. The some fractions of MEP obtained from Diaion HP-20 column chromatography displayed the majority of inhibitory activity against the HEP-2 cell line. These results show that 2,4-D, and light stimulated the synthesis of antitumor compounds.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

Dental caries are one of the most common oral diseases and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), causing oral malodor. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) is known as typical periodontopathic bacteria, and periodontal disease is chronic inflammatory disease that leads to damage of gingival connective tissue and alveolar bone, eventually loss of teeth. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial effect of mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), green tea water extract and pine needles water extract against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria sucn as S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. As a result, the reduction ratios of S. mutans and P. gingivalis were 4.00 Log and 4.68 Log reduction for 30 s, and P. intermedia were 2.40 Log reduction for 30 s and 2.70 Log reduction for 60 s. Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) provides easy detection of visual data showing a significant inhibition on S. mutans. In conclusion, we expected that mouthwash containing CPC, NaF, green tea water extract and pine needles water extract could help preventing the dental disease like dental caries and oral malodor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various solvents on extraction of bioactive phenolics and to analyze the antioxidant capacity and contents of individual catechins in various grades of green teas organically grown in Boseong, Korea. The organic green teas, based on their harvest seasons, were categorized into five grades such as Woo-Jeon, Se-Jak, Jung-Jak, Dae-Jak, and coarse tea. Solvents used to extract phenolics from these teas included water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ as well as 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and ethanol. In general, aqueous organic solvents of methanol and ethanol led to higher extraction yields of phenolics than water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of the teas extracted with the aqueous organic solvents were approximately 1.5 to 3.2 and 1.8 to 3.8 times higher than those with water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. Coarse tea, the lowest grade of green tea, showed approximately 30-60% lower total phenolics and antioxidant capacity compared with the higher grade ones. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis was performed quantitatively to identify individual catechins, gallic acid, and caffeine in teas extracted with 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol. Based on their dry weights, the organic green teas contained about 1.7 to 2.9% of caffeine. Content (mg/g dry weight) of tea catechins decreased in the following order: Woo-Jeon (155.4) > Se-Jak (147.7) > Jung-Jak (143.2) > coarse tea (135.1) > Dae-Jak (130.5). (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate was the most abundant among the catechins analyzed. The highest grade of green tea, Woo-Jeon, had the highest amount of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at 77.4 mg/g dry weight. Overall, the higher grade of organic green teas tended to have the higher level of antioxidant capacity and catechins.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2005

This study was investigated to determine the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of green tea, and of solvent fractionated ethanol extract on Escherichia coli O157:H7. MIC value of ethanol extracts and solvent fractionated ethanol extract (hexane, ethyl-acetate, chloroform and water) were $2000{\mu}g/ml,\;0,\;500{\mu}g/ml,\;2000{\mu}g/ml,\;1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction against E. coli O157 :H7 ranged from $250-2000{\mu}g/disk$. The antimicrobial activity was significantly increased as concentration dependent. When E. coli O157:H7 was pH-adjusted TSB containing $1000{\mu}g/ml$ ethyl acetate, E. coli O157:H7 was significantly inhibited at initial pH of 10, whereas the pathogen grew well in the presence of pH 4.5-pH 9. The inhibitory effect of the ethyl acetate fraction on the growth of E. coli O157 :H7 was investigated. Growth of both strain in the tested conditions were rapidly occurred up to 12 h, but no growth was occurred in the presence of $250-1000{\mu}g/mL$ of ethyl acetate fraction for 72 h.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional teas on lipid levels in lead (Pb)-administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (rb-Con) and Pb-water extract of traditional teas (green tea: GWE, persimmon leaf: PWE, safflower seed: SWE, Solomon's seal: SSWE) groups. Pb intoxication was induced by administration lead acetate (25 mg/kg. BW, oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea/g BWday for 4 weeks. Net weight gain and feed intake were significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas they were tended to increase by traditional teas supplements. Both Plasma and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were lower in the traditional teas supplemented groups compared to the Pb-Con group. Plasma VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased by Pb ad-ministration, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group. However, water extracts of green tea, persimmon leaf, safflower seed and solomon's seal supplementation improved changes of the plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in Pb administered rats.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

Corn fiber protein (CFP) was extracted from corn wet-milling by-product, corn fiber. CFP films containing various plasticizers and cross-linking agents were prepared and their mechanical properties were determined. Among the plasticizers and cross-linking agents used in this study, the CFP film containing 2 g fructose and 0.03% cinnamaldehyde had the most appropriate physical property. In addition, the CFP films containing green tea extract (GTE) were prepared by incorporating different amounts (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) of GTE into the film-forming solution. Tensile strength, film solubility, and opacity of the CFP films increased with the addition of GTE, whereas elongation and water vapor permeability of the CFP/GTE films decreased compared to those of the control. The antioxidant activity of the CFP/GTE film was determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. As a result, antioxidant activity of the films increased with increasing GTE concentration. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus increased with increasing GTE concentration. These results indicate that the incorporation of GTE could enhance antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the CFP films.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.850-858
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• 1996

Green tea leaves 12.5 g were extracted twice with 500 ml boiling water. The green tea extract (GTE) contained 4.67 mg solid. The GTE contained polyphenols sush as 54.12% (-) epicatechin gallate, 26.21% (-) epicatechin, 10.71% epicatechin gallate, 7.09% (-) epicatechin and 1.85% catechin. The GTE inhibited the copper-catalyzed oxidation of human LDL at the concentrations of 50 and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ GTE in the presence of $5\;{\mu}M$ $CuSO_{4}$. The electrophoretic mobility of the LDL oxidized in the presence of $5\;{\mu}M\;CuSO_{4}$ was higher than that of the native LDL. The GTE also inhibited LDL oxidation induced by J774, human monocyte-derived macrophages and vascular endotherial cells. The LDL modified by copper or cells was inhibited by human macrophages at a much greater rate than native LDL in the presence of GTE. The GTE was found to be a potent inhibitor of modification of LDL. GTE inhibited the uptake of cell-modified $^(125)I-labelled$ LDL by macrophages. The formation of conjugated dienes was strongly inhibited in the presence of 50 or $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ GTE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.818-823
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• 2011

Recently, we showed that green tea extract (GTE) markedly lowers the intestinal absorption of $^{14}C$-benzo[a]pyrene ($^{14}C$-BaP) and enhances its secretion into the biliary route, suggesting a protective role for GTE against body burden. These findings indicate that green tea could be used as an effective dietary means against the toxicity of BaP. The present study, therefore, was designed to investigate if green tea intake could affect the tissue distribution and deposition of $^{14}C$-BaP in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to a nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diet and deionized water. At ~340 g of weight, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 27.4 kBq of [4-$^{14}C$]-BaP and 5.0 mg of BaP dissolved in $300\;{\mu}L$ of olive oil and then assigned randomly to the following two groups: one group (GTE) of rats was fed the AIN-93G diet with GTE via drinking water at approx. 4.7 mg of catechins/d, whereas the other was fed the same diet but without GTE (control). At 4 wk of dietary treatment with GTE, animals were euthanized and heart, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, retroperitoneal fat, testis, and epididymal fat were collected, weighed, and analyzed for tissue $^{14}C$-BaP. Both the control and GTE groups continuously gained weight throughout the study, but there was no significant difference between the groups. No significant differences were observed in the weights of heart, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, retroperitoneal fat, testis, and epididymal fat. However, the radioactivities of $^{14}C$-BaP, expressed in dpm/g, were significantly lower in the heart, liver, brain, spleen, and epididymal fat of rats receiving GTE as compared to their respective controls. These data indicate that green tea intake markedly lowers tissue accumulation of $^{14}C$-BaP. Taken together, these findings suggest that the decreased tissue levels of BaP by GTE intake may be associated with lowered intestinal absorption of BaP and its enhanced secretion into the bile.