• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2001

Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica have been identified as possible species for use for phytoremediation of landfills. To identify the capacity of waste leachate absorption in Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var, japonica, four different treatments were applied to these seedlings: leachate solution (100% leachate), 50% dilution (50% leachate: 50% water, v/v) and 25% dilution (25% leachate: 75% water, v/v) were applied to these two species. After the experiment, concentrations of heavy metals in tree biomass were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). These two species can take up the hazardous parts of the leachate such as heavy metals. Especially, these species showed good absorption capacity of Al, Cr, and Fe elements. The result of this study suggested that these two species can take up the toxic materials through their roots and transport them to stems or leaves.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2023

The extended use of polyester nowadays has increased the amount of waste polyester (PET) released into the environment. Although these materials don't directly harm living things or the ecosystem, their inability to biodegrade remains one of the major global threats, driving up the amount of solid waste made up of PET. Environmental concerns have approved an increasing interest in recycled PET however the production of recycled PET with sufficient mechanical properties is still a challenge. Recycled Polyester (rPET) yarns are inexpensive and have the potential to acquire better mechanical characteristics through physical treatments, particularly by using technically simple method like uniaxial drawing. This study inspected the drawn behavior of virgin PET yarns and rPET yarns under various drawing parameters by first analyzing the initial material characteristics of both yarn. The impact of stretching on mechanical and morphological properties was also investigated. The results showed that virgin PET has better properties than rPET yarn; however, mechanical properties resembling virgin PET are achieved after optimizing the draw ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.51-59
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• 2006

Today, SPA fills many of the same needs as they did thousands of years ago, including relaxation, wellness and stress relief by incorporating many of the same methods embraced by the ancients such as a multitude of hydrotherapy treatments, thalassotherapy and massage therapy, one of the most widely used SPA treatments. The definition is as follows: SPA is entities devoted to enhancing overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit. It was from here that the concept of modernday SPA evolved, incorporating full health and beauty services along with sport, aquatic and rest facilities. Todays SPA, a absolute concept, is being specialized and spread as fast as undefinable just in a word. Thalassotherapy, a kind of SPA therapy, contains minerals and trace elements. Born more than 4,000 years ago in ancient Egypt, thalassotherapy comes from the Greek words for thalasso(sea water) and therapeia(to heal). Thalassa was the Greek personification of the Mediterranean Sea that surrounded them and gave them so much of their sustenance. It helps to nourish, hydrate and refine skin texture and also eliminate metabolic waste and toxins in the body. Thalassotherapy is recommended for post-natal and postsurgery recovery period, chronic fatigue, circulatory problems, cellulite control and dermatological problems. It's also possible to enjoy the thalassotherapy SPA as a day guest. Be sure to try the jansu massage, given in the heated sea water pool. As a trained therapist gently whisks clients through the womb-warm water, clients can practically feel the toxins leave their body. Many women from all over the world have been kept up beautiful skin with applying thalassotherapy to their faces and bodies since long times and these days in France, they are getting great curative clinical effects from renovative and scientific technological combination. Thus thalassotherapy will be absolutely ultimate form of natural healing which can keep and recover human's health and beauty.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.164-171
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• 1990

This study was carried out to enhance the nutritional value of whole crop corn silage and the utilization of animal waste as a ruminant feedstuffs. Whole crop corn were ensiled with cage layer excreta and concentrate. Treatments included whole crop corn silage (control), 10% cage layer excreta and concentrate-corn silage (CES lo), 20% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 20) and 30% cage layer excreta and 10% concentrate-corn silage (CES 30). The characteristics of silage fermentation was evaluated. Digestibility and palatability of the silage were observed through the feeding trial with four male Corridale sheep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cage layer excreta-corn silage showed higher contents of crude protein and crude ash than control silage, while crude fibre content was significantlv lower than that of control silage (P(.01). 2. Total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the cage layer excreta-corn silage was significantly (P< .01) higher than that of control, but CES 10 silage was good in quality. 3. Lactic acid content of CES 10 silage was the highest, but that of CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower than that of control. CES 20 and CES 30 silage was lower lactic acid content and higher pH than control. Therefore Flieg's score was wrose than that of control silage. 4. The numbers of total bacteria and lactic fermentation bacteria were estimated lo7-10' and 10"1OH, respectively, and there were no significant differences among treatments. Coliform numbers were not detected with CES 10 silage while were detected lo3 per gram in CES 30 silage. 5. Digestibility of crude protein, crude fibre and ADF was improved significantly in the animals fed the cage layer excreta-corn silage compared with animals fed the control silage. DCP and TDN were the highest in the CES 10 silage. 6. The intake of daily nitrogen and dry matter per metabolic body weight was the highest in animals fed the CES 10 silage.lage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.410-421
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• 2022

Objective: Two series of experiments were conducted to determine how the incremental levels of sodium metabisulfite (SMB)-treated fruit and vegetable discards (FVD) in diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows affect their performance and health. Methods: In Exp. 1, 36 Hanwoo heifers were stratified by age (13.3±0.83 mo) and initial body weight (305±19.7 kg), and divided randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 10%, or 20% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 110 d, including 20 d of adaptation. In Exp. 2, 24 multiparous Hanwoo cows were divided into three groups based on age (48.2±2.81 mo) and initial body condition score (2.64±0.33). Cows in each block were assigned randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 11%, or 22% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 80 d, including a 20-d adaptation period. In both experiments, SMB-treated FVD was used as a replacement for wet brewers grain in total mixed ration (TMR). Results: Growing heifers exhibited no differences in their daily feed intake (6.58±0.61 kg/d dry matter [DM]), average daily gain (0.60±0.07 kg/d), and body condition score when they consumed the incremental levels of SMB-treated FVD. Although most blood metabolites were unaffected by treatments, blood urea-N and β-hydroxybutyrate levels decreased linearly as the SMB-treated FVD level increased in TMR. Similar to Exp. 1, minor differences were found in daily feed intake (8.27±0.72 kg DM/d) and body condition score of Hanwoo cows. Most blood metabolites remained unaffected by treatments, but blood urea-N decreased as the SMB-treated FVD level in TMR increased. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SMB-treated FVD could be safely incorporated into the diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows, potentially improving N-use efficiency in the body while not impairing performance or health.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2000

High sodium contents in food-waste compost(FWC) is the greatest limitation to recycle it to arable lands in Korea. The effects of the FWC application to paddy soil on the growth of rice plants, cationic balance in plants, and the sodicity of soil have been studied in pot trials. The effects of FWC application were compared with those of NaCl compound and swine manure compost(SMC) application. $Na_2O$ contents of FWC were high as 2.2%. Immediately after transplanting, rice plants in three treatments showed severe wilting in the order of 40Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$ > NPK+900kg $NaClha^{-1}$ > 20Mg FWC $ha^{-1}$. The high EC value and volatile acid contents of soil solution were regarded as the cause of severe wilting of young rice plants. Increase of NaCl application rate upto $900kgha^{-1}$ showed no significant reduction of dry matter yield at harvesting stage. Regardless of application rates FWC reduced the dry matter yield at harvesting stage, while SMC increased it with increase of application rates upto $40Mgha^{-1}$. In NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments, Na contents and equivalent ratio in plants increased linearly with increase of Na application rates. Between Na and K equivalent ratio negative correlation with high significance was shown. In contrast to much difference of Na, K, and Na/K equivalent ratio among treatments, little difference of Na+K indicated the physiological substitution of Na for K in rice plants. Na use efficiency in NPK+NaCl and FWC treatments showed 12-22%.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2005

Two experiments were carried out to assess the appropriate incubation conditions namely; duration, moisture content and the ideal microbial inoculant for fermented dried food waste(EW) offered to broilers. The nutrient utilization of birds fed the FW diets at varying dietary inclusion rates was also compared with a control diet. In Experiment 1, different moisture contents(MC) of 30, 40, 50 and $60\%$ respectively were predetermined to establish the ideal duration of incubation and the microbial inoculant. A 1mL Aspergillus oryzae(AO) $(1.33\times10^5\;CFU/mL)$ was used as the seed inoculant in FW. This results indicated that the ideal MC for incubation was $40\~50\%$ while the normal incubation time was > 72 hours. Consequently, AO seeds at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00mL were inoculated in FW to determine its effect on AO count. The comparative AO count of FW incubated for 12 and 96 hours, respectively showed no significant differences among varying inoculant dosage rates. The FW inoculated with lower AO seeds at 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01mL were likewise incubated for 72 and 96 hours, respectively and no changes in AO count was detected(p<0.05). The above findings indicated that the incubation requirements for FW should be $%40\~50\%$ for 72 hours with an AO seed incoulant dosage rate of 0.10mL. Consequently, in Experiment II, after determining the appropriate processing condition for the FW, 20 five-week old male Hubbard strain were used in a digestibility experiment. The birds were divided into 4 groups with 5 pens(1 bird per pen). The dietary treatments were; Treatment 1 : Control(Basal diet), Treatment 2 : $60\%$ Basal+4$40\%$ FW, Treatment 3 : $60\%$ $Basal+20\%\;FW+20\%$ AFW(Aspergillus oryzae inoculate dried food-waste diet) and Treatment 4: $60\%$ Basal+$40\%$ Am. Digestibility of treatment 2 was lowed on common nutrients and amino acids compared with control(p<0.05) and on crude fat and phosphorus compared with AFW treatments(T3, T4)(plt;0.05). Digestibility of treatment 3 and 4 increased on crude fiber and crude ash compared treatment 2 (p<0.05). Digestibility of control was high on agrinine, leucine, and phenylalnine of essential amino acids compared with treatment 3 and 4(p<0.05), and diestibility of treatment 3 and 4 was improved on arginine, lysine, and threonine of essential amino acids. Finally, despite comparable nutrient utilization among treatments, birds fed the dietary treatment containing AO tended to superior nutrient digestion to those fed the $60\%$ Basa1+$40\%$ FW.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

The changes of microflora and chemical characteristics during fermentation process of cotton waste for oyster mushroom cultivation were investigated with 5 l bench-scale reactors placed in an incubator at different temperatures ($40,\;50\;and\;60^{\circ}C$). Cotton waste was wetted to 70% moisture, and air flow rates to the substrate were 50, 100 and 300 cc/min. In processing of composting, the mesophilic bacterial population decreased sharply but thermophilic bacterial population increased. In case of fungi, both mesophilic and thermophilic population decreased. The daily $CO_2$ evolution showed little difference in all treatments, while $NH_3$ dropped sharply after 3 days. The desirable composting temperature and air flow based on the mycelial growth of oyster mushroom were $50^{\circ}C$ and 100 cc/min, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2006

Waste activated sludge(WAS) collected from domestic wastewater treatment plant is biomass that contains large quantities of organic matter. However, relevant literature show that the bio-hydrogen yield using WAS was too low. In this study, the effect of pretreatment of WAS on hydrogen yield was investigated. Pretreatment includes acid and alkali treatments, grinding, heating, ozone and ultrasound methods. After pretreatment organic matters of WAS were solubilized and soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) was increased by 14.6 times. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pre-treatment methods and buffer solution, hydrogen partial pressure, and sodium ion on hydrogen production from WAS by using heated anaerobic mixed cultures. Experimental results showed that addition of buffer solution, efficient pre-treatment method with alkali solution, and gas sparging condition markedly increased the hydrogen yield to 0.52 mmol $H_2/g$-DS.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.479-483
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• 2018

Our group reported the thermal decomposition of R-22 ($CHClF_2$) refrigerants by nitrogen thermal plasma in previous studies. However, it was proposed that the wastewater generated from the end part of the process contains high concentration of fluoride ion which is a component of R-22. The additional post-treatment process to neutralize the $F^-$ ions in the wastewater was investigated in this study. The wastewater generated through the decomposition of R-22 with the same procedure in the previous work was treated using the neutralizer, $Ca(OH)_2$, and the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) independently as a post-treatment process. Wastewater samples were collected directly after the treatment for ion-chromatography analysis to trace the change of the concentration of $F^-$ ion in the wastewater. The fluoride concentration in the wastewater showed the highest value when the single water was used as a neutralizer, and the concentration of fluoride in the wastewater was dramatically reduced when the post-treatments were performed.