• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2006

The effluent from anaerobic digestion process of slurry-type piggery waste has a characteristic of very low C/N ratio. Because of high nitrogen content, it is necessary to evaluate nitrogen removal alternative rather than conventional nitrification-denitrification scheme. In this study, two parallel treatment schemes of SBR-like partial nitritation reactor coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reactor, and a nitritation reactor followed by nitrite denitrification process were evaluated with a slurry-type piggery waste. The feed to reactors adjusted with various $NH_4-N$ and organics concentration. The nitrite accumulation was successfully accomplished at the loading rate of about $1.0kgNH_4-N/m^3-day$. The $NO_2-N/NH_4-N$ ratio 1~2.6 in nitritated effluent that operated at HRT of 1 day indicated that SBR-like partial nitritation was applicable to ANAMMOX operation. Meanwhile, the nitrite accumulation of 87% was achieved at SBR operated with HRT of 3 days and $0.4mgO_2/L$ for denitritation. Experimental results further suggested that HRT (SRT) and free ammonia(FA) rather than DO are an effective control parameter for nitrite accumulation in piggery waste.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

The extraction properties of the biological waste originated from the Tobacco industry were evaluated. The biological waste have been recycled and transformed into a valuable material, so called a reconstituted tobacco sheet(Recon) by the papermaking process. In this process, The mechanical extraction process, which divides the mixed raw material slurry into the soluble stock and the insoluble stock, could affect not only the quality of final Recon product but also the productivity of whole Recon making process. This study investigated the effects of the extraction process on the slurry properties in detail. In order to quantify the amounts of the solubles which resided in the insoluble fibers, the washing treatment of the stock before and after squeezing process was applied. The amounts of the residual solubles showed little changes according to each stage of the extraction process. The fractionation of the slurry showed the difference in the amount of soluble in the stock depending on the size of the biological waste. After the extraction process, the bigger size fiber portion contained about 19%(by weight) in soluble after pressing but the smaller size fiber portion 9% in soluble. The fractionation ratio of the stocks also was changed by the screw press process, which could demonstrate the physical effects of the mechanical extraction.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1997

본 논문은 오염지역 또는 폐기물 매립지의 오염 차단용으로 사용될 수 있는 연직차폐기술을 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 슬러리월 재료에 대한 투수 및 화학반응실험을 통하여 적절한 배합비를 갖은 흙-벤토나이트, 시멘트-벤토나이트, 시멘트l플라이애쉬-벤토나이트, 플라스틱 콘크리트 혼합재료를 제시하였다. 벤토나이트 슬러리의 침출수 반응성 실험결과, 화학물질의 영향에 의하여 벤토나이트 슬러리가 국부적으로 응집이 이루어지고, 슬러리 현탁액이 제대로 형성되지 않는 현상이 발생하였다. 뒤채움재의 투수시험 결과, 시멘트-벤토나이트. 플라스틱 콘크리트, 흙-벤토나이트 순으로 투수 계수가 작게 나타났으며, 침출수와의 반응실험결과, 투수성은 약간 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 큰 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2011

In order to assess the performance of co-digester using pig slurry and food waste at the farm scale biogas production facility, the anaerobic facility that adopts the one-stage CSTR of 5 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ input scale was designed and installed under the conditions of the OLR of 2.33 kg $m^3\;day^{-1}$ and HRT of 30 days in an pig farmhouse. Several operation parameters were monitored for assessment of the process performance. The anaerobic facility was operated in three stages to compare the performance of the anaerobic co-digester. In the Stage I, that was fed with a mix of pig slurry to food waste ratio of 7:3 in the input volume, where input TS content was 4.7 (${\pm}0.8$) %, and OLR was 0.837-1.668 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. An average biogas yield observed was 252 $Nm^3\;day^{-1}$ with methane content 67.9%. This facility was capable of producing an electricity of 626 kWh $day^{-1}$ and a heat recovery of 689 Mcal day-1. In Stage II, that was fed with a mixture of pig slurry and food waste at the ratio of 6:4 in the input volume, where input TS content was 6.9 (${\pm}1.9$) %, and OLR was 1.220-3.524 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. The TS content of digestate was increased to 3.0 (${\pm}0.3$) %. In Stage III, that was fed with only pig slurry, input TS content was 3.6 (${\pm}2.0$) %, and OLR was 0.182-2.187 kg-VS $m^3\;day^{-1}$. In stage III, TS and volatile solid contents in the input pig slurry were highly variable, and input VFAs and alkalinity values that affect the performance of anaerobic digester were also more variable and sensitive to the variation of input organic loading during the digester operation. The biogas produced in the stage III, ranged from 11.3 to 170.0 $m^3\;day^{-1}$, which was lower than 222.5-330.2 $m^3\;day^{-1}$ produced in the stage II.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2009

Ethanol production by the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of low-value rice wine cake (RWC) without cooking was investigated. RWC is the filtered solid waste of fermented rice wine mash and contains 53% raw starch. For the SSF, the RWC slurry was mixed with the raw-starch-digesting enzyme of Rhizopus sp. and yeast, where the yeast strain was selected from 300 strains and identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae KV25. The highest efficiency (94%) of ethanol production was achieved when the uncooked RWC slurry contained 23.03% starch. The optimal SSF conditions were determined as 1.125 units of the raw-starch-digesting enzyme per gram of RWC, a fermentation temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, slurry pH of 4.5, 36-h-old seeding culture, initial yeast cell number of $2{\times}10^7$ per ml of slurry, 17 mM of urea as the nitrogen additive, 0.25 mM of $Cu^{2+}$ as the metal ion additive, and a fermentation time of 90 h. Under these optimal conditions, the ethanol production resulting from the SSF of the uncooked RWC slurry was improved to 16.8% (v/v) from 15.1% (v/v) of pre-optimization.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제18권sup호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2012

본 연구는 사료에 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%, 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5% 및 서양고추냉이 분말 0.03%와 팽이버섯폐배지 0.5%의 혼합제를 사료에 각각 첨가한 후 비육돈에 급여하여 분뇨에서 발생되는 악취물질의 농도변화를 조사하였다. 1. 분뇨의 단쇄지방산 농도를 측정한 결과 초산, 프로피온산, 부티르산 및 이성체지방산의 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 분뇨의 페놀, p-크레졸 및 이들을 합한 페놀류 농도는 처리구간에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 인돌 농도는 고추냉이 처리구에서 낮았으며(p<0.05), 스카톨 농도는 대조구와 고추냉이구에서 가장 높았고, 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았으며, 버섯폐배지구는 중간이었다(p<0.05). 인돌류 농도는 고추냉이와 버섯폐배지의 혼합구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05).

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

돈분 슬러리를 이용한 혐기성 소화과정에서 유기물 농도 및 식종슬러지의 식종비율, 소화조의 혼합강도 등의 최적 실험조건을 도출하고, 돼지의 성장에 따른 사료 급여 특성과 분뇨의 성상이 바이오가스 발생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 식종슬러지 비율 50%와 TS 농도 1% 수준에서 메탄함량은 45%이었고, 유기물 함량이 3~7 %로 증가할수록 메탄가스 함량도 증가되었다. 반응조의 혼합강도에 따른 총 누적가스 발생량은 식종슬러지의 식종비율에 따른 영향은 관찰되지 않았고, TS 농도 3%와 5%에서 혼합강도를 증가시켰을 때(80 $\rightarrow$ 160 rpm) 바이오가스 발생량도 증가되었다. 돈분폐수의 혐기소화 실험시 바이오가스를 회수하고자 하는 최적의 운전 조건은 투입되는 TS 농도 3~5% 정도의 유기물 농도와 50% 수준의 식종슬러지의 식종비율 그리고 반응조의 적절한 교반강도(120 rpm) 따라 결정될 수 있다. 돈분뇨 종류에 따른 가스발생량은 분만돈 분뇨의 바이오 가스 발생량이 높았고, gas 발생의 peak(20일)도 짧게 나타나 분해율이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 돼지의 사육 및 소비 형태에 따라 돼지의 사육 환경이 변화되며, 투입되는 사료의 급여 특성도 달라져 바이오가스 발생 특성도 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.1395-1404
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• 1993

Application of water-saving self-feeders can reduce water consumption of pigs by more than 50% . so the feeding-watering system one of the most important way of the reduction of the slurry. Bioactive deep litter housing can eliminate slurry. Matured urine, faeces and litter can use for the purposes of soil conditioning and fertilizing . Water-saving slurry handling technology can halve manure dilution so it can double the nutrient content of the slurry. By using of straw bale biofilter for reducing emissions of pig houses makes fattening of pigs possible close to populated area. Developed rate control system for slurry application make avoiding over-fertilization possible , can fulfill better the demand of nutrient of plants. By means of computer aided manure utilization system area distribution of soil characteristics can determinate . The system is suitable for planning the utilization of manure and slurry in environment -friendly way.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.8-10
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• 2008

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a very precise planarization technique where a wafer is polished by a slurry-coated pad. A slurry is dropped on the rotating pad surface and is supplied between the wafer and the pad. This research aims at reducing the slurry consumption and removing waste particles quickly from the wafer. To study the roles of grooves, slurry flows were simulated using the volume of fluid method (two-phase model for air and slurry) for pads with no grooves, and for pads with circular grooves.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2016

시멘트 공장에서는 폐기물 재활용 측면에서 다양한 산업부산물 및 생활폐기물을 사용한다. 이들 폐기물에는 다량의 칼륨과 염소 및 소량의 중금속 등도 함유되어 있으며, 이들 성분을 유가자원으로 활용하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 칼륨과 염소를 용해 결정화하여 염화칼륨을 수득하기 위한 다양한 방안을 검토하였다. 특히 혼합수 함량, 슬러리 온도 및 교반시간 등을 제어하였다. 또한 수득 염화칼륨 중에 존재하는 중금속 종류 함량 등도 분석하였다. 염화칼륨 수득량은 혼합수 함량 증가에 따라 증가하였으나, 1 : 2 (더스트:혼합수) 이상에서는 소폭 증가하였다. 슬러리 온도에 따른 수득량은 일정온도 이상에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 교반시간 10분 이상에서는 수득량 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 교반시간 증가에 따라 수득된 염화칼륨의 중금속 종류 함량도 다양하였으며, 주요 중금속은 Pb, Cu 및 $Cr^{6+}$ 등으로 확인되었다.