• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.1659-1668
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19 확산 속에서 손 씻기 교육 프로그램 적용이 지적장애 아동들의 손 씻기 빈도와 방법에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 연구대상은 지적장애 아동 14명이며, 시각적 영상 자료를 활용한 손 씻기 교육에 참여하였다. 손 씻기 교육 프로그램은 소개, 이론교육, 실습으로 구성되었으며, 매주 2회로 16회기, 총 8주간 실시하였다. 손 씻기 이론교육은 손 씻기 중요성과 적응증, 올바른 손 씻기 단계와 방법, 손 씻기 도구 사용방법, 그리고 손 소독제 특성을 포함한 손 소독제 사용방법, 손 씻기로 인한 피부 손상 예방으로 구성되었다. 손 씻기 평가는 손 씻기 빈도와 방법 관찰 기록지를 활용하여 실시되었다. 손 씻기 빈도는 일상생활의 일과 중에서 손을 씻는 빈도를 평가하였으며, 일별, 월별 빈도를 분석하였다. 손 씻는 방법은 손 씻는 도구사용, 시간, 부위, 손 씻은 후 건조방법으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 손 씻기 교육 프로그램 적용 후 대상자들의 손 씻는 빈도가 증가하였고, 손 씻는 방법도 향상되었다. 코로나-19 확산 속에서 적극적인 감염예방 방법으로 손 씻기는 매우 중요하다. 따라서, 본 연구결과를 토대로, 지적장애 아동들의 손 씻기 빈도를 증가시키고, 손 씻기 방법을 향상시키기 위해서 손 씩기 교육의 적용을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.161-174
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This paper researched methods of washing Herb medicine through research papers of washing Crops Materials and Methods : We collected research papers on Washing crops. Then we analysed them according to washing methods. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Herbal fruit, wash using a conveyor belt. 2. Leafy herbs, soak in a chlorine solution or ozone solution and rinse it. sometimes using micro bubble system. 3. Radix, wash with high pressure sprinkling water. 4. Cortex, wash under running water by hand washing. Conclusion : Herb medicines need a washing methods for each region. so Herbs should be washed in a suitable methods for each region.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to define the optimal Lycium chinense miller washing method for developing the Lycium chinense cleaner and we analyzed the Lycium chinense miller washing characteristics for removing pesticides and microorganism according to washing methods; habitual washing method, air bubble washing method and nozzle spray washing method. The results were summarized as follows; 1. In case of measuring physical properties according to the varieties, maximum yield strength of Hokwang was 2.562 kgf, minimum yield strength of Hokwang was 0.269 kgf and average yield strength was about 1 kgf. 2. In case of measuring change of bacteria according to washing methods, the number of bacteria of non-washing method was more than the number of bacteria of habitual washing method or mechanical washing method and the number of nozzle spray washing method was least. 3. Ahjoksiseuteurobin of 0.218 ppm was detected in the untreated sample, 0.051 ppm was detected in the habitual washing method, 0.047 ppm was detected in the air bubble washing method and 0.034 ppm was detected in nozzle spray washing method. Every amount detected were less than 2 ppm that is reference value and the detected amount was least in case of nozzle spay cleaning method. Cypermethrin of 0.772 ppm was detected in the non-cleaned sample, 0.089ppm was detected in habitual washing method, 0.26 ppm was detected in the air bubble washing method and 0.292 ppm was detected in the nozzle spray washing method. Every detected amount of Cypermethrin were less than 5 ppm that is reference value and the detected amount was least in case of habitual washing method.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.241-247
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the ultrasound gel container washing methods for the sterilization of contaminants and to find the useful methods for the prevention of infection caused by the ultrasonic gel containers. In this experiment, a 250 mL ultrasonic gel container was used, and the ultrasonic gel used was a non-sterile gel (ECO GEL 99, SeungWon Medical, Korea). In order to evaluate the degree of contamination, new 250 mL 15 containers were divided into 5 groups to perform five types of washing by no treatment, washing with water, washing with soap, washing with bottle cleaner and high disinfection level washing. After the washing process, filled the gel container with gel and after 2 weeks, the number of colonies in the gel container was sampled repeatedly twice in the same ultrasonic laboratory and compared before and after washing. As a result of among the five cleaning methods used in this study, 87.2% and 88.9% of the soapy water washing (p = 0.028) and high level washing (p = 0.027) showed significant bacterial reduction rates, respectively. Our findings conclusively an ultrasonic gel container cleaning method for removing contaminants has been found to be an effective sterilization method at a low cost with a soapy water cleaning method. Therefore, it is expected that it will be helpful to prevent the infection caused by the ultrasonic gel container by suggesting the sterilization cleaning method that is practically useful in this study.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 1997

According to consumer's washing behavior, the washing efficiency of three different types of washing machines-pulsator, agitator, and drum was studied. Their detergency, rinsing efficiency, and the degree of fabric damage, tangle, and wrinkle were evaluated. The results showed that efficient washing capacity was different from the specified capacity of washing machine. Detergency and rinsing efficiency frere apparently decreased when more than 50% of capacity was loaded in washing machine of pulsator type, and 80% for agitator or drum types. They were also affected by detergent adding methods, and decreased in the order of water-detergent-washing load> washing load-detergent-water> washing load-water-detergent. Rinsing efficiency was significantly improved when the rinsing temperature was set above washing temperature. In addition, it was revealed that detergency, fabric damage, wrinkle, and tangle were highly correlated. The relationships between detergency and tangle were different for different types of washing machine. Positive relationships were found for agitator and drum types, whereas negative for pulsator type.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate gender and age differences in hygienic behavior among the general population, focusing on hand-washing habits and the microbial load of hands. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey and a separate microbial examination were performed. The Pearson's correlation between hand-washing habits and microbial load was analyzed. Results: In the questionnaire survey on hand-washing habits, gender differences were found in hand-washing frequency, use of hand-washing agents, and hand drying methods (p<0.05). Age differences were found in numbers of washing parts of the hands and also in hand drying methods (p<0.05). Females showed better habits washing hands than did males, as did older people compared to younger. In the microbial examination of indicator bacteria on their hands, younger people tended to show a higher load of total aerobic bacteria than did the older, and females showed a higher load of total coliforms than did males (p<0.05). There were significant relationships between the load of total aerobic bacteria and hand-washing frequency, duration, and method of turning-off water (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although females were expected to show a better practice of hand-washing than were males based on the survey results, they showed a higher level of total coliforms in the hand examination. The older age group showed better hand-washing habits than did the younger age group and had less total aerobic bacteria on their hands. These inter-gender and age differences highlight the need for development and implementation of gender-and age-specific educational programs or campaigns.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 1997

Peach skin fabrics were washed by the general and ultrasonic washing systems using different conditions. The physical properties of the washed fabrics were estimated. The following results were obtained through experimental data and their analysis. The tensile properties were changed due to fabric running speed and washing methods. The lower the running speed, the higher the extensibility and resilience and the lower the linearity and tensile energy. In the general washing method, the extensibility and resilience had lower values than those of the ultrasonic washing method and the linearity and tensile energy had the higher values than those of the ultrasonic washing system. The bending properties, bending moment and histeresis, were estimated. These values were generally lower in the ultrasonic washing system than those of the general washing system. The faster the washing speed, the higher the value of hysterisis. The shear properties were affected by the fabric running speed and washing methods. Shear stiffness and hysteresis of shear forces increased according to the increase of the fabric running speed. The values were higher in the general washing system than those of the ultrasonic washing system. The compressional energy was affected by the fabric running speed. The higher the fabric speed the higher the compressional energy. The ultrasonic washing system had lower compressional energy than the general washing system. The higher the running speed, the lower the coefficient of friction and geometrical roughness. The values of geometrical roughness were infienced by the removal of the sizing agent. The higher the remaining sizing agent, the higher the fabric weight and the thicker the thickness of fabric.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to define the optimal boxthorn berries washing method for developing the boxthorn berries cleaner. We analyzed the rate of removal of residual pesticides according to washing methods; 1st - habitual washing method, 2nd - drum rotation washing method, 3th - drum rotation and air bubble washing method, 4th - drum rotation and nozzle spray washing method, 5th - drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method. A rate of removal of residual pesticides of 88% was detected in the drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method, and a rate of 82% was detected in the habitual washing method. The drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method appeared to be the best good washing effect compared to the habitual washing method(about 6% compared to 82.0% higher). Clothianidin Triadimefon, Triforine ingredients, the drum rotation and air bubble and nozzle spray washing method efficiency was lower compared to the habitual washing method removal efficiency.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 1991

In order to evaluate the role of cytopathologic diagnosis of sputum, bronchial washing and bronchial blushing in the diagnosis of lung cancer, we performed this study. The patients included in this study had undergone sputum, bronchial washing and brushing cytology over the 20-month period of 1985 through 1987. The total number of specimens was 5,495 of 2,242 patients, including 4,830 sputa and 665 bronchial washing and brushings. The average number of sputa and bronchial washings and brushings per case was 2.4 and 1.2 respectively. Among them, about 10% were unsatisfactory specimen, and three-fourths were negative specimens. In sputum cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells" was given to 3%, "suspicious for malignancy" was given to 1 %, and "malignancy" was given to 13%. In bronchial washing and brushing cytology, the diagnosis of "atypical cells", "suspicious for malignancy" and malignancy" was given to 6%, 3%, and 20% respectively The cases diagnosed as "atypical cells" in cytology were actually malignancy in 95% and 84.8% of sputum and bronchial washing and brushings respectively, and the "suspicious for malignancy" were actually malignancy in 100% in both methods. The detection rates of malignancy were 504% and 55.2% in sputum and bronchial washing and blushing respectively, and the specificity was 100% in both methods. The accuracy of cell typing was 92% in sputum and 89.7% in bronchial washing and blushing.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.353-370
• /
• 2023

In this study, the performance of ultrasonic cleaners for ultrasonic washing, which is one of the wet cleaning methods, was evaluated. The washing performances of ultrasonic cleaners were compared with commercial washing machines under normal and wool courses based on different parameters such as detergency, wrinkle formation, fabric damage, dimensional stability, and germ removal ability. Cotton, silk and wool were used in this experiment. Results revealed that the ultrasonic washing detergency of cotton fabrics was lower than that of commercial washing machines under the normal course and similar to that of commercial washing machines under the wool course. Detergency of silk fabrics was similar under both normal and wool courses. In terms of wrinkle formation and dimensional stability, ultrasonic cleaners showed lesser wrinkles and lower shrinkage than commercial washing machines. Considering damage evaluation, ultrasonic cleaners more effectively removed soil without damaging fabrics compared with commercial washing machines. The bacteria removal rate of both cotton and silk was more effective than the wool course of a commercial washing machine. Thus, this study compares the performance of ultrasonic cleaners and commercial washing machines and provides meaningful results related to ultrasonic washing performance.