• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 1994

Warts and barks of apple trees were vector of White rot. Two devices removing warts and barks for the use of pest control on apple trees were developed and evaluated in this study, and their results are as follows ; 1. A total of 148 warts were examined to determine the average size. About 35 percent of the examined warts were 6~8mm long, 4~8mm wide and 4~6mm thick in size. About 30 percent of the examined warts were 4~6mm long, 2~4mm wide and 6~8mm thick in size. 2. Seventy-one percent of the examined barks removed were 4~8mm in thickness. 3. A blade with 30 degree of cutting angle required 3 to 22 percent less cutting energy than those with 15 and 45 degrees of cutting angles. 4. The cutting torque decreased from 31 N-cm to 12 N-cm with an increase of cutting speed from 26cm/s to 104cm/s for a feeding speed of 0.31 mm/s with the blade angle of 30 degrees. 5. The cutting torque increased from 6N-cm to 32N-cm with an increase of branch diameter from 6mm to 14mm for a feeding speed of 0.31 mm/s with the blade angle of 30 degrees. 6. Two devices mounted on a mower for removing warts and barks were evaluated and proved effective.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.196-207
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• 2015

Purpose : To observe effects of Korean Medicine treatment for genital warts.Methods : In a single private clinic from February 2014 to February 2015, we did retrospective chart review for 326 patients with genital warts who had been treated by Korean Medicine. Korean Medicine treatment included herbal treatment and herbal ointment.Results : A total of 326 patients were enrolled in this study: 62.7%(n=219) male, 32.8%(n=107) female. In the type of diagnosis, new diagnosis was 45.4%(n=148) and recurrent disease was 54.6%(n=178). Complete clearance was achieved 63.2%(n=206) and treatment period was 3.5 months(range:1-9). Partial clearance-good was 15%(n=49), partial clearance-poor was 4.9%(n=16), non response was 16.9%(n=55) and the average treatment period was 4.3 months(range:1-14). In complete clearance group, female and the prevalence of less than 1 year were statistically significant(p<0.05). There was no recurrence of genital warts after TKM treatment during follow-up period(4-13months).Conclusion : This study suggest that Korean Medicine may be an effective treatment for genital warts.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of patients with warts. Methods : We conducted statistics study on 100 patients, who had visited to Wart Clinic, from September 2008 to February 2009. Results : The results were as follows. 1. The wart was found more often from female(64%) than from male(36%). The age distributions of patients showed highest in 21-30 years, followed by 31-40 years, and 11-20 years. 2. The distributions of duration of warts showed highest in 1-5 years, followed by 6-10 years, and over 10 years. 3. The most common warts were Verruca plana(48%), Verruca vulgaris(25%), Verruca vulgaris with Palmoplantar wart(14%), Verruca plana with Verruca vulgaris(9%). 4. The Verruca vulgaris was found mostly in the hand, whereas the Verruca plana was seen mostly in the face. 5. Laser therapy was the most common previous treatment, followed by cryotherapy, immunotherapy in order. 6. The distributions of duration of treatment showed highest in 1-4 weeks, followed by 5-8 weeks, 9-12 weeks in order. 7. After treatment, 43 cases(43%) showed complete clearance, and 29 cases(29%) showed partial clearnace. Conclusion : We analyzed the characteristics of patients with warts. Further studies would be needed to develop the better treatment on warts.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.233-235
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• 2021

Although warts are a common skin condition/disease that recurs in childhood, treatment completion is difficult owing to the pain associated with conventional therapies. In this case, Korean herbal medicine, Guijakjihwang-Tang, and indirect moxibustion was used to treat a recalcitrant cutaneous wart without pain and recurrence. A 7-year-old boy presented with recurrent cutaneous warts on his right hand and received cryotherapy 3 times in the previous year. The wart recurred during the course of cryotherapy treatment, and the patient did not want to suffer any more pain from the previous treatment. Therefore, parents sought an efficient and painless therapy. The patient was treated for 2 months using Guijakjihwang-Tang combined with indirect moxibustion. The prominent lesion separated in the 2^nd month of treatment and completely recovered without adverse events in the 3^rd month. There was no recurrence over 12 months of follow-up. This report provides meaningful insights into the use of Korean medicine as a safe, painless and efficient treatment for warts in pediatric patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2016

Objective : The aim of this article is to report the chinese published papers on the results using the direct moxibustion to treat warts.Methods : Searching chinese published papers, we classified the results involved in the direct moxibustion treatment about warts. And analysed remedy methods, periods, cure rate, etc.Results : According to chinese published papers, the direct moxibustion itself may be effective in patients with warts. In all paper, the direct moxibustion showed more than 90% cure rate. The recurrence rate was low.Conclusion : We introduce a variety of wart treatments with the direct moxibustion which is made in China and report meaningful results. We hope to this paper contributes to various studies on cauterization of direct moxibustion.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.238-243
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• 2021

Objectives: Plantar wart is a common viral skin disease caused by human papillomavirus infection and poses a therapeutic challenge in the paediatric patient population. Acupuncture and moxibustion are effective treatments for a wide range of skin conditions. Case report: This study presents the case of a 9-year-old girl for whom complete resolution of recalcitrant warts was achieved with acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Results: After 20-week treatment, the wart lesions and pain were completely resolved. At the 6-month follow-up, the lesions remained fully resolved. Conclusion: This result suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion could be effective therapeutic strategies for plantar warts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

Objective: To assess the health and economic burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases (cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2/3, and genital warts) in Singapore over a period of 25 years beginning in 2008. Methods: Incidence-based modeling was used to estimate the incidence cases and associated economic burden, with the assumption that age-stratified incidence rates will remain the same throughout the period of 25 years. The incidence rates in 2008 were projected based on data obtained from the National Cancer Registry for cervical cancer, and from a combination of published data and hospital registry review for CIN1/2/3 and genital warts. The population growth rate was factored into the projection of incidence cases over time. Direct cost data per cervical cancer and per CIN1/2/3 case were obtained from the financial database of large local hospitals while cost data for genital warts were obtained from the National Skin Center; these costs were multiplied by the number of incidence cases to produce an aggregate estimate of the economic burden over the 25-year period (in 2008 Singapore dollars) using a 3% discount rate. Results: The total number of incidence cases of HPV-disease over 25 years beginning in 2008 was estimated to be 60,183, including 8,078 for cervical cancer, 11,685 for CIN 2/3, 8,849 for CIN1, and 31,572 for genital warts. The estimated total direct cost was 83.2 million Singapore Dollars over 25 years: 57.6 million attributable to cervical cancer, 13.0 million to CIN2/3, 6.83 million to CIN1, and 5.70 million to genital warts. Conclusion: HPV-related diseases are expected to impose significant health and economic burden on the Singapore healthcare resources in the next 25 years.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.101-115
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method in the case studies on warts in Korea, to identify trends in herbal medicines and herbal prescriptions according to the characteristics of individual patients and to systematically analyze concurrent therapies. Methods : Domestic databases (OASIS, RISS, NDSL, KTKP, KISS, KISTI, KISTI) were used to search for case studies related to the herbal medicine treatment of warts. There was no restriction on the time of publication. A total of 9 papers were selected. Results : A total of 13 prescriptions were presented 23 times in 18 cases. Among them, bojungikgi-tang gamibang(補中益氣湯加減方) was the most frequently prescribed. Gwakhyangjeonggi-san gamibang(藿香正氣散加減方) and Damsoeun-tang gagam were the next most frequently prescribed. 69 herbs were used in a total of 13 prescriptions. Herbs were commonly classified as heat-clearing medicine(淸熱藥), exterior-releasing medicine(解表藥), and tonifying and replenishing medicine(補益藥) in descending order. The herbs used more than 6 times included Coicis Semen(薏苡仁), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(甘草) (10 times), Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), and Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) (6 times). Concurrent therapies were performed except for 1 study, and they were acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, external agents, and cupping therapy. Conclusions : This is the first study to analyze the use of herbal medicine as a treatment method for warts in case studies performed in Korea. We hope that this study would give helpful information about the treatment of warts in clinical practices.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.111-122
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• 2016

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine in flat warts in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for flat warts in Korea. Methods The clinical studies from the CAJ (China Academic Journal) of CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) by key words '扁平疣' in recent 5 years (From January 2011 to December 2015) were searched. Results 16 articles were selected from 122 clinical studies, and analyzed. The most commonly used herbs were Isatidis Radix (板藍根), Equiseti Hiemalis Herba (木賊), Cyperi Rhizoma (香附子), Carthami Flos (紅花), Glycyrrhizae Radix (甘草) etc., and the articles all showed effectiveness over the control group. Conclusion Based on analyzing the studies, herbal medicine has shown effective in flat wart. This study may be useful not only as clinical data, but also to determine better treatment going forward.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2008

The term keratosis covers a variety of growths such as warts and pressure-induced callosities. Warts develop in the absence of pressure, and often clear up again after a certain period, usually without treatment. Clavi can develop as a result of wearing poorly fitting shoes, but also deformed toes or other anatomical deformities affecting the foot. The resulting non-anatomical stressing leads to the formation of pressure callosities and even to pressure sores. It confronts hereupon, it searched the cure against the clavus with fructus mume(烏梅) and it arranged. The possibility of getting the result regarding the clavus treatment with fructus mume(烏梅) from the oriental medicine it was.