• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.190-193
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• 2012

A 2-month-old, intact female Alaskan Malamute was presented for evaluation of dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema of the neck following biting wound. Two small punctured skin lesions and crepitus on the neck were found during physical examination. Radiographs revealed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Confirmative diagnosis of tracheal laceration was made by identifying the tracheal wall discontinuity on the computed tomography. CT is a valuable tool to diagnose an external traumatic tracheal injury, and more specifically, to assess the location and the extent of laceration, and it leads to early definitive treatment and reduction of the incidence of complications.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1975

After a vital pulpotomy in dogs' teeth, the responses of the remaining pulp tissue under hydroxides (calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and zinc hydroxide) were studied histologically. The class V cavities were prepared on the teeth and the pulp was amputated. Each hydroxide was placed over the amputated tissue and the cavity was sealed with zinc oxide eugenol cement. Animals were sacrificed after 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks following the operation. The teeth were decalcified, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic examination reveals as follows; 1. Calcium hydroxide: Inflammatory change was seen in the superficial portion of the remaining pulp tissue at the 3rd day and 1st week. The incompleted calicified material began to be deposited from the canal wall at the 2nd week, and the advanced calcified material was seen at the 3rd week. 2. Magnesium hydroxide: Severe inflammatory change was seen in the superficial portion of the remaining pulp from the 3rd day and the 1st week samples. Inflammatory change was decreased at the 2nd week and the slight calcified material was deposited from the root canal at the 3rd week. 3. Aluminium hydroxide: Severe inflammatory changes were seen in the remaining pulp tissue, the blood vessel was dilated, and the odontoblasts were destroyed at the 3rd day and 1st week. The fibrous degeneration spread to the apex at the 2nd week. There was no evidence of newly formed odontoblasts or deposition of calcified material underneath aluminium hydroxide. 4. Zinc hydroxide: The micrscopic picture was destructive. A thick necrotic layer was found under the amputated surface at the 3rd day and 1st week. Granulation tissue formation as well as chronic inflammatory changes extended to the apical area in the pulp tissue. Also there were no sign of odontoblastic formation or calcified material at the 2nd and 3rd week.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.623-627
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• 1999

During canal instrumentation of a curved canal, restoring force of endodontic instrument remove more dentin from the inner wall of the curvature. This effect tends to straighten the canal and thus may significantly shorten the working length. This study was to determine the mean reduction in working length after instrumentation according to the curvature. The curvature of mandibular mesial root was determined before instrumentation. 30 canals were divided into 3 groups each 10 on the basis of degree of curvature. Experimental groups as follows. In group 1, canals having curvature from 15 to 20 degrees: in group 2, canals having curvature from 20 to 30degrees; in group 3, canals having curvature above 30 degrees. Experimental teeth in all groups were accessed, and their actual working length determined by passing a size 15 K-file(IAF) just through the minor apical foramen. The canals were sequentially enlarged to size 35 with ProFile .06 series. The change of working length was calculated by measuring the tip of IAF beyond apical foramen by using stereomicroscope. The change of canal curvature following instrumentation were measured using the Schneider technique. The results were as follows. 1. The greatest changes of curvature and working length were observed in the group 3 canals(P<0.05), next were group 2 canals and group 1 canals(P>0.05). 2. Group 1 canals showed a mean reduction in 1.61 degrees and length of 0.12m respectively(P>0.05). 3. Group 2 canals showed a mean reduction in 3.42 degrees(P<0.05) and length of 0.25mm(P>0.05) respectively. 4. Group 3 canals showed a mean reduction in 7.23 degrees(<0.05) and length of 0.64mm respectively(P<0.05).

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

Cares should be taken when performing the P and S wave velocity loggings in engineering and environmental fields. Some of them are the effect of casing, which is installed to prevent the borehole collapsing when the drilling is done on the loose ground such as soil and/or soft rock, and the discrepancy of the velocities of the same media according to the difference of the source wave frequency spectrum. The elastic moduli obtained from the P and S wave velocity logging have the dynamic characteristics. To overcome these difficulties, the following suggestions are recommended; (1) develop and apply a careful drilling technique that can keep the borehole wall without a casing, and (2) apply the logging methods with the suitable frequency bandwidth for the object of the velocity logging. It is important to make the aseismological engineers understand the difference between the dynamic elastic moduli and the static ones obtained from mechanical test, and to advise them to use the information properly.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the symbolic meaning of pattern designs attached on the main building of Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government (CPG). While most of researches mainly focused on the value and evaulation of the CPG building in terms of architectural history, relatively little insight has been gained on the symbolic meaning and mature of the pattern designs. What king of connections are related between the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun(Korea) and those of CPG? What symbolic meanings are engraved on the pattern designs? The researcher then took up the task of elucidating symbolic meanings of patterns and their relation to the building. The existing pattern of the outer wall of the CPG building consists of the symbol of sun(太陽輪), mums(菊花輪), and angle of stairs(雁大角). According to the Japanese Studies of emblems, these visual elements symbolize 'the sun of Japan'((日の丸) or 'the emperor', 'the royal family', and 'rays of the sun'. Based on these preliminary findings, the researcher considered the following in-depth connections: (1) relations with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun, (2) relations with the emblems of local autonomous entity, Kyoungsung in Chosun. (3) relations with the emblem designs of the local provinces in Japan etc. In conclusion, patterns of the main building were not just an architectural decoration, but they had significant meanings utilizing design elements and methods adopted by local autonomous entities in Japan, The patterns found at the ceilling and floor of hall in the CPG building were associated with the emblem of Governor-General of Chosun. Therefore, all the patterns of the CPG building are powerful symbols that have meanings for the colonial rule by using the shape and method of city identities that Japanese local provinces had enacted. That is, it came out into the open that they were designed for special meanings that Korean and Japanese are united as a single body(內鮮一體) for a subject of the Emperor of Japan(皇國臣民).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.771-778
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• 2007

This study has been conducted to achieve the following objectives: First, in order to understand the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we selected areas within 100 meters away from the railroad and then selected Saemaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment. In this way, we analyzed the horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the traffic noise occurring in diversified areas. Second, in order to understand the vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise, we measured and analyzed the distributional characteristics of vertical sound pressure levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings according to changes of traffic load and types, and the existence or nonexistence of soundproof walls. For the case of the railroad traffic noise, we also selected Samaul-ho and Mugoongwha-ho as the subjects for our experiment, and we measured and analyzed the different noise levels on each floor of multi-storied apartment buildings from the soundproof wall. The results of Horizontal propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: In cases of the flat land, cutting land, and bridge area, as distance increases, the sound pressure level steadily decreases. The sound pressure level for the bridge area is higher than that of the flat land with a measurement of $5.5{\sim}10.2\;dB(A)$. Vertical propagation and attenuation characteristics for the railroad traffic noise are as follows: The amount of sound pressure level decrease is $14.2{\sim}14.8\;dB(A)$ for Samaul-ho and $13.5{\sim}14.3\;dB(A)$ for Mugoongwha-ho when measuring the vertical sound pressure levels at heights lower than 4.5 m, which indicates a fairly large decrease. At 6 m, the amount of decrease is 8.6 dB(A) for Samaul-ho and 8.2 dB(A) for Mugoongwha-ho, which indicates a small decrease.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 1986

This study conducted 2 types of occlusal splint therapy to eliminate clicking sound. 15 patients who had clicking on their joints were selected, and divided, at random, into 3 groups. In the first group, 4 persons put on stabilization splint and in the second group, 6 persons put on anterior repositioning splint which had made condyle to protrude 3mm, and in the last group, 5 persons put on anterior repositioning splint which had made condyle to protrude 6mm. Patients who wore anterior repositioning splint were instructed to use the splint for all days. The evaluation of clicking was measured by occlusal soundscope. The clicking was converted to aucostic signal by the attached microphone, instead of vibrating sensor The in-put aucostic signal on the occlusal soundscope made it possible to observe the experiment's result. Anterior repositioning splint was produced in the centric occlusion state, when the model was mounted to articulator and inserted two pieces of 3mm and 6mm resin blocks each into the rear wall of articulator fossa. The observation of the patients who wore three different splints for 3 weeks has reached the following conclusions: 1. Stabilization splint produced no effect in eliminating the clicking sound. 2. Anterior repositioning splint therapy with 3mm condylar protrusion produced significant improvement in eliminating the clicking sound. 3. The 6mm protruded anterior repositioning splint caused pain on affected TMJ area as well as the clicking on unaffected joint.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.76-85
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified sinus floor elevation technique described hereafter as a "hybrid technique," in 11 patients with severely resorbed posterior maxillae. Methods: Eleven patients who received 22 implants in the maxillary premolar and molar areas by the hybrid technique were enrolled in this study. A slot-shaped osteotomy for access was prepared on the lateral wall along the lower border of the sinus floor. The Schneiderian membrane was fully reflected through the lateral slot. Following drilling with the membrane protected by a periosteal elevator, the bone was grafted. All implants were placed simultaneously with sinus augmentation. The cumulative success rate was calculated and clinical parameters were recorded. Radiographic measurements were performed. Results: All implants were well maintained at last follow up (cumulative success rate=100%). The mean residual bone height, augmented bone height, crown-to-implant ratio, and marginal bone loss were $4.1{\pm}1.64mm$, $8.76{\pm}1.77mm$, $1.21{\pm}0.34mm$, and $0.34{\pm}0.72mm$, respectively. Conclusions: Simultaneous implant placement with sinus augmentation by hybrid technique showed successful clinical results over a 2-year observation period and may be a reliable modality for reconstruction of a severely resorbed posterior maxilla.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

Purpose: In accordance to an increased interest in facial appearance and the popularization of computed tomography scanning, the number of diagnosis and treatment of blowout fractures has been increased. The purpose of this article is to review pure blowout fracture surgery through transconjunctival incision focusing on complications and their management. Methods: In this retrospective study, 583 patients, who had been treated for pure blowout fracture through transconjunctival incision from 2000 to 2009, were evaluated. Their hospital records were reviewed according to their sex, age, fracture site, preoperative presentations, time interval between trauma and surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: According to postoperative follow-up results, there were early complications that included wound dehiscence and infection (0.2%), hematoma (insomuch as extraocular movement is limited) (0.7%), lacriminal duct injury (0.5%), and periorbital nerve injury (0.7%). In addition, there were late complications that lasted more than 6 months, that included persistent diplopia (1.7%), extraocular movement limitation (0.9%), enophthalmos (1.0%), periorbital sensation abnormalities (1.0%), and entropion (0.5%). Conclusion: We propose the following guidelines for prevention of postoperative complications: layer by layer closure; bleeding control with the epinephrine gauzes, Tachocomb, and Tisseel; conjunctival incision 2 to 3 mm away from punctum; avoidance of excessive traction; performing surgical decompression and high dose corticosteroid therapy upon confirmation of nerve injury; atraumatic dissection and insertion of Medpor Barrier implant after securing a clear view of posterior ledge; using Medpor block stacking technique and BioSorb FX screw fixation; performing a complete resection of the anterior ethmoidal nerve during medial wall dissection; and making an incision 2 to 3 mm below the tarsal plate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.113-126
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the current use of mannequins that are designed to display Hanbok and put forward suggestions for improvement. In order to carry out the study, an analysis on the mannequins that are currently in the market was conducted along with a survey with professionals who are in charge of the display. The significance of the study is that it has gathered the opinions of professionals who are currently participating in the displays of Hanbok to lay the foundation for improvements. As Hanbok is a flat-pattern costume unlike the Western ones, the most prominent way to display is to lay them on the floor or hang them on the wall. Nevertheless, the mannequin displays are needed to show the beauty of Hanbok as the silhouette can only be completed when it is put on a body. A new type of mannequins that can portray the distinctive features of Korean beauty more effectively need to be developed. Although the museum and enterprise slightly differ in their preferences and requirements for the mannequins, both agree on the following criteria; the shape should be adjusted: the protruding breasts of the mannequin are not suitable for Hanbok, the body should be disassembled: all parts of the body should be separable and it should be flexible at the joints so that it can produce various poses, the face should represent the "koreaness" and the material should be soft. Based on these findings, we put forth the suggestion that a more suitable mannequin should be developed to portray the beauty of Hanbok.