• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 2007

An InGaP/GaAs HBT based differential Colpitts voltage control oscillator(VCO) is presented in this paper. In the VCO core, two switching transistors are introduced to steer the core bias current to save power. An LC tank with an inductor quality factor(Q) of 11.4 is used to generate oscillation frequency. It has a superior phase noise characteristics of -130.12 dBc/Hz and -105.3 at 1 MHz and 100 kHz frequency offsets respectively from the carrier frequency(1.566 GHz) when supplied with a control voltage of 0 volt. It dissipates output power of -5.3 dBm. Two pairs of on-chip base collector (BC) diodes are used in the tank circuit to increase the VCO tuning range(168 MHz). This VCO occupies the area of $1.070{\times}0.90mm^2$ including buffer and pads.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.425-430
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• 2003

A CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator(VCO) for application at temperature stable system is designed. The VCO consists of bandgap voltage reference circuit, comparator, and voltage-to-current converter and the VCO has a temperature stable characteristics. The difference between simulated and calculated values is less than about 5% in output characteristics when the input voltage range is from 1V to 3.25V. The CMOS VCO has error less than about $\pm$0.85% in the temperature range from $-25^{\circ}C$ to $75^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.7 no.2 s.13
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• pp.230-235
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• 2003

A small and integrated MMIC VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) at Ka-band has been developed. This oscillator was designed as Clapp-Gouriet type scheme, fabricated, and implemented on the carrier. This was connected to an alumna substrate on the carrier providing output port for module, utilizing ribbon and wire bonding technique allowing the loss of 0.2dB. This VCO module showed the excellent performance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.30 no.10A
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• pp.971-978
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• 2005

In this paper, we design and fabricate a VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) for radar detector of X/K/Ka band using frequency multiplier. The existing VCO operated in radar detector have many Problems such as narrow bandwidth, slow frequency variable rate, unstable of production due to high frequency. So we design and fabricate a VCO improved such problems using frequency multiplier. As a result of measure, investigated frequency multiple VCO show its output power 3.64 dBm at multiplied operating frequency 11.27 GHz and have wide frequency tuning range of 660 MHz by controlled voltage 0V to 4.50 V applied diode. And also its phase noise is -104.0 dEc at 1 MHz offset frequency so we obtain suitable performance for commercial use.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.283-286
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• 1999

A 2㎓, low noise, low power CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with an integrated LC resonator is presented. The design of VCO relies heavily on the on-chip spiral inductor. An optimized spiral inductor with Q-factor of nearly 8 is achieved and used for the VCO. The simulated result of phase noise is as low as -l14 ㏈c/Hz at an offset frequency of a 600KHz from a 2㎓ carrier frequency. The VCO is tuned with standard available junction capacitors, resulting in an about 400MHz tuning range (20%). Implemented in a five-metal 0.25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ standard CMOS process, the VCO consumes only 2㎽ from a single 2.5V supply. It occupies an active area of 620${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$\times$720${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.212-215
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• 2016

In this paper, a 5.08 GHz Ring Voltage Controlled Oscillator(Ring VCO) was implemented using $0.18{\mu}m$ standard CMOS technology. The proposal Ring VCO is 3-stage structure. This research confirmed that the each stage's different transistor size ratio influence the current change and alter power consumption consequentially. This circuit is formed to control the current thereby adding the Current Mirror and to tune the frequency by supplying control voltage. It has an 65.5 %(1.88~5.45 GHz) tuning range. The measured output power is -0.30 dBm. The phase noise is -87.50 dBc/Hz @1 MHz offset with operating frequency of 5.08 GHz fundamental frequency. The total power consumption of Ring VCO is 31.2 mW with 2.4 V supply voltage.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

A VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) and a divide-by-4 high speed frequency divider are implemented using 65nm CMOS technology for 60GHz wireless communication system. The mm-wave VCO was designed by NMOS cross-coupled LC type using current source. The architecture of the divide-by-4 high speed frequency divider is differential ILFD (Injection Locking Frequency Divider) with varactor to control frequency range. The frequency divider also uses current sources to get good phase noise characteristics. The measured results show that the VCO has 64.36~67.68GHz tuning range and the frequency divider divides the VCO output by 4 exactly. The high output power of 5.47~5.97dBm from the frequency divider is measured. The phase noise of the VCO including the frequency divider are -77.17dBc/Hz at 1MHz and -110.83dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset frequency. The power consumption including VCO is 38.4mW with 1.2V supply voltage.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2018

In this work, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) was demonstrated for 10-GHz band motion detecting sensors. The VCO MMIC was fabricated using a $2-{\mu}m$ InGap/GaAs HBT process, and the tuning of the oscillation frequency is achieved by changing the internal capacitance in the HBT, instead of using extra varactor diodes. The implemented VCO MMIC has a micro size of $500{\mu}m{\times}500{\mu}m$, and demonstrates the value of inserting the VCO into a single chip transceiver. The experimental results showed that the frequency tuning characteristic was above 30 MHz, with the excellent output flatness characteristic of ${\pm}0.2dBm$ over the tuning bandwidth. And, the VCO MMIC exhibited a phase noise characteristic of -92.64 dBc/Hz and -118.28 dBc/Hz at the 100 kHz and 1 MHz offset frequencies from the carrier, respectively. The measured values were consistent with the design values, and exhibited good performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 1996

Solid-state devices can be directly integrated with a planar antenna to form active antenna elements. In this paper, the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is designed and fabricated at 2.4 to 2.5 GHz using a microstrip patch antenna. A varactor diode is used as avariable reactance. The predicted frequency tuning range of the VCO is 2.448 to 2.498 GHz in the design procedure and the fabricated VCO has 2.446 to 2.498 GHz frequency tuning range when the varactor tuning voltage is varied from 0 to 11V. Transmitted power output of the patch antenna which serves both as a rsonator and a radiating element for VCO is about 18 mW over this tuning range.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.B
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• pp.101-105
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• 2009

A 1.571GHz LC VCO with optimized spiral inductor for GPS receiver is designed in 130nm CMOS process. The phase noise of the VCO has been reduced the use of high Q inductor and on chip filter. It has phase noise of -91dBc/Hz, -111dBc/Hz, and -131dBc/Hz at 10kHz, 100kHz, and 1MHz offset frequencies from the carrier, respectively. This VCO consumes 2mA from a 0.6V supply.