• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.71
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• pp.43-44
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• 2006

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.67
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

The lava-calcification which was found in Geunjisul located in Jeju-do (Korea) was investigated to analyse the cause of calcification through the internal factor of cave structure and surroundings in company with relevant ecological system. The volcanic cave is degenerated after formation from volcano lava extravasation, however, the cave became more stronger with solidification and petrification by the reinforced structure of calcification as the cement in concrete buildings unprecedentedly if the lava-calcification occurred in the cave. Such a Progressive Phenomena of lava-calcification was verified in progress first in Geonjigul located at Hyubjae-ri, but those would be found in other simiiar case of caves distributed and connected with seaside of shelly sand beach.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

The volcanic edifice of Ulleungdo is largely divided into a shield volcano underwater and a tholoide above seawater. The geological features of the volcano above seawater are basically alkali volcanic rocks that are further divided into five geological strata: agglomerates and tuffs trachyte and phonolite trachytic pumice trachyandesite, and sedimentary layer. The topography of Ulleungdo consists of volcanic landform on the whole, and such volcanic landform is weathered and eroded into various weathering landform, stream landform, coastal landform, structural landform, etc. Major volcanic topography includes caldera basin, central cone, and columnar joint, whereas weathering topography features, tafoni, gnamma, tor, weathered cave, talus, etc. In major coastal topography are sea cliff, wave-cut platform, sea stack, sea arch, sea cave, shingle beach, coastal terrace, etc. For stream topography, its development is minimal except for waterfalls.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.88
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

There are many beautiful volcano caves in Je-ju island which is biggest volcanic island in Korea. The typical volcano caves are ManJang-gul, HyupJe-gul and MiCheon-gul, etc. Among them the MiCheon-gul name is originated from the beautiful things of cave which were more than thousands in there. This MiCheon-gul cave has another feature in special. It is about a native plant bracken living among the various live creatures and plants in MiCheon-gul cave, however, it is growing contrary under the vertex of the cave grown at retro-gravity, as one of the famous things of the proud cave. Therefore, it was contemplated and investigated on the habitat of a mode of life and ecological adaptation on the native plant of bracken include the geomorphic and geographic features of the MiCheon-gul cave.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.51
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• pp.9-14
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• 1997

제주도는 동아시아 한반도의 서남해상에 위치하는 화산섬이다. Aspite 화산형을 이루는 한라산체를 주체로 하는 동서로 길다란 타원형의 화산섬이다. 이 제주도에는 대소 370개소에 달하는 분석구(기생화산)이 전지역에 산계하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 대소 80개소에 달하는 화산동굴이 분포되고 있어 세계화산학자들의 학술연구대상지가 되고 있는 섬이다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2013

Cave environment provides special ecosystems for evolution of lives distant from surface environments. We investigated bacterial and archaeal communities of wall biofilm obtained from of a volcanic cave (Daesubee) in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes were PCR-amplified and sequenced using pyrosequencing technologies. Unique prokaryotic communities with low diversities were observed. The main bacterial sequences (ca. 83% of total reads) were affiliated with Pseudonocardia mongoliensis of phylum Actinobacteria and clustered with clones obtained from various caves. Reflection of light on the wall surface of cave might be caused by formation of beads of water caused by hydrophobic filaments of actinobacterial colonies. Main archaeal sequences (ca. 65.7% of total reads) were related with those of I.1a-Associated group of phylum Thaumarchaeota. The sequences were related with that of Candidatus Nitrosotalea devanaterra which was known to oxidize ammonia under acidic condition (ca. pH 5.0). Nutrients leached through volcanic soils contribute formation of unique microbial communities of wall biofilm of cave Daesubee.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.55
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• pp.15-32
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• 1998

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.95
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study analyzed the distribution of China's caves and cave resources in Research. The results are as follows: First, China's melting karst caves are mainly distributed in southwest widely distributed. Recently in Beijing and other northern areas found in many caves. First, China's Karst caves are mainly distributed in karst-flung southwest. Recently in Beijing and other northern areas found in many caves. Second, although China is widespread volcanic landscapes, but most of the extinct volcano, the lava caves less so. Are mainly distributed in Hainan Island, north-east there are some distribution. Third, China's recent development and evolution of the cave, analysis of the paleo-environment records of cave stalagmites, cave biology, cave tourism development, environmental aspects of cave research more active.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.35
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• pp.32-42
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• 1993

The Paektu-san mountains are geographically situated in the Korea strait to the north of the main peninsula, coordinated between the longitudes of W(127$^{\circ}$15'~128$^{\circ}$00')and E(128$^{\circ}$15'~129$^{\circ}$00'), and between the latitudes of S(41$^{\circ}$15'~42$^{\circ}$00') and N(42$^{\circ}$10'~42$^{\circ}$40'). The volcanic group of the Paektu-san mountains can be devided into 2 main kinds of volcanos by the method investigation, The ashes are mainly made of tremolite, trachte, basalt and pumice, or, a little quartz, labradorite and volcanic glass. These sorts, ratios and forms of the rocks are respectively similar. The Haeven lake is surrounded by 19 peaks. The central volcanic cone is a secant cone in shape, with an altitude of the 1800m to 2749,2m (Chang-kun-bong), an average diameter of 10km, and a shape of an ellipse seen high from the plane. They say there were several eruptions in 1668, 1700 and 1702 A. D. The crystal structure of the rock sample collected at the cave of Mt. Paektu-san is monoclinic. The quantitative analysis of the rock samples in the cave is done by using XRF this time. The chemical compositions by XRF fundamamental parameter analysis is : SiO$_2$: 50.72Wt%, TiO = 2.422Wt%, $Al_2$O$_3$= 17.65Wt%, Fe$_2$O$_3$= 9.371Wt%, CaO = 8.711Wt%, MgO = 4.l19Wt%, MnO = 0.l15Wt%, $K_2$O = 1.369Wt%, Na$_2$O : 3.028Wt% and P$_2$O$_{5}$ = 0.365Wt%. The K-Ar age of the rock sample is also determined to be 0.16Ma. This paper describes some problems experienced in dating young volcanic rocks, and then discusses chemical compositions, X-ray fluorescence analyses and the age of the formation of a lava tunnel such as in Mt. Paektu-san.n.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.163-172
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• 1993

Cheju island is situated at about 90km south of southern most tip of the Korean peninsula. Its shape is an ellips with size of 80$\times$40$km^2$, and it is characterized by a symmetrical form whose peak is Mt. Halla (1950m). Major chemical composition of the rock samples from Manjang gul cave is determined by XRF using the fundamental parameter method consisting of fully auto quantitative analysis, semi quantitative analysis (order estimation) and group quantitative analysis. Judging from chemical composition ($SiO_2 = 53.07Wt% Fe_2 O_3=11.34Wt%, MgO=6.48Wt%, Na_2 O=3.07Wt%, K_2 O=1.05Wt%$), this rocks may belong to non alkalic basalt. K-Ar ages of two rocks samples from the Manjang gul cave are also determined. The discrepancy of K-Ar ages is found. They are 0.03Ma and 0.42Ma, respectively. This paper describes some problems experienced in dating young volcanic rocks and then discusses chemical composition, X-ray fluorescence analysis and the age of the formation of a lava tunnel such as Manjang gul cave in cheju Island.