• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

본 실험에서는 감귤, 매실, 당근의 껍데기로 감귤박, 매실박, 당근박을 먹여 산란계의 난황에 들어있는 Vitamin E와 K 함량을 높이고자 했다. Vitamin E 추출방법에는 검화방법인 ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$ - dipyridyl에 의한 비색정량법을 사용하였으며 전처리 과정 중 석유 ether를 가하여 층을 분리하는 과정과 증류수를 가하여 층을 분리하는 과정에 있어서 신중을 가하였고 신속한 시료 전처리 과정이 요구되었다. Vitamin K 추출에는 Diethyl dithiocarbamate에 의한 방법이 사용되었다. 실험결과 일반난황에서의 Vitamin E 함량보다 실험난황에서의 Vitamin E 함량이 2배 이상 높아졌음을 알 수 있었던 반면 Vitamin K의 함량은 소량 증가하여 큰 변화가 없었다. 위의 결과를 통해서 난황에 이전된 Vitamin E의 종류가 무엇이며 어떠한 형태의 Vitamin E가 이전이 많이 되었는지를 확인하는 실험이 필요할 것이다. 이러한 추가적인 실험이 이루어졌을 때 상업적으로 이용한 가치가 있는 가를 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.341-347
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics and Vitamin $K_2$ (MK-7) productivity of Cheonggukjang fermented by Bacillus subtilis SRCM100757 depending on the inoculum concentration 0.5% (v/w), 1% (v/w) and 2% (v/w). The lowest moisture content and water activity were $53.7{\pm}0.6%$ and $8.39{\pm}0.09$ after fermentation for 72 hours at 2% (v/w). pH slowly became alkalized during fermentation, but there was no significant difference. Amino nitrogen content increased with time and the highest content was $580.8{\pm}1.9mg%$ after fermentation for 72 hours at 2% (v/w). Lightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) decreased with time, whereas redness (a value) hardly changed. MK-7 contents increased with time at each inoculum concentration. The highest content was $20.47{\pm}1.53$ after fermeatation for 72 hours at 2%(v/w) and there were no significant differences between 1%(v/w) and 2%(v/w) inoculum concentrations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to compare the supplementation of natural (D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol) and synthetic (DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E on the growth performance, meat quality, muscular antioxidant capacity and genes expression related to oxidative status of broilers. A total of 144 1 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 8 birds each. Birds were given a basal diet (control group), and basal diet supplemented with either 20 IU D-${\alpha}$-tocopherol or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol acetate for 42 days, respectively. The results indicated that treatments did not alter growth performance of broilers (p>0.05). Compared with the control group, concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in the breast muscle was increased by the supplementation of vitamin E (p<0.05). In the thigh, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content was also enhanced by vitamin E inclusion, and this effect was more pronounced in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Vitamin E supplementation increased the redness of breast (p<0.05). In the contrast, the inclusion of synthetic vitamin E decreased lightness of thigh (p<0.05). Dietary vitamin E inclusion reduced drip loss at 24 h of thigh muscle (p<0.05), and this effect was maintained for drip loss at 48 h in the natural vitamin E group (p<0.05). Broilers given diet supplemented with vitamin E showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the breast (p<0.05). Additionally, natural rather than synthetic vitamin E reduced MDA accumulation in the thigh (p<0.05). Neither natural nor synthetic vitamin E supplementation altered muscular mRNA abundance of genes related to oxidative stress (p>0.05). It was concluded that vitamin E supplementation, especially the natural vitamin E, can enhance the retention of muscular ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, improve meat quality and muscular antioxidant capacity of broilers.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1484-1487
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• 1999

Extraction is the most important and tedious step to determine water-soluble vitamin C in water-insoluble chewing gum. For the rapid determination of vitamin C in chewing gum, a new method of dispersion in tetrahydrofuran(THF) was performed. Vitamin C was easily extracted from gum base using THF The content of vitamin C in chewing gum was rapidly quantified with high reliability by an enzymatic method using a chewing gum sample dispersed in tetrahydrofuran.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

사람은 채소를 통해 필수영양소인 L-Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)를 공급받는다. 본 실험의 목적은 비타민 C 생합성 유전자인 GalUR 유전자를 상추 (Lactuca sativa L.)에 형질전환 하고자 실시하였다. (주)농우바이오의 화홍적축면 상추의 자엽 절편체를 선발배지 (MS + 30 g/L Sucrose + 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 100 mg/L Kanamycin + 200 mg/L Lilacillin, pH 5.2.)에 치상하여 3주 경과후 자엽 절편체의 절단면에서 callus와 신초가 형성되었다. 그 결과 GalUR 유전자로 상추형질전환을 성공하였고 비타민 C 함량을 분석하였다. 대조구에 비하여 상추 형질전환체 line에서 높은 함량의 비타민 C 특히, GalUR 유전자가 삽입된 $T_1$ 중 일부는 비형질전환체에 비해 $3{\sim}4$배 높은 비타민 C 함량을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 GLOase 유전자 형질전환 상추 $T_1$ 세대에서 고함량의 비타민 C를 함유한 결과와 일치한다. 이런 결과를 기초로 하여 비타민 C 고함량 $T_2$ line을 선발하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.849-857
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• 2012

전처리 방법에 따른 적외선건조 복숭아의 이화학적 및 기능적 특성을 조사한 결과 수분함량은 0.3% NaCl 용액 침지구에서 낮게 나타났다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 vitamin C와 soluble Ca 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 식미와 밀접한 관계가 있는 당산비는 0.1% vitamin C처리구와 2.0% soluble Ca처리구에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 색도는 각각의 전처리구에 있어서 $L^*$ 값 및 $a^*$ 값은 높고 $b^*$ 값은 낮은 경향을 나타내어 갈변이 억제되는 결과를 보였다. 절단력은 전처리구가 무처리구에 비하여 높게 나타났으며, soluble Ca 처리에 따른 무기질 함량은 K > Mg > Ca > Na > Fe > Zn > Cu의 순을 나타내었으며 soluble Ca의 처리 농도가 증가됨에 따라 무기질 함량과 Ca의 함량 또한 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 관능특성에서는 각각의 전처리 구가 무처리구에 비하여 전반적으로 기호도가 높아지는 결과를 나타내었다. 전처리방법에 따른 적외선건조 복숭아의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 전반적으로 무처리구에 비해 0.1% vitamin C처리구, 1.0% soluble Ca 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성에서도 이와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과에서 이화학적, 기능적 품질특성을 고려해 보았을 때 0.1% vitamin C 전처리와 적외선건조방법을 효과적으로 이용하는 것이 고품질 복숭아 건조제품을 제조할 수 있는 방안이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1997

This study was done to determine that vitamins I and C are synergistic in protecting liver cells during hepatic ischemia and repefusion. Rats treated with vitamins I and C were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia and to 1 and 5 hr of reperfusion thereafter. Serum aminotransferase level and microsomal lipid peroxidation were markedly increased by ischemia/reperfusion. These increases were significantly attenuated by vitamins E, C or its combination. Hepatic wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was increased in ischemic group, but this increase was prevented by combination of vitamin I and C. Bile flow and cholate output were markedly decreased by ischemia/reperfusion and vitamin C alone and combination of vitamin I and C restored their secretion. Cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity were decreased by ischemia/ reperfusion and restored by vitamin C and combination of vitamin I and C to the level of sham-operated rat. Aniline p-hydroxylase activity was increased by ischemia/reperfusion and this increase was prevented by vitamin E. Our findings suggest that ischemia/reperfusion diminishes hepatic secretory and microsomal functions by increasing lipid peroxidation and vitamins I and C synergistically ameliorates these changes.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1973

The effect of the temperature and the time of scalding, and the addition of various seasoning on the remaining % of total Vitamin C contained in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was studied and discussed by means of chemical kinetics. The quantitative measurements of total Vitamin C were made by 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method with Clinical Electrophotometer (Fisher). The sample spinach contains 39.88mg. % of total vitamin C on the average, and the ratio of oxidized and reduced forms of Vitamin C is 1 : 4.7. When the sample spinach was scalded, the kinetics of the decrease of the remaining total vitamin C. % was observed to follow the first order reactions regardless of the temperatures applied (i,e. 70$^{o}$ , 80$^{o}$ , 90$^{o}$ and 100$^{o}$ ) with half-life range of 2.10 - 1.47 minutes. In the case of the addition of various seasonings, the addition of various seasonings, the kinetics remaining Vitamin C % showed to be the zero order reactions regardless of the kinds of seasonings and storage temperatures. With the addition of seasonings, the stability of Vitamin C was found to be increased in the order table salt+sesame oil+vinegar+soybean sauce, without seasoning, table salt+sesame oil, table salt+sesame oil+soybean sauce.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily intake of vitamin A in Korean female university students. Vitamin A intake was estimated using an inconsecutive 3-day dietary intake survey from 481 young women. Vitamin A intake values were calculated based on the data in USDA database. Average age, height, and weight of the subjects were 20.05 years, 162.13 cm and 54.38 kg, respectively. The subject's average intake of energy was 1645.67 kcal. The mean vitamin A, retinol and ${\beta}$ carotene intakes were $908.35{\pm}863.18$ ug retinol equivalent/day, $199.19{\pm}166.00$ ug/day and $3872.59{\pm}4972.17$ ug/day, respectively. The 21.83% of the subjects consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A. And subjects consumed 141.69% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for vitamin A. Food groups consumed with high vitamin A content in our subjects included vegetables (423.96 ug RE/day), potato and starches (213.64 ug RE/day), cereals (62.60 ug RE/day), eggs (55.17 ug RE/day) and milks (53.45 ug RE/day). The major food sources of vitamin A were sweet potato, carrot, spinach, egg, and cereal, and the top 30 foods provided 89.57% of total vitamin A. Also animal-derived food provided 9.65% of the vitamin A intake from the top 30 foods. In conclusion, judging from RNI, the vitamin A intake of the Korean female university students in this study was generally adequate. The result of our study may be used as a basis for follow-up studies of vitamin A intake like assessment of vitamin A nutritional status or evaluation of carotenoid food sources in Korean young women.