• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.1186-1194
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• 2017

Recently, many people have demanded reliable nutritional data even for minor-components. On the other hand, an analytical method for the analyses of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ is lacking. Therefore, this study attempted to validate with accuracy and precision the analysis of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents were analyzed using an Agilent 1260 series HPLC system. YMC-Pack ODS-AM ($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.) and YMC-Pack Pro RS $C_{18}$ ($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D.) columns were used for the analyses of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$, respectively. In the case of vitamin $B_5$, the flow rate was set to 1.0 mL/min by isocratic elution using the 50 mM $KH_2PO_4$ solution (pH 3.5)/acetonitrile (ACN) (95:5, v/v) with monitoring at 200 nm using HPLC/DAD, whereas the flow rate for vitamin $B_6$ was set to 1.0 mL/min of flow rate by isocratic elution using a 20 mM $CH_3CO_2Na$ solution (pH 3.6)/ACN (97:3, v/v) with monitoring by excitation at 290 nm and emission at 396 nm using HPLC/FLD. The column temperature was set to $30^{\circ}C$. The injection volume was $20{\mu}L$ for each experiment. The specificity of the accuracy and precision for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ were also validated by HPLC. The results showed high linearity in the calibration curve for vitamin $B_5$ ($R^2=0.9998^{{\ast}{\ast}}$), the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.4 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L, respectively, In contrast, for the calibration curve of vitamin $B_6$, which showed high linearity ($R^2=0.9999^{{\ast}{\ast}}$), the LOD and LOQ were 0.006 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Various aspects of antioxidant activity in vitamin C were evaluated in this study. Relatively high level of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was detected in vitamin C, but not in non-antioxidative vitamin, vitamin B1. Vitamin C also reduced the production of lipid peroxidation in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells with $IC_{50}$ value of $4{\mu}g/ml$. Vitamin B1 showed comparable reduction in lipid peroxidation products ($IC_{50}$ value was about $10{\mu}g/ml$). It was shown that vitamin C also dose-dependently enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in V79-4 cells, and these effects were not observed in vitamin Bl-treated cells. Our data suggest that well-known antioxidant vitamin C involved in direct activation of SOD, CAT and GPX.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.507-513
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• 2008

Purpose: Interest in the augmentation of hair growth for functional and aesthetic purpose has increased dramatically in recent years. Many hair growth products have been released, but most of these have not been proven scientifically. This study aims to measure the hair growth effect of azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$, which have been known as hair growth materials, in animal models. Methods: Six weeks old C57BL/6 mice were used in this study and hair of mice were removed by topical treatment. The mice were divided into five experimental groups according to the testing material such as saline (negative control), propylene glycol(vehicle control), azelaic acid, vitamin B6 and azelaic acid plus vitamin B6 in combination. Hair growth was documented photographically and histologically, and then analysed by the high quality hair analysis program system. The quantity of endocrine factors, IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ in the skin of mice was measured by PCR analysis. Results: The topical treatment of azelaic acid and vitamin B6 in combination for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth more than other groups. The azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined treatment also promoted hair follicle elongation and thickness compared to the others. Histologic studies showed increased number of basal cells in azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined treatment. Furthermore, the azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$-combined group significantly increased the expression of IGF-I but decreased the expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ in the skin of mice compared to other groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that azelaic acid and vitamin $B_6$, when used together, have an additive effect and might be used as hair growth materials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.829-833
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• 2004

The major compositions of Lentinus edodes seasoning(LES) compose of 30.3% of Lentinus edodes fruit body, 18.1 % of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) powder and 51.6% of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), prawn and green tea powder and so on were investigated in order to evaluate the nutritional value. Sodium concentration in LES was high up to 5,042.99 mg/IOO g and K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were followed. There were nineteen total amino acids in LES. The glutamic acid content was high up to 4.62 mg/100 mg and glycine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid were followed. Among twenty free amino acids, glycine content was high up to 2.37 mg/100 mg and glutamic acid, asparanine, proline, taurin and aspartic acid were followed. The contents of vitamin C in LES was high up to 224.78 mg/100 g and pantothenic acid, vitamin B$_{6}$, niacin, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B$_{l}$ vitamin B$_{2}$, vitamin D$_{3}$, vitamin A, vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin $K_{l}$ were followed.wed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.498-506
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• 2011

This study examined the relationship among plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels and neurocognitive function in 118 community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, $75.1{\pm}6.7$ years). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) was used to screen and assess neurocognitive function in the participants. Dietary intake data including the use of dietary supplements were obtained using the 24-hour recall method by well-trained interviewers. Plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and homocysteine was assessed by a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. The proportions of participants with suboptimal levels of plasma folate (< 3 ng/mL), vitamin $B_{12}$ (< 221 pmol/mL), and homocysteine (> $15{\mu}mol/L$) were 16.1%, 5.9%, and 21.2%, respectively. A multiple regression analysis showed that plasma homocysteine was negatively associated with plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels. The MMSE-KC test scores were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine and folate, but not with vitamin $B_{12}$, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, living with spouse, education, current smoking, energy intake, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. A general linear model adjusted for covariates revealed that MMSE-KC test scores increased from the lowest to the highest quartiles of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin $B_{12}$, and vitamin C intake (p for trend = 0.012, 0.039, 0.014, 0.046, 0.026, respectively). These results indicate that the problem of folate inadequacy and hyperhomocysteinemia are highly prevalent among community-dwelling elderly people and that dietary intake of the B vitamins and vitamin C is positively associated with cognitive function scores.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analysis the composition of fruit body of Morchella esculenta (MEF) to determine the possibility of medical and edible use. The nutritional compositions of MEF were as follows ; The contnt (g%) of crude fat, carbohydrate, crude protein were 3.8, 43.5 and 29.7, respectively. Potassium concentration in MEF was high up to 3558.0 mg% and Ca, Mg, Fe, Na and Zn were followed. There were 23 amino acids in MEF The content of glutamic acid was high up to 1433.0 mg% and leucine, alanine, arginine valine and theronine were followed. Since MEF contains 25 free amino acids, it will be a favorable food stuff. The content of Vitamin A, Vitamin $B_1$, , Vitamin$B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$, Vitamin C, Vitamin $BD_3$, Vitamin E and Vitamin $K_1$, were 2.23 $\mug%$, 0.13 mg%, 0.07 mg%, 0.27 mg%, 0.17 mg%, 52.27 $\mug%$, 5.26 mg% and 3.23 $\mug%$, respectively. MEF will have a good anti-aging effect due to content of Vitamin C and Vitamin E.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of vitamin $B_{6}$ intake by normal term delivery pregnant women on the concentration of vitamin $B_{6}$ in the material plasma, the umbilical cord plasma, and the placental tissue. Dietary intake data were obtained from a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire. The daily mean energy and protein intakes were 2189.5 kcal (93.2% of RDA) and 79.3 g (113.3% of RDA), respectively. The average daily vitamin $B_{6}$ intake was 1.7 mg (91.4% of RDA) for the pregnant women. Their main sources of vitamin $B_{6}$ were cereal & starch (50%), and vegetables & fruits (33%). The pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration of the maternal plasma, the umbilical cord plasma, and the placenta were 16.7 $\pm$ 4.1 nmol/1, 61.3 $\pm$ 19.8 nmol/l and 898.6 $\pm$ 159.2 ng/g, respectively. The PLP level was the highest in the placenta. The PLP level of the maternal plasma was significantly lower than the of the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.001). The PLP level of maternal plasma correlated positively with that of the placenta (p < 0.0001) and the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.05). Also the PLP level of the placenta correlated positively with that of the umbilical cord plasma (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the vitamin $B_{6}$ nutritional status of the fetus is affected by placental vitamin $B_{6}$ levels, and that the placental vitamin B$_{6}$ levels reflect the maternal vitamin $B_{6}$ status. The umbilical cord plasma PLP level showed a positive correlation with the gestational length (p < 0.05). A negative association was observed between the PLP level showed of the umbilical cord plasma and the pregnancy weight gain (p < 0.03). The results suggest that the transfer of PLP from maternal plasma to the placental tissue could be an active transport, white the transfer of PLP from the placenta to the fetus is by means of simple diffusion. Thus, neonatal vitamin $B_{6}$ nutrition is influenced by the maternal nutritional status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.425-433
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• 1997

Levels and distribution of five B-6 vitamers(PMP, PM, PLP, PL, and PN) and pyridoxine $\beta$-glucoside conjugates(PN-glucoside) were examined in milk of American women who received supplements of 2.5 or 10mg PN HCl/d and of unsupplemented Egyptian women during the first six months of lactation. B-6 vitamer and PN-glucoside levels in human milk were determined by reverse-phase HPLC. Pyridoxal(PL), which has been reported to be the most rapidly absorbed form of vitamin B-6 and may facilitate bioavailability, was the predominant vitamer in human milk of all three groups. Pyridoxal made up 72% of total vitamin B-6 for the 2.5mg supplemented group, 76% for the 10mg group, and 59% for the Egyptian group. Level and Percent PL were significantly lower for Egyptian women. Mean growth of the two American groups was similar to each other and within the normal range of the NCHS reference, however, Egyptian infants showed growth faltering at 6 months. The Percent of PN-glucoside, a less bioavailable form of vitamin B-6 in humans was 1% in milk of American women and was 11% in Egyptian women and these values were significantly different. for Egyptian women, total vitamin B-6 levels in breast milk correlated Positively with animal protein intake(r=0.91) and percent PN-glucosides(r=0.53) and negatively with plant protein intake(r=-0.55). These findings showed that high plant protein intake was associated with low concentrations of PL and total vitamin B-6 in human milk.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.172-182
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• 2016

This study was aimed to determine the changes in vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents compared to fresh materials after parboiling treatment of the main vegetables consumed in Korea. The specificity of accuracy and precision for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ analysis method were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recovery rate of standard reference material (SRM) was excellent, and all analysis was under the control line based on the quality control chart for vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$. The Z-score for vitamin $B_6$ in food analysis performance assessment scheme (FAPAS) proficiency test was -1.0, confirming reliability of analytical performance. The vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents in a total of 39 fresh materials and parboiled samples were analyzed. The contents of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ ranged from 0.000 to 2.462 and from 0.000 to $0.127mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, respectively. The highest contents of vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ were $2.462mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in fresh fatsia shoots (stem vegetables), and $0.127mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ in fresh spinach beet (leafy vegetables), respectively. Moreover, the vitamin $B_5$ and $B_6$ contents for parboiling treatment in most vegetables were reduced or not detected. In particular, the contents of vitamin $B_5$ in parboiled fatsia shoots and vitamin $B_6$ in parboiled yellow potato and spinach beet were decreased 20- and 4-fold compared with fresh material, respectively. These results can be used as important basic data for utilization and processing of various vegetable crops, information for dietary life, management of school meals, and national health for Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.493-502
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin B intake on biomarkers related to lipid metabolism, inflammation and blood glucose control, that are important in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Seventy-six adults (42 males, 34 females) were recruited from a group of diabetes patients who had visited the medical center for treatment. Data on anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆ and folate were collected using 24-hour diet recall and the CAN Pro 4.0 program. Also, data on clinical indices such as serum lipids, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were collected and analyzed for correlation with dietary vitamin B intake. Results from the dietary intake survey showed that riboflavin and folate intake (in males) and folate intake (in females) were below the Dietary Reference Intake for Koreans. Statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between hs-CRP and dietary intake of B vitamins. Riboflavin intake was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure after adjustments for age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, ingestion of diabetes mellitus medication and energy intake (p<0.05). Our results suggest that dietary vitamin B may influence inflammation and consequently may help in better management of type 2 diabetes.