• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.453-464
• /
• 2018

In this paper, an efficient higher-order shear deformation theory is presented to analyze thermomechanical bending of temperature-dependent functionally graded (FG) plates resting on an elastic foundation. Further simplifying supposition are made to the conventional HSDT so that the number of unknowns is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. These theory account for hyperbolic distributions of the transverse shear strains and satisfy the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factors. Power law material properties and linear steady-state thermal loads are assumed to be graded along the thickness. Nonlinear thermal conditions are imposed at the upper and lower surface for simply supported FG plates. Equations of motion are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. Analytical solutions for the thermomechanical bending analysis are obtained based on Fourier series that satisfy the boundary conditions (Navier's method). Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent FG plates and validated with those of other shear deformation theories. Numerical investigation is conducted to show the effect of material composition, plate geometry, and temperature field on the thermomechanical bending characteristics. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the thermomechanical bending responses of temperature-dependent FG plates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.124-133
• /
• 2017

In the current lighting market, LEDs that have a high luminous efficiency, a long life and consume less power have emerged as next generation lighting. Owing to various designs and sizes of LEDs, the production process of existing LEDs involves many tasks that require manual labor; hence, the assembly of LEDs necessitates manpower. Because of the use of manpower, the production costs of LEDs increases and production efficiency decreases. Recently, the assembly parts of LEDs have been standardized for minimizing manual labor, and an LED is developed as an LED panel. The automatic assembly system produces LED convergent lighting by assembling two LED panels and one diffusion cover. To increase the production efficiency of the LED convergent lighting module, it is important that the development of a feeder can continuously supply the LED panels is required, and whose design has sufficient stability. The automatic assembly system of the LED convergent lighting module consists of two feeders, which convey LED panels and diffusion covers to a main conveyor, which assembles the lifted panels and covers. In this study, structural analysis and fatigue life for forced loads on the conveyer line of the feeder in the process of lifting LED panels and diffusion covers of each feeder, is analyzed. In addition, the drive of the belt constituting the conveyor line of each feeder is simulated, and the dynamic characteristics of the belt is analyzed using the virtual engineering method.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.78-92
• /
• 2010

The culture phenomenon, which the desire of self expression is noticeable and the diversity of gender identity is widely accepted, simply makes a difference in the lifestyle of one human being rather than the dichotomous classification of male and female. Now, the delicate and aesthetic sensitivity classified as the feminine characteristics is no longer the exclusive property of female and this refers to substituting it as a social gender from the concept of biological sex. This phenomenon has influenced on the male culture and is creating various codes according to the cultural gender extended from the gender as a social role. Also, the transition into the western lifestyle has extended the aesthetic emotion to accommodate new codes from the diversification and globalization of lifestyle. The mansumer power, which does not care too much about the money for the emotionally attached items, has enabled various fashion styles. After analyzing the diversified clothing behavior conducted by these people in connection with the social phenomenon, First, this shows the phenomenon of emotional value pursuit that finds pleasure over the clothing as the item of augmented reality is added to the concept of play, in which the real space referred to as garment and virtual space of playing the rock, paper and scissors game meet together within the augmented reality. Second, the convergence concept has enabled the coordination of new style by obscuring the area of design concept and this refers to the changes in design from the development of new items and transformation into double-style details. Third, the divergence that intensively provides specific use/convenience and specialized value shows a change in the fashion market from the phenomenon that admits various gene rations of culture and specifically, takes differently about the recognition of middle-aged males. Fourth, the variety seeking tendency receives attention as the value of future design together with the phenomenon of discriminative value pursuit. In the male fashion, it is linked to the collaboration with the design area and this tells that the fashion with the narcissistic cross-dressing and motto of neutral gender without being sided to male/female is rising.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.511-524
• /
• 2020

In this research, a simple four-variable trigonometric integral shear deformation model is proposed for the static behavior of advanced functionally graded (AFG) ceramic-metal plates supported by a two-parameter elastic foundation and subjected to a nonlinear hygro-thermo-mechanical load. The elastic properties, including both the thermal expansion and moisture coefficients of the plate, are also supposed to be varied within thickness direction by following a power law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the components of the material. The interest of the current theory is seen in its kinematics that use only four independent unknowns, while first-order plate theory and other higher-order plate theories require at least five unknowns. The "in-plane displacement field" of the proposed theory utilizes cosine functions in terms of thickness coordinates to calculate out-of-plane shear deformations. The vertical displacement includes flexural and shear components. The elastic foundation is introduced in mathematical modeling as a two-parameter Winkler-Pasternak foundation. The virtual displacement principle is applied to obtain the basic equations and a Navier solution technique is used to determine an analytical solution. The numerical results predicted by the proposed formulation are compared with results already published in the literature to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed theory. The influences of "moisture concentration", temperature, stiffness of foundation, shear deformation, geometric ratios and volume fraction variation on the mechanical behavior of AFG plates are examined and discussed in detail.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2016

The film has always reflected the culture of the era based on reality and imagination. The visual effect in the film has mainly played a role of expressing the reality more realistically or recognizing the virtual as reality. This study examines the meaning and the effect of fantasy realism through Oasis of Lee Chang-dong. Fantastic realism has separated the reality from the imaginary space by using a dual meaning tool that affects the time and space in the film and reflects the human desire and desire to see. It was also reproduced in the real world through the medium of pigeons. In addition, it separates visualized space from non-visualized space in film narrative structure, separation of real and unreal space, segregation of consciousness and unconscious space, and separation of reality and reality space into power structure. With the development of technology, the image of the yellow image comes closer to us like reality, which will express the space of unconsciousness that we could not think of.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.179-201
• /
• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.11
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2013

The input buffer in Network on Chip (NoC) router plays a key role in on-chip-network performance, which is utilized in flow control and virtual channel. However, increase in area and power due to input buffers as the network size gets larger is becoming severe. To solve this problem, a bufferless deflection routing without input buffer was suggested. Since the bufferless deflection routing shows poor performance at high network load, other approaches which combine the deflection routing with small size side buffers were also proposed. Nonetheless these new methods still show deficiencies caused by frequent path collisions. In this paper, we propose a modified deflection routing technique using a location based priority. In comparison with existing deflection routers, experimental results show improvement by 12% in throughput with only 3% increase in area.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2010

Simulation visualization technology is an important constituent through which users directly interact with simulators. Simulator users have a needs for more fast, realistic and intuitive visualization. Though hardware-related performances such as computing power and visual equipment have been grown, the limits have existed in graphics rendering engines generally used in marine simulator up to now. This paper has focused on the review of graphic rendering engines available for simulation visualization. We had deduced system requirements for visualization of ship handling simulation, had surveyed graphic rendering engines as commercial and open source, and analyzed strengths and weakness of them. The feasibility study for simulation visualization of tug-barge transportation with an open source graphics rendering engine(OGRE3D) has been demonstrated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.66 no.3
• /
• pp.353-368
• /
• 2018

In this work, a high order hyperbolic shear deformation theory with four variables is presented to study the vibratory behavior of functionally graduated plates. The field of displacement of the theory used in this work is introduced indeterminate integral variables. In addition, the effect of porosity is studied. It is assumed that the material characteristics of the porous FGM plate, varies continuously in the direction of thickness as a function of the power law model in terms of volume fractions of constituents taken into account the homogeneous distribution of porosity. The equations of motion are obtained using the principle of virtual work. An analytical solution of the Navier type for free vibration analysis is obtained for a FGM plate for simply supported boundary conditions. A comparison of the results obtained with those of the literature is made to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present theory. It can be concluded from his results that the current theory is not only accurate but also simple for the presentation of the response of free vibration and the effect of porosity on the latter.