• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 1985

To evaluate the significance of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ in patients with various liver diseases, serum $\beta_2m$ levels were measured in 44 cases of normal controls, 32 cases of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and 134 patients with various liver diseases, by radioimmunoassay using Phadebas $Beta_2-micro$ test kits. The following results were obtained: 1) The mean level of serum $\beta_2m$ was $1.39{\pm}0.25mg/l(Mean{\pm}S.D.)$ in normal controls ($1.39{\pm}0.23mg/l$ in 24 males, $1.38{\pm}0.27mg/l$ in 20 females). 2) The serum levels of $\beta_2m$ in patients with various liver diseases and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers were as follows; $1.40{\pm}0.27mg/l$ in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, $2.42{\pm}0.37mg/l$ in 45 patients with acute viral hepatitis, $2.10{\pm}0.26mg/l$ in 46 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, $2.60{\pm}0.34mg/l$ in 23 patients with chronic active hepatitis, and $2.60{\pm}0.49mg/l$ in 20 patients with liver cirrhosis. Serum $\beta_2m$ levels of each disease group were significantly higher than that of normal controls(p<0.001). 3) There was significant correlation between the levels of serum $\beta_2m$ and the degrees of lymphocytic infiltration in patients with chronic active hepatitis(p<0.001). 4) Significant correlations were observed between the levels of serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ and serum alanine aminotransferase(r=0.68, p<0.05) and bilirubin(r=0.63, p<0.05) in 15 patients with acute viral hepatitis. In conclusion, the serum $beta_2-microglobulin$ levels were increased in patients with various liver diseases, and it may serve as a new index of liver disease activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2016

Pexa-Vec (JX-594)은 암특이적 암용해 면역치료제인 백시니아 바이러스이다. 본 연구의 목적은 Pexa-Vec의 안정성을 극대화하기 위한 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 단기안정성 실험에서 바이러스의 활성은 4℃와 실온에서 감소하였으나, 초음파처리와 회전처리로 완전히 회복되었다. Pexa-Vec의 장기안정성 시험은 (A) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, (B) 30 mM Tris/pH 8.6, (C) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, 150 mM NaCl, 15% sucrose, (D) 30 mM Tris/pH 7.6, 15% sucrose, (E) 30 mM Tris/pH 8.6, 15% sucrose 조건 하에서 수행하였다. 제형 A는 4℃에서 4-8주 후, 실온에서 1주일 후에 2로그 이하로 바이러스활성이 감소되었다. 반면 제형 B의 경우 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스 활성이3일 후 감소되는 것으로 관찰되어 중성 산도가 바이러스 안정성을 유지하는데 필수적이다. 제형A에 15%의 슈크로즈 수크로오스를 추가했을 때(제형D), −20℃, 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스성 안정성이 크게 증가 하였고, 제형 E (pH 7.6)에서 다시 한번 확인되었다. 제형 D (pH 7.6)에 150 mM 염화나트륨을 추가한 제형 C에서 바이러스 안전성을 증가시키는 슈크로즈 수크로오스 효과를 더욱 향상시켜, 4℃와 실온에서 바이러스 활성이 각각 1.5년과 1-2주 동안 유지되는 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 우리는 제형C가 항암 백시니아 바이러스를 적절히 저장하기 위한 충분한 조건을 제공할 수 있다고 제안한다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2015

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for approximately 350 million chronic infections worldwide and is a leading cause of broad-spectrum liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although it has been well established that adaptive immunity plays a critical role in viral clearance, the pathogenetic mechanisms that cause liver damage during acute and chronic HBV infection remain largely known. This review describes our current knowledge of the immune-mediated pathogenesis of HBV infection and the role of immune cells in the liver injury during hepatitis B.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

Gene therapy is to treat and cure diseases by an introduction of therapeutic genes in defective cells or tissues of human body. Gene delivery system, gene expression system, and therapeutic gene are three core elements for gene therapy. The efficient delivery of therapeutic genes and appropriate gene expression are the crucial issues for therapeutic outcome of gene delivery. Because it can be used in common for the treatment and cure of various diseases, gene delivery system is the most important core element for a successful gene therapy. Viruses are naturally evolved to transfer their genomes into host cells efficiently. This ability has made vectorologists exploit viruses as attractive vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic genes. Viral vectors based on adenovirus (Ad) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) have been often used for gene delivery in laboratory. Ad and AAV vectors derived from human DNA viruses differ greatly in their life cycle, expression level and duration of transgenes, immunogenicity, and vector preparation. Both vectors can be used as effective tools for gene therapy and more recently in functional genomics. Here, the characteristics of Ad and AAV vectors are discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.889-899
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• 2018

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly unorthodox proteins that do not form three-dimensional structures under physiological conditions. The discovery of IDPs has destroyed the classical structure-function paradigm in protein science, 3-D structure = function, because IDPs even without well-folded 3-D structures are still capable of performing important biological functions and furthermore are associated with fatal diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and viral pandemics. Pre-structured motifs (PreSMos) refer to transient local secondary structural elements present in the target-unbound state of IDPs. During the last two decades PreSMos have been steadily acknowledged as the critical determinants for target binding in dozens of IDPs. To date, the PreSMo concept provides the most convincing structural rationale explaining the IDP-target binding behavior at an atomic resolution. Here we present a brief developmental history of PreSMos and describe their common characteristics. We also provide a list of newly discovered PreSMos along with their functional relevance.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.580-583
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• 2016

The cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is one of the most devastating pathogens of cotton. This malady, known as cotton blue disease, is widespread in South America where it causes huge crop losses. Recently the disease has been reported from India. We noticed occurrence of cotton blue disease and chickpea stunt disease in adjoining cotton and chickpea fields and got interested in knowing if these two viral diseases have some association. By genetic studies, we have shown here that CLRDV is very close to chickpea stunt disease associated virus (CpSDaV). We were successful in transmitting the CLRDV from cotton to chickpea. Our studies indicate that CpSDaV and CLRDV in India are possibly two different strains of the same virus. These findings would be helpful in managing these serious diseases by altering the cropping patterns.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand the identity, functional characteristics and therapeutic targets of the virus and the diseases, appropriate infection models that recapitulate the in vivo pathophysiology of the viral infection are necessary. This article reviews the various infection models, including Vero cells, human cell lines, organoids, and animal models, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. This knowledge will be helpful for establishing an efficient system for defense against emerging infectious diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2002

Background: It is axiomatic that average life span is prolonged in proportion to the advance of socio-economic improvements and medical science. Consequently, the number of elderly patients with skin diseases is increasing. Objective: This study was performed to examine the patterns of skin diseases in elderly patients that had visited Dongguk Oriental Medical hospital, Dept. of Dermatology. We also compared these patients to the young generational groups. Methods: We studied 67 elderly patients with complaints of skin diseases who had visited our hospital from March 2000 to February 2002. We analysed their skin diseases and compared them with the younger group's. Results: The results were as follows; 1. The common disease groups were eczema(32.8$\%$); pruritus(23.9$\%$); viral infections (13.4$\%$); psoriasis(9.0$\%$); fungal infections and urticaria(6.0$\%$). 2. The disorders prevalent in men were eczema(30.0$\%$); herpes zoster & pruritus(23.3$\%$); fungal infection(13.3$\%$); psoriasis (3.3$\%$); melasma(6.7$\%$). 3. The common diseases of women's group were observed in the following order; eczema(35.l$\%$); pruritus(24.3$\%$); psoriasis(13.5$\%$); urticaria(10.8$\%$); other dermatoses(8.1$\%$); herpes zoster(5.4$\%$). 4. The most frequent skin disease for those in their 50's was eczema(32.3$\%$); 60's, pruritus(36.8$\%$); 70's, eczema(50.0); and over eighties., eczema and pruritus(40.0$\%$). Conclusion: This study suggests that dermatologic problems in the elderly are very common, especially eczema, pruritus. It is a very different pattern from the younger group's. And we have to better consider more effective management and treatment for them; especially further dermatologic studies including substantial medical care. Usually Oriental medicine is good at treating chronic diseases and less harmful. So we expect it to be generally better for elderly patients than western medicine.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2017

During 2012 to 2014, a survey for the presence of viral diseases in yam plants was carried out in a field of the Institute for Bioresources Research in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. A total of 88 leaf samples were collected and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using specific primer sets. Eighty-one samples were positive for Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (ChYNMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Japanese yam mosaic virus (JYMV), and Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV), whereas Yam mosaic virus (YMV) was not detected. Additionally, seven samples were negative for all viruses. Several samples exhibited mixed (double and triple) infections. Three viruses (CMV, JYMV, and YMMV) were detected for the first time in yam plants in Korea. A BLAST search showed that three viruses shared nucleotide identities with CMV-Ca (98%), JYMV-O2 (91%), and YMMV-TG_NH_1 (86%). Thus, our findings confirmed that yam plants cultivated in Korea were infected with multiple viruses with three of these viruses reported for the first time in Korea.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1999

Results of the studies on the morphologic and molecular biologic characteristics of Hantaan virus (HTNV), one of the etiologic agents of Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), revealed that HTNV was a member of Family Bunyaviridae and its RNA divided into three segments. And the nucleotide sequences of these segments also were known and the differences in nucleotide sequences of HTNV from other members of genus Hantavirus were clearly evaluated. But the morphorgenesis, pathogenesis of HFRS and the replication time had not been clearly determined. In this study, to estimate the replication time of HTNV in Vero E-6 cells, Vero cells were infected with HTNV 76/118 strain, and cells were harvested from two hours post-infection up to 24 hours at two hours-intervals. Harvested cells were treated with ordinary techniques for electron microscopy and immune-electron microscopy. And then thin sections were observed under transmission electron microscope. HTNV particles were not found in the cytoplasm and in the extracellular space between $2{\sim}8$ hours after inoculation of virus, but virus particles were observed in extracellular space near the cell membrane of Vero-E6 cells 10 hours after infection. In immune electron microscopy, mature HTNV particles in extracellular spaces and immature virus labelled with gold particles in the cytoplasm of Vero E-6 cell 10 hours after infection of HTNV could be seen. This results suggest that the replication time of HTNV might be about 10 hours.