• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2019

Through the criticism and evaluation of different classes teaching the same lesson topic, this study compared the viewpoints by two ways between two groups including pre-service and experienced teachers. Through free-style criticism, this study analyzed the differences between pre-service and experienced teachers' areas of attention. Through criteria-based analysis, the study analyzed the judgement of each area and the criteria of each judgement. The results of the study found that pre-service teachers criticised more limited areas, but somewhat more positive than their experienced teacher counterparts. Also, pre-service teachers did not observe thoroughly whether or not the teacher was well-informed of the science content, the sequence of curriculum, and whether or not meaningful interaction had occurred. As well as, pre-service teachers were not actually feel importance of student-oriented lessons, and they could not look room and materials are useful to students on students' sides. Additionally, pre-service teachers thought highly of lessons which were connected to other subjects rather than connected to daily life. Therefore, to notice diverse areas in the class, pre-service teachers need to criticise lessons using a diverse criterion. Also, pre-service teachers realized simple questions and that mechanical group activities are not always effective and that they need to think how to improve meaningful interaction. Moreover, they have to perceive that an inquiry-oriented student-lead approach is very important. Lastly, pre-service teachers have to closely consider the room efficiency and materials available to the students, and they must internalize that science class has to be connected with daily life.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

This study saw developed to build a landscape monitoring methodology by simulation of landscape effect prediction. A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. The viewpoint for judging the change in the visual landscape of the development plan and development project should be selected as the effective point where the development project is expected to result in a remarkable landscape change. As for the method of selecting effective viewpoints, the main viewpoints are selected by analyzing the visible area of the target viewpoint. When selecting the viewpoint centered on the viewpoint target, it was judged that it is possible to reduce the procedure of selecting and checking the existing preliminary viewpoints and widening the effective visible range. The proposed visual landscape monitoring is expected to be able to solve the existing institutional problems, and to be used when the implementers and authors of the development projects review the effects on the landscape.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2024

It is widely recognized that for 3D human pose estimation (HPE), dataset acquisition is expensive and the effectiveness of augmentation techniques of conventional visual recognition tasks is limited. We address these difficulties by presenting a simple but effective method that augments input images in terms of viewpoints when training a 3D human pose estimation (HPE) model. Our intuition is that meaningful variants of the input images for HPE could be obtained by viewing a human instance in the images from an arbitrary viewpoint different from that in the original images. The core idea is to synthesize new images that have self-occlusion and thus are difficult to predict at different viewpoints even with the same pose of the original example. We incorporate this idea into the training procedure of the 3D HPE model as an augmentation stage of the input samples. We show that a strategy for augmenting the synthesized example should be carefully designed in terms of the frequency of performing the augmentation and the selection of viewpoints for synthesizing the samples. To this end, we propose a new metric to measure the prediction difficulty of input images for 3D HPE in terms of the distance between corresponding keypoints on both sides of a human body. Extensive exploration of the space of augmentation probability choices and example selection according to the proposed distance metric leads to a performance gain of up to 6.2% on Human3.6M, the well-known pose estimation dataset.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1084-1096
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초등학교 초임교사의 과학수업에 대한 초등 교사들의 수업비평을 분석하여 교사들이 나타내는 수업비평의 관점과 특징을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상인 수업비평자들은 저경력과 고경력 초등교사를 포함하여 모두 6명이다. 비평의 대상이 된 수업은 초등학교 5학년 1학기 7단원 '식물의 잎이 하는 일'중 두 차시의 실험수업이다. 본 연구의 분석 결과, 교사들은 18개의 코드 중 다음 3가지 코드인 동기유발, 학생 중심의 탐구, 결과정리를 주요 관점으로 비평하고 있었다. 표준적인 체크리스트와 같은 요소별 비평을 하고 있으며, 부분상황적, 맥락적 특징을 드러내는 비평을 하고 있었다. 또한 저경력 교사들은 초임교사의 과학수업에 많은 공감을 나타냈으며, 자신의 초임시절 수업경험을 성찰하며 수업비평을 나타낸다. 그에 비해 고경력의 교사들은 자기 성찰, 상황해석이나 이해보다는 수업전반을 평가하려는 평가자의 입장이 우세하였다. 초등학교 과학수업에 대한 교사들의 수업비평 관점을 조사한 본 연구의 결과는 교사들의 과학수업에 대한 전문성 발달 프로그램 설정 및 교사교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2013

좋은 도시경관을 만들기 위해서는 경관분석의 역할이 매우 중요하다. 경관분석은 여러 단계를 거치게 되는데, 그 중 가장 기본이며 첫 단계가 조망점을 선정하는 것이다. 그동안 조망점 선정은 정성적인 기준에 따라 전문가들의 주관적 판단에 의해 선정되었는데, 이 과정에서 질 높은 조망점이 누락되거나 무시되기도 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 수치지형도 등의 데이터와 GIS 기술을 활용하여 경관분석의 기본이 되는 조망점 선정 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 주요 도로의 교차점, 쇼핑센터 등 주요 시설, 교량 및 육교, 오픈스페이스 등 조망점으로 선정될 수 있는 기준에 해당하는 지점을 각종 자료 및 GIS 기술을 이용하여 추출하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 도로대장의 도형정보와 속성정보 등 데이터와 질의(query), 중첩(overlay) 등의 기능을 적용하였다. 이와 같은 과정을 거쳐 선정된 예비조망점에 대하여 수치지형도의 표고점을 이용한 수치표고모델(DEM)을 구축한 후 시뮬레이션 과정을 통하여 조망점에서의 조망대상에 대한 차폐유무를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 기존의 방법에 비해 적은 시간과 비용을 투입하여 체계적인 조망점을 선정할 수 있었고, 선정된 각 조망점의 차폐도도 자동으로 분석할 수 있었다. 따라서, 1차적으로 GIS 기법을 이용한 조망점 분석 이후 전문가의 현장조사를 수반한다면 조망점 선정 및 분석 결과가 향상될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호
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• 제24권3호통권131호
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• pp.60-70
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• 1985

1. To the question, ''What is Philosophy of nursing?'' Two different groups will answer in two different ways. The answer may be given from the viewpoints either of traditional philosophy or of analytic philosophy. The former defines the philosophy of nur

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1127-1130
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• 2008

Integral imaging is a three-dimensional display technique which has 100 years of history. The method is characterized by offering full parallax, almost-continuous viewpoints and easiness of moving picture display. In this paper, the history of the method is briefly explained and overview of its current status is provided.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Nowadays we can take a physical examination during pregnancy by various and advanced technology instruments. But there were no instruments in old times, so the ancient doctors examined symptoms and pulse of a pregnant woman. Therefore it is very important to comprehend the pulse in Oriental medicine. Fetus and mother are connected with the umbilical cord, and they interact with each other. Especially, symptoms and pulse of mother change during the formation of fetus. On account of being easy to study the changes of pulse from pregnant woman, it is important to know the formation of fetus. In Western medicine, the Buddhist scriptures and Oriental medicine mentioned about the formation of fetus. Because of different viewpoints, the choice of words and formative methods are differ from field to field. Western medicine calls the formation of fetus 'development', the Buddhist scriptures call it 'Ru-tai', and oriental medicine calls it 'Yang-tai'. In spite of the different viewpoints, they have supplementary explanations to study fetus. As a result, we can understand the reasons why pregnancy pulse cannot help changing from month to month.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.381-403
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• 1998

As a researcher engaged in the mathematical education, mathematics teachers are interested in instructional methods. While it is unlikely that the viewpoints of individual mathematics teachers are reflected in making decisions on instructional purposes and instructional contents, a good many parts of instructional methods on mathematical facts are decided by individual teachers. This means that the role of mathematics teachers is given much weight in the mathematical education. Therefore, the mathematics teachers must not be excluded in all parts of the study of mathematical education. We studied the instructional methods of function concept, a central topic in school mathematics from the following perspectives. First, we examined the characteristics of the three(correspondence-centered, middle, dependence centered) viewpoints about the essence of function concept. And we should that which of them should be the viewpoint of instruction of function concept in school mathematics. Second, we investigated the questions regarding the process of function instruction in school mathematics and presented alternative instruction methods of function concept to solve the questions. Third, we postulated the importance of polynomial function, relating college mathematics in order to present the reason why the polynomial function is importantly treated in functional instruction of school mathematics.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.119-141
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• 2014

기업과 같은 영리조직뿐만 아니라 비영리조직인 국가기관들도 조직의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 경영혁신의 일환으로 성과평가를 실시하고 있으며 도출된 성과평가 결과를 조직의 예산과 인사에 반영하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 향후 국립중앙도서관 정보화사업의 효율적 수행과 성과 제고를 위하여 성과지표 모형을 도출하고 도출된 성과지표를 기반으로 정보화사업을 평가하였다. 연구결과 도서관 정보시스템 운영, 디지털 정보자원 확충, 장애인 대체자료 공동활용 체계구축 사업별 2개의 관점에 따라 총 12개의 지표를 선정하였으며, 성과평가 및 중요도-만족도 분석(IPA: Importance-Performance Analysis) 결과를 기초로 개선방안을 제시하였다.