• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 천연 항균소재로 알려진 청미래덩굴의 잎, 뿌리, 싹과 줄기를 이용하여 청미래덩굴 추출물의 항균성과 망개떡의 저장성 향상에 관한 연구를 하였다. 시판 망개떡으로부터 미생물을 분리하였으며, 열처리 후 생균수를 측정함으로써 열에 저항성이 강한 식품의 주요 부패 미생물로 알려진 $Bacillus$속 균주가 망개떡 부패의 원인균주임을 확인할 수 있었고, 16S rRNA로 동정한 결과 $Bacillus$ $subtilis$ 균주가 우점종임을 확인하였다. 따라서 $Bacillus$ $subtilis$가 망개떡 부패를 유발하는 원인균주로 사료된다. 망개떡의 청미래잎, 떡피, 팥소 부위 중 떡피 부분에서 가장 많은 생균수를 확인 할 수 있었고, 열처리 후에는 망개떡의 팥소 부위에 가장 많은 미생물이 존재함을 확인할 수 있었다. 망개떡의 부패 지연을 위해 천연항균소재인 청미래 덩굴의 잎, 뿌리, 싹과 줄기를 에탄올로 추출한 후 농축하여 전분함유 식품의 주요 부패미생물로 알려져 있는 $Bacillus$ $cereus$를 피검균주로 하여 항균성을 조사한 결과, 뿌리에서 가장 높은 항균 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 청미래덩굴 뿌리 추출물의 농도가 높을수록 항균성이 우수하게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 뿌리 추출물 5%를 첨가하여 생육저해환의 직경을 확인한 결과 12.90 mm로 최대값을 나타내는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 망개떡의 팥소에 청미래덩굴 뿌리 추출물을 5% 첨가한 결과 시판 망개떡의 팥소에 비해 미생물의 생육이 현저하게 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 망개떡의 팥소에 청미래덩굴 추출물 5%를 첨가하여 망개떡을 제조한다면, 시판되는 망개떡의 저장기간과 유통과정에 있어서의 부패에 대한 문제점을 개선할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2008

스피루리나 고유의 색과 냄새로 인한 관능적 품질 저하를 개선하고, 영양성이 풍부하고 기능성이 뛰어난 스피루리나 첨가 요구르트를 개발하기 위하여 우유와 탈지분유에 스피루리나를 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%의 농도로 첨가하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 발효시킨 후 키위퓨레와 올리고당을 첨가하여 요구르트를 제조한 후 스피루리나 첨가량에 따른 이화학적, 미생물학적, 관능적 특성 및 기능성을 측정하였다. 스피루리나 첨가 농도가 높아질수록 pH 감소와 적정산도의 증가폭이 커졌으며, 점도 역시 스피루리나 첨가 농도가 증가할 수록 높아졌다. 생균수는 대조구가 $5.8{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, 스피루리나 0.25%. 0.5%, 1% 첨가구가 각각 $6.3{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, $1.5{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL, $3.4{\times}10^9$ CFU/mL로 스피루리나 첨가 농도가 높을수록 생균수가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. DPPH radical소거능 및 Hydroxyl radical 소거능에 대한 항산화 활성 역시 스피루리나 첨가량이 증가할수록 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 7점 척도법으로 관능검사 실시 결과 대조구가 4.7점, 스피루리나 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% 첨가구가 각각 5.2점, 4.0점, 3.7점으로 스피루리나 0.25% 첨가구의 기호도가 가장 높았다. 또는 시판제품과의 순위법 검사에서 스피루리나 0.25% 농도의 첨가구가 3위를 나타내 비교적 높은 기호도를 보였다. 요구르트의 영양성분을 분석한 결과 스피루리나 첨가구는 대조구에 비해 일반성분 중 열량, 탄수화물, 수분, 조회분, 조단백질은 유의적으로 높아졌다. 또한 무기질 중 Na, K, P, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al이 유의적으로 높아졌으며 Cd, Pb, Hg 등의 중금속은 검출되지 않았다. 이상과 같이 스피루리나를 0.25% 첨가하여 요구르트를 제조할 때 유산균의 생육 및 산 생성을 촉진시켰으며, 요구르트의 관능적인 면에서도 좋은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 여러 가지 유용한 생리 활성을 가지는 스피루리나는 새로운 기능성 요구르트의 개발에 있어서 좋은 천연물 소재로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2015

꽃게 조미소재, 야채, 천연조미료 등을 활용하면서, 편의성을 부여하기 위하여 꽃게풍미 볶음밥을 제조하였다. 꽃게풍미 볶음밥의 저장 중 품질변화를 조사하기 위해 -20, 4, $25^{\circ}C$에서 6주 동안 저장하면서 pH, 산도, 총균수, TBA, VBN, 관능적 기호도를 조사하였으며, 총균수 결과를 활용하여 볶음밥의 유통 기한을 예측하였다. pH 변화를 조사한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 pH는 7.74이었고 저장 6주에는 pH 7.76으로 나타나 저장 중 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 적정산도를 조사한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째에 0.4%이었고 저장 6주에는 0.4%로 거의 변화가 없었다. 반면, $4^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 저장 6주에는 각각 2.7%, 4.6%의 수준으로 나타났다. TBA 값을 측정한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장한 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 $1.07{\mu}g/g$이었고, 저장 6주까지 $1.39{\mu}g/g$으로 나타나 저장 중 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 휘발성염기질소를 조사한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째에 26.60 mg%이었고, 저장 6주에는 28.14 mg%로 나타나 신선도가 유지되는 것으로 사료되었다. $4^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 저장 6주에는 각각 65.15 mg%, 68.00 mg% 수준으로 나타났다. 총균수의 변화를 조사한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 저장 0주째 3.58 log CFU/g이었고 저장 6주째에는 4.11 log CFU/g으로 나타나 미생물변화는 안정적인 것으로 관찰되었다. 관능적 기호도를 조사한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장된 볶음밥의 경우 종합적 기호도의 변화를 보았을 때, 저장초기 7.8이었고 6주째에는 6.7으로 나타나 저장 기간 동안 처리구 중 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. $25^{\circ}C$의 경우 저장초기 7.5이었으나, 저장 6주째 1.0 수준의 평가를 받아 저장온도 및 저장기간 동안 가장 낮은 평가를 받았다. 미생물 결과를 토대로 볶음밥의 유통기한을 예측한 결과, $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장할 경우 14.9주, $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장할 경우 0.4주 인 것으로 각각 조사되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 꽃게풍미 볶음밥은 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 것이 미생물학적 및 관능적인 측면에서 저장성이 좋을 것으로 사료되었고, 편의식품화로서의 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2017

본 연구는 저지방 및 고단백 부위인 닭 가슴살을 백설탕, 황설탕, 조청, 프락토올리고당, 파인애플 농축액, 복분자 엑기스, 꿀 등 총 7종의 감미제를 사용한 침지용액에 각각 침지 처리 후 $50^{\circ}C$에서 9시간 건조하여 닭 가슴살 육포를 제조하고 이들의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 또한, 품질 특성이 우수한 닭 가슴살 육포를 선정하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 저장하며 대조군(돈 육포 및 우 육포)과 지방산패 속도를 비교하였다. 제조된 닭 가슴살 육포는 수분 22.5-25.0%, 조단백 41.0-46.6%, 조지방 0.4-1.0%로 저지방 고단백 식품임을 알 수 있었다. 닭 가슴살 육포 제조에 사용된 감미료의 종류는 육포의 pH 5.2-5.9, 총균수($2.5-6.2{\times}10^4CFU/g$) 및 수분활성도(0.744-0.812) 수준에 유의적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 수분활성도와 pH는 복분자 엑기스를 사용한 닭 가슴살 육포에서 가장 낮았으며 백설탕을 사용한 시료군에서 가장 높았다. 닭 가슴살 육포의 응집성, 탄력성, 씹힘성은 사용한 감미제의 종류에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으나(p<0.05) 경도와 검성에서는 유의적인 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, 관능평가 결과에서는 복분자 엑기스 시료군이 맛과 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 높게 평가되었다. 복분자 엑기스를 사용한 닭 가슴살 육포와 이와 동일한 방법으로 제조한 돈 육포와 우 육포를 대조군으로 하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 저장 시 돈 육포의 TBARS가 가장 빠르게 증가하여 저장 2주 후 98.03 MDA mg/kg, 우 육포의 경우 75.60 MDA mg/kg를 나타낸 반면, 복분자 엑기스 닭 가슴살 육포의 경우는 이보다 훨씬 낮은 58.30 MDA mg/kg 값을 나타내어 지방산패가 우 육포와 돈 육포에 비해 상당히 느리게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과로 닭 가슴살은 돈육과 우육에 비하여 산화안정성이 우수한 저지방-고단백 육포 제조에 바람직한 원료가 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 닭 가슴살 육포 제조 시 복분자 엑기스 침지용액을 사용함으로 낮은 수분활성도와 우수한 관능성을 가진 제품을 제조할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.389-398
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• 1985

치즈곤죽의 제조공정과 기간을 단축시키기 위해서 생치즈 커드를 제조하지 않고 Na-caseinates, cream, 여러가지 미량성분, 유산종균, 효소를 혼합하여 치즈곤죽을 제조하고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 매일 30초간 교반하면서 7일 동안 발효시킨 다음 치즈곤죽의 물리 화학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 수소이온 농도, 적정산도, 수용성 질소, 생균수, 활성 SH기, 총 휘발성산, 유리 지방산. 전기영동에 의한 단백질분해를 분석하였다. 유산균에 의한 산생성은 단백질분해효소를 첨가하지 않은 치즈곤죽보다 첨가한 치즈곤죽에서 더 잘발히 일어나 3일 후에는 PH를 4.90이하로 떨어뜨려 5N NaOH로 PH를 5.40으로 조정해 주었으며 이후에 pH는 약간 증가하였고, 적정산도의 변화는 pH변화와 비슷한 경향을 보여주었다. 단백짙분해효소를 첨가하지 많은 치즈곤죽은 발효가 끝났을 때 총 질소의 약 40%가 수용성 질소로 되었으나 효소를 첨가한 치즈곤죽은 70%정도의 단백질이 수용성 질소로 분해되었다. 사용한 유산종균. 즉 Streptococcus lactis와 treptococcus cremoris에 의한 단백질 분해는 Cheddar치즈에서와 같이 as-casein이 $\beta$-casein보다 먼저 분해되며, 첨가한 단백질분해호소는 $\alpha$-casein과$\beta$-casein을 모두 활발히 분해 시켜 3일이 지나면 모든 단백질이 펩타이드와 아미노산으로 되었다. 단백질 분해효소를 첨가한 치즈곤죽에서는 쓴맛 펩타이드가 형성되었다가 사라짐을 관찰할수 있었다. 한편 지질분해효소를 침가할 경우 총 휘발성산이 4일 이후에 급격히 증가함을 통해 사용한 효소는 유지방을 잘 분해함을 알 수 있었으며 GLC에 의한 유리 지방산의 분석 결과는 Cheddar치즈곤죽은 시판Cheddar 치즈와 비슷하고 Italian형 치즈곤죽은 시판 Italian치즈보다 약간 떨어졌다. Cheddar치즈의 중요한 품미성분인 활성 SH기는 glutathione을 첨가한 치즈곤죽에서 발효 4일부터 증가하였으며 단백질분해효소를 함께 첨가할 경우 그 증가현상이 현저하였다. 단백질분해요소의 첨가유무에 따라 점도 변화는 다른 두 가지 양상으로 나타나 효소를 첨가할 경우 단백질이 분해됨에 따라 점도가 급격히 감소하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

항산화활성 및 저장성 특히 돼지고기의 소화 향상 등 양념돈육의 저장성과 기능성 증진 방안을 모색하고자 산사와 현초 추출물의 돼지고기 양념에 이용 가능성을 검토한 결과 양념 소스에 산사를 이용할 경우 명도와 적색도가 증가되었으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 현초 첨가구 92.97%, 산사 첨가구 89.79%, 혼합첨가구 86.67%를 나타내었다. 산사 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 총균수가 낮았으며, 대장균군과 효모와 곰팡이는 각 처리구 공히 검출되지 않았다. 색에서 산사 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 기호성을 나타내었다. 양념돈육 저장 15일째에 총균수는대조구 5.04, 현초 처리구 4.59, 산사 처리구 3.88 그리고 혼합 처리구 4.38 log CFU/g이었으며, 산사 처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 대장균군수는 대조구의 경우 저장 25일째에 1.0 log CFU/g 이하의 균수를 나타내었으나, 현초, 산사 그리고 혼합 처리구에서는 저장 10일째부터 검출되지 않았다. 산사와 현초를 이용한 돈육양념은 저장 중 양념돈육의 지방 산패 억제는 뚜렷하였으나 VBN 함량은 대조구에 비해 뚜렷한 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 가열 감량은 저장기간 동안 모든 처리구에서 증가하였으며, 보수력은 저장 10일까지 증가하다가 그 후 감소하였다. 산사 첨가 양념으로 처리한 양념돈육의 명도, 적색도, 황색도는 대조구에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 관능검사 맛에서 타 처리구에 비해 뚜렷하게 양호하였다. 산사와 현초를 돈육양념에 적용한 결과 산사의 단독처리가 가장 우수하였으며, 양념돈육의 저장성과 보수력 증진, 지방 산패의 억제, 육색의 개선 등의 효과를 나타내었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2011

날치 알과 이의 대체 어란인 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 안전성과 식품성분 특성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 날치 알의 크기는 열빙어 알 및 청어 알에 비하여 컸다. 날치 알의 수분 함량과 염도는 페루산이 중국산에 비하여 수분의 경우 높으나 염도의 경우 낮았고, 인도네시아산에 비하여는 수분의 경우 낮았으나, 염도의 경우 높았다. 한편, 기타 어란의 수분 함량과 염도는 열빙어 알의 경우 각각 80.4% 및 3.2%, 청어알의 경우 각각 65.4% 및 20.0%를 나타내었다. pH, 휘발성염기질소, 중금속, 생균수 및 대장균군의 결과에 의하면 이들 5종의 어란의 경우 여러 가지 가공소재로 이용하여도 위생적인 문제는 없으리라 판단되었다. 어란의 주요 지방산은 날치 알의 경우 16:0(27.8-30.5%), 18:1n-9(7.2-8.0%), 20:5n-3(5.6-8.2%) 및 22:6n-3(22.0-25.6%)이었고, 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 경우 이외에도 16:1n-7(6.7-9.3%)이었다. 어란의 총아미노산 함량은 9.44-10.39 g/100g 범위이었고, 주요 아미노산은 asparticacid, glutamic acid, leucine 및 lysine이었다. 날치 알의 무기질 함량은 인도네시아산의 아연을 제외한다면 열빙어 알 및 청어 알의 무기질 함량보다 높았다. 관능 검사 결과에 의하면 열빙어 알과 청어 알에 비하여 날치 알이 색과 조직감에서는 우수하였으나, 향은 차이가 없었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.