• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4313-4318
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• 2016

Background: This study documented the performance of providers of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) at primary health centers, assessing their compliance with the VIA skills checklist and determinants of non-compliance, and exploring their perceptions of VIA training sessions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among VIA providers in the $Mekn\grave{e}s$-Tafilalet region of Morocco. Structured observation of their performance was conducted through supervisory visits and multiple focus group discussions (FGDs). Results: Performance of all the recommended steps for effective communication was observed in a low proportion of procedures (36.4%). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than general practitioners (GPs) (p<0.001). All recommended steps for VIA examination were performed for a high proportion of procedures (82.5%). Compliance was higher among midwives/nurses than among GPs (p<0.001) and among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). For pre-VIA counselling, all recommended steps were performed for only 36.8% of procedures. For post-VIA counseling, all recommended steps were performed in a high proportion (85.5% for VIA-negative and 85.1% for VIA-positive women). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than GPs when advising VIA-positive women (p=0.009). All infection prevention practices were followed for only 14.2% of procedures, and compliance was higher among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). Most FGD participants were satisfied with the content of VIA training sessions. However, they suggested periodic refresher training and supportive supervision. Conclusions: Quality assurance of a cervical cancer screening program is a key element to ensure that the providers perform VIA correctly and confidently.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2004

In this paper, the implementation and embedding method of the existing air-filled waveguide-filters at millimeter-wave on general PCB substrate is introduced by systematically inserting the vias inside waveguide and mathematically manipulating the simple equations obtained ken the classical circular-post waveguide filter design. All the metal structures placed vertically such as side wall fur perfect ground plane and circular-post for signal control in the air-filled WR-22 waveguide are replaced with several types of via for constructing the bandpass-filter. Side wall and poles inside waveguide are realized by placing a series array of via and tuning the via diameter. The lengths of x, y, z axis are reduced in proportion to root square of employed substrate dielectric constant and especially the length of z axis can be more reduced due to the characteristics of the wave propagation. Because the mass production on PCB is possible without fabricating a large-scaled metal waveguide of WR-22 as input/output ports at millimeter-wave regime, the manufacturing cost is reduced considerably. Finally, when using multilayer process like LTCC for small-sized module, it is one of advantages to use only one layer f3r the filter fabrication. To evaluate the validity of this novel technique, order-3 Chebyshev BPF(Bandpass-Filter) centered at 40 GHz-band with a 2.5 ％ FBW (Fractional Bandwidth) were used. The employed substrate has relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 10 mil of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. Accroding to design and measurement results, a good performance of insertion loss of 2 ㏈ and return loss of -30 ㏈ is achieved at full input/output ports.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2024

Modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) characteristics and performance were investigated via post treatment using different oxidants. sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and potassium persulfate (KPS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) results revealed no structural differences after post treatment. Cross-sectional micrographs show finger-like structures at the outer and inner walls of the HFMs and sponge-like structures in middle, where NaOCl and KPS post treated fibers exhibited a decrease in finger-like structures in addition to aggregates appearing on the surface, consequently leading to an increase in the surface roughness (Ra) from 48 nm to 52.8nm and 56 nm, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide post treatment only was observed to decrease the water contact angle from 98° to 81.4°. It was also observed that the elongation at break and the modulus deceased after NaOCl post treatment from 34.5 to 28.5% and from 19.3 Mpa to 16.6 Mpa, respectively. Moreover, pure water flux after H₂O₂ post treatment increased from 87.8 LMH/bar to 113 LMH/bar at 0.45 bar, while no changes were detected for the methylene blue dye rejection (74%) between raw and hydrogen peroxide post treated fibers at the same pressure. According to the findings hydrogen peroxide post treated PVDF HFMs have the most uniform surfaces, with almost no alterations in structural and mechanical properties or porosities with enhanced hydrophilicity and pure water flux maintaining appropriate rejection. Therefore, it is considered an efficient surface modifying agent for UF/NF membranes or low-pressure separators.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2018

This paper studies thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of functionally graded materials (FGM) tubes subjected to a uniform temperature rise and resting on elastic foundations via a refined beam model. Compared to the Timoshenko beam theory, the number of unknowns of this model are the same and no correction factors are required. The material properties of the FGM tube vary continuously in the radial direction according to a power function. Two ends of the tube are assumed to be simply supported and in-plane boundary conditions are immovable. Energy variation principle is employed to establish the governing equations. A two-step perturbation method is adopted to determine the critical thermal buckling loads and post-buckling paths of the tubes with arbitrary radial non-homogeneity. Through detailed parametric studies, it can be found that the tube has much higher buckling temperature and post-buckling strength when it is supported by an elastic foundation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.120-130
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• 2014

The present study aimed to find out the most effective instructional method for illustration to aid the $21^{st}$-century post digital generation learners in their education. Although the literature discusses government-led enactment and revision of educational policy and curriculums and research reports by the Ministry of Education and other government agencies as well as many other research articles deal with futuristic instructional methods, the instructional methods in practice have not fully changed yet. Illustration is a means of visual communication and a subject that best represent 'expressionism' and 'speed' of the post digital generation. The present study exemplifies instructional methods to establish the need for lesson plans that best suit individuality of students and for re-training instructors. Also, the feedback process with students proved that the post digital generation learned Photoshop quickly and improved creativity via image synthesis even in short-term instructions. The present findings can be possibly used as reference data for instructional methods for illustration using digital media that best suits learners of the post digital generation. This being said, further studies should delve into specific instructional methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.419-432
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• 2023

This paper studies the effects of porosity distributions on buckling and post-buckling behaviors of a functionally graded saturated porous (FGSP) circular plate. The plate is under the uniformly distributed radial loading and simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. Pores are saturated with compressible fluid (e.g., gases) that cannot escape from the porous solid. Elastic modulus is assumed to vary continuously through the thickness according to three different functions corresponding to three different cases of porosity distributions, including monotonous, symmetric, and asymmetric cases. Governing equations are derived utilizing the classical plate theory and Sanders nonlinear strain-displacement relations, and they are solved numerically via shooting method. Results are verified with the known results in the literature. The obtained results for the monotonous and symmetric cases with the asymmetric case presented in the literature are shown in comparative figures. Effects of the poroelastic material parameters, boundary conditions, and thickness change on the post-buckling behavior of the plate are discussed in details. The results reveal that buckling and post-buckling behaviors of the plate in the monotonous and symmetric cases differ from the asymmetric case, especially in small deflections, that asymmetric distribution of elastic moduli can be the cause.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.349-367
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• 2022

In this research, an approach combining a semi-analytical method and an analytical method is presented to investigate the static and dynamic post-buckling behavior of the sandwich functionally graded (FG) porous cylindrical shells exposed to external pressure. The sandwich cylindrical shell considered is composed of a viscoelastic core and two FG porous (FGP) face layers. The viscoelastic core is made of Kelvin-Voigt-type material. The material properties of the FG porous face layer are considered continuous through each face thickness according to a porosity coefficient and a volume fraction index. Two types of sandwich FG porous viscoelastic cylindrical shells named Type A and Type B are considered in the research. Type A shell has the porosity evenly distributed across the thickness direction, and Type B has the porosity unevenly distributes across the thickness direction. The FG face layers are considered in two cases: outside metal surface, inside ceramic surface (OMS-ICS), and inside metal surface, outside ceramic surface (IMS-OCS). According to Donnell shell theory, von-Karman equation, and Galerkin's method, a discretized nonlinear governing equation is derived for analyzing the behavior of the shells. The explicit expressions for static and dynamic critical buckling loading are thus developed. To study the dynamic buckling of the shells, the governing equation is examined via a numerical approach implementing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. With a procedure presented by Budiansky-Roth, the critical load for dynamic post-buckling is obtained. The effects of various parameters, such as material and geometrical parameters, on the post-buckling behaviors are investigated.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2019

This research is devoted to study post-buckling analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) micro plate with cut out subjected to magnetic field and resting on elastic medium. The basic formulation of plate is based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the material properties of FG-CNTRCs are presumed to be changed through the thickness direction, and are assumed based on rule of mixture; moreover, nonlocal Eringen's theory is applied to consider the size-dependent effect. It is considered that the system is embedded in elastic medium and subjected to longitudinal magnetic field. Energy approach, domain decomposition and Rayleigh-Ritz methods in conjunction with Newton-Raphson iterative technique are employed to trace the post-buckling paths of FG-CNTRC micro cut out plate. The influence of some important parameters such as small scale effect, cut out dimension, different types of FG distributions of CNTs, volume fraction of CNTs, aspect ratio of plate, magnitude of magnetic field, elastic medium and biaxial load on the post-buckling behavior of system are calculated. With respect to results, it is concluded that the aspect ratio and length of square cut out have negative effect on post-buckling response of micro composite plate. Furthermore, existence of CNTs in system causes improvement in the post-buckling behavior of plate and different distributions of CNTs in plate have diverse response. Meanwhile, nonlocal parameter and biaxial compression load on the plate has negative effect on post-buckling response. In addition, imposing magnetic field increases the post-buckling load of the microstructure.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.223-226
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• 2024

Percutaneous techniques for femoral arterial access are increasingly being performed due to advances in endovascular cerebral procedures, as they provide a less morbid and minimally invasive approach than open procedures. Common complications associated with this peripheral puncture include hematoma, bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, retroperitoneal bleeding, inadvertent venous puncture, dissection, etc. The retrograde femoral access is currently the most frequently used arterial access as it is technically straightforward, allows for the use of larger size sheaths and catheters, allows repeated attempts, etc. Although being technically less challenging, grave complications can occur due to hardware failure. Here, we present a case of unruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm, who underwent uneventful diagnostic cerebral digital substraction angiography (DSA) via right femoral artery route on first attempt, but on second attempt for therapeutic intervention, landed up with stuck guide wire and faced decannulation difficulty due to unravelling of guide wire and multiple knot formation, which was finally removed after multiple attempts at pulling and improvised manoeuvres. Such cannulation and decannulation difficulties have been reported multiple times for central venous access, but extremely rarely for femoral routes, making this case a rarity and worth reporting.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1151-1152
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• 2015

Silicon zinc oxide (SZO) thin films were deposited via co-sputtering. Two kinds of post-treatment, furnace annealing and hot pressing, were carried out on the deposited SZO films. The effects of the post-treatment on the chemical bond and surface roughness of the deposited SZO films were analyzed as functions of the post-treatment conditions that were used. It was observed from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results that the amount of Si-O bonds in the SZO film drastically increased after the low-temperature furnace annealing. The experiment results showed that the hot pressing method would be favorable as it could improve the electrical characteristics of the SZO-TFTs.