• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

The food and nutrition system is a network of processes linking agriculture, food, eating, nutrition, and health. The system includes a series of nine stages (production, processing, distribution, acquisition, preparation, consumption, digestion, transport, and utilization) and two types of contexts (biophysical and sociocultural). Analysis of whole food and nutrition systems provides information about the structure and processes involved in the complete scope of food and nutrition, assisting in the identification of ″upstream″ influences and ″downstream″ consequences in the system. The current analysis gathered existing data about the food and nutrition system in South Korea from public sources and professional publications, and interpreted that information to consider how different elements of the system contribute to health. The findings revealed that South Korea has substantial domestic food production and processing supplemented by imports, widespread food distribution in markets and a growing number of Korean and Western restaurants, a relatively low percentage of household income spent on food, growing use of new food preparation methods such as microwave ovens, a rice/vegetable/fish based three-meal consumption pattern, few recorded digestive problems, increasing calorie storage as body fat, and a relatively low chronic disease prevalence compared to other developed societies. Examination of the full scope of the food and nutrition system provides a broad perspective using whole system thinking that can identify potential strategies for future research and intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.62-67
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• 2002

Energy conversion soda-lime-silica glasses doped with Eu3+ were produced and they were used to build small scale modules of $100\times100cm$ simulating the roof of glass house with which the rearing state of a small number of young and grown vegetables was observed. The vegetables selected for the study were eggplant, kale, and pimento. The width and length of their leaves along with the photosynthesized ability and chlorophyl content were measured to observe the growing state of the vegetables in the given periods of time. It was found that the vegetables grown under the photo-conversion glass made panels had higher values of the leaf width and length by 5 to 30% than them under the commercially available ordinary glass panels depending on the kind of vegetables. The photosynthesized abilities were also shown much higher for the vegetables under the conversion glass panels than for the non-conversion ones.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2010

Chenopodium album Linne (CAL) is a fast-growing weedy annual plant. The leaves and young shoots may be eaten as a leafy vegetable. In oriental medicine, CAL has been used for treatment of skin disease, fever, stomach ache, toothache, and paralysis. After a preliminary screening of CAL ethanol extract and its fractions obtained from CAL leaves for anti-gastritic and anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) activity, the butanol (BuOH) fraction was found to have the most significant effect. We also examined antioxidative properties of the total CAL extract and its fractions, and also betaine as an ingredient of the BuOH fraction. To investigate the antioxidant effects of CAL on gastritis, the reducing power, free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid peroxidation effects were determined. Additionally, the BuOH fraction reduced cell viability in a concentration dependent manner in human gastric cancer cell lines. The results of this study revealed that CAL has excellent antioxidant activity, and may be useful in treating gastritis and gastric cancer.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.764-768
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• 2012

Local names of weedy melons, growing as wild-ecotype along the southern and western coasts, and around Jeju island in Korea were collected. The collected local names ranked in frequency in descending order of Gaetongchamoe, Jurae, Juloe, Toloe, Joronge, Jureongge, Tongoe, Jorange, Dolchamoe, Tongchamoe, Ganjeolgui, and Jwibangulchamoe. Gaetongchamoe, Juloe, Toloe, Jureongge, Tongoe, Jorange, Dolchamoe, Tongchamoe were the words derived from natural habitats of the weedy melons, and Jurae, Jorongge, Kare derived from usage as playing toys.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.273-277
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• 2003

Salicornia herbacea is an annual herb growing in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. Salicornia herbacea has been used as a fork medicine as well as a seasoned vegetable. In fork medicine, Salicornia herbacea has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as constipation, obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and cancer. However, the biological mechanisms for these activities have not been characterized, nor the active components. The immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea components were studied in the present study. The components of Salicornia herbacea were prepared from the whole plant by passage through a fine screen, and then dialyzed against PBS overnight. Immunomodulatory activities of the Salicornia herbacea components were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The Salicornia herbacea components were shown to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and expression of surface molecules in a dose dependent manner. The Salicornia herbacea components also induced further differentiation of slightly adherent RAW 264.7 cell into strongly adherent macrophages. These results indicate that Salicornia herbacea contains immunomodulator(s) that induces activation of macrophages.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.A
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• pp.77-83
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• 2007

In this research, we have selected the region of Jawoon river that is the area of high land vegetable growing in the upper Soyang Reservoir and we have observed actual floating materials that generate negative nutrition and turbidity of the Reservoir water and the changes of water quality by raining of each month for one year of 2005 in order to monitor the relationship of pollution sources by the outflow of rain water. In addition, we also have conducted statistical inspection methods such as correlation analysis and regression analysis on strength of raining force and rain continuance time among the elements affecting the outflow of floating materials.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.B
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• pp.221-227
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• 2007

This research investigates the turbidity and flow of river for an year, 2005, in order to examine the relation of the generation of turbidity according to the outflow of min water. For this research, the region of Jawoon river where is the area of high land vegetable growing in the upper Soyang Reservoir is selected to observe actual floating materials that generate negative nutrition and turbidity of the Reservoir water and the changes of water quality by raining of each month. In addition, the researcher has conducted statistical inspection methods, such as correlation analysis and regression analysis on strength of raining force, and rain continuance time among the elements affecting the outflow of floating materials.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2018

Crepidiastrum sonchifolium, a flowering plant in the daisy family (Asteraceae), is native to East Asia. In Korea, this plant is a locally cultivated vegetable, and its market size is gradually growing. Since the plants with downy mildew infection were initially found at a private farm of Chuncheon city, the occurrences have continued in commercial farms of other regions, highlighting that this disease is spreading throughout Korea. The pathogen was attributed to a member of the genus Bremia that contains many specialized species, each of which displays a narrow host spectrum on Asteraceae. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, along with the high host specificity recently proven for Bremia species, the identity of the causal agent was confirmed as a so far undescribed species of Bremia. Here, we introduce Bremia itoana sp. nov., specific to C. sonchifolium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.622-633
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• 2018

Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 cm diameter ${\times}$ 22 cm high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.410-421
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• 2022

Objective: Two series of experiments were conducted to determine how the incremental levels of sodium metabisulfite (SMB)-treated fruit and vegetable discards (FVD) in diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows affect their performance and health. Methods: In Exp. 1, 36 Hanwoo heifers were stratified by age (13.3±0.83 mo) and initial body weight (305±19.7 kg), and divided randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 10%, or 20% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 110 d, including 20 d of adaptation. In Exp. 2, 24 multiparous Hanwoo cows were divided into three groups based on age (48.2±2.81 mo) and initial body condition score (2.64±0.33). Cows in each block were assigned randomly to one of three diets containing 0%, 11%, or 22% SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis). The experiment lasted 80 d, including a 20-d adaptation period. In both experiments, SMB-treated FVD was used as a replacement for wet brewers grain in total mixed ration (TMR). Results: Growing heifers exhibited no differences in their daily feed intake (6.58±0.61 kg/d dry matter [DM]), average daily gain (0.60±0.07 kg/d), and body condition score when they consumed the incremental levels of SMB-treated FVD. Although most blood metabolites were unaffected by treatments, blood urea-N and β-hydroxybutyrate levels decreased linearly as the SMB-treated FVD level increased in TMR. Similar to Exp. 1, minor differences were found in daily feed intake (8.27±0.72 kg DM/d) and body condition score of Hanwoo cows. Most blood metabolites remained unaffected by treatments, but blood urea-N decreased as the SMB-treated FVD level in TMR increased. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SMB-treated FVD could be safely incorporated into the diet of Hanwoo heifers and cows, potentially improving N-use efficiency in the body while not impairing performance or health.