• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1998

Purpose : The study for changes in components and acitvities of Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature is generally regarded as a foundation in setting the optimum heat-processing temperature and for getting the maximum activities for medical usage of this herb. Methods: Therefore some experiments were performed either in vitro or in vivo and various changes were observed - the changes in the weitht of Artemisiae Herba, the changes in the relative amount of three kinds of extracts from Artemisiae Herba ( diluted ethanol extract, water extract, ether extract ), the TLC pattern of essential oil at various processing temperature, the existance of inhibitory effects both on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities, and on heat-induced hemolysis, the effects on increased vascular permeability. The valid results derived from the experiments are as follows. Results: 1. The weight of Artemisiae Herba prominently decreased at 240^{\circ}C$. 2. The contents of diluted ether extract were maximum in the unprocessing condition. Those of water extract were maximum at 180^{\circ}C$ and at 210^{\circ}C$. and the changes of diluted ethanol extract at 150^{\circ}C$. 3. The TLC pattern of essential oil in Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature showed that a component began to increase at Rf 0.56 and another component began to decrease at Rf 0.86. 4. The contents of Eupatilin in Artemisiae Herba at various processing temperature continued to decreased in proportion to the temperature rise, the extent of which was prominent at 210^{\circ}C$, and was unnoticeable at 270^{\circ}C$. 5. Inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities, trypsin activities and heat-induced hemolysis increased in proportion to the density of Artemisiae Herba. Inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-Glucuronidase activities and trypsin activities were relatively high at 180^{\circ}C$ while on the writhing syndrome and inhibitory effects on increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid were maximum at 240^{\circ}C$. those on heat-induced hemolysis were relatively high at 240^{\circ}C$. 6. In vivo, both analgesic effects Conclusions: To maximize of the effectiveness of Artemmisiae Herba, the ideal heating temperature is in the range of 180^{\circ}C{\sim}240^{\circ}C$.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

경기도내 주요 상추 시설재배지에서의 Fusarium 시들음병 발생을 2006년과 2007년에 걸쳐 조사한 결과 3월부터 11월까지 발생하였으며, 특히 여름철에 발병주율이 크게 증가하였다. 발병된 상추는 잎이 황화되고 포기 전체가 위축되는 증상을 보였고, 줄기 부위에 뚜렷한 도관부 갈변 증상이 관찰되었다. 시들음증상을 나타내는 상추 줄기에서 Fusarium균을 분리하였고, 균학적 특징을 분석했을 때 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae로 동정되었다. 분리된 F. oxysporum을 토양에 접종한 결과 뿌리를 통해 쉽게 균사가 침입하였고, 점차 도관부를 통해 전체 줄기로 진전되었으며, 뿌리 주변에서 후막포자를 형성하였다. 병 발생이 높은 하우스의 토양 내 Fusarium균의 밀도는 건전 또는 병 발생이 낮은 토양보다 밀도가 높고, 병 발생을 일으키는 최소 병원균 밀도는 $10^3$cfu/g 이상으로 추정하였다. 병원균에 대하여 '선풍'과 '미풍포찹' 품종이 가장 감수성이었고, '미홍적축면'과 '진자축면'이 중도저항성 이었으며, 발병은 $25^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 더 빨리 진전되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.333-346
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• 1997

The ischemia and reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscles is caused by generation of reactive oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion. It is well known that over 4 hours of ischemia injures the skeletal muscles irreversibly. The author has demonstrated the effects of SOD (superoxide dismutase), DMTU (dimethyl thiourea) and ischemic preconditioning on ultrastructural changes of the muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles after 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. A total of 72 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 200 gm to 250 gm were used as experimental animals. Under urethane(1.15 g/kg, IP, 2 times) anesthesia, lower abdominal incision was done and the left common iliac artery was occluded by using vascular clamp for 4 hours. The left rectus femoris muscles were obtained at 1 and 3 days after the removal of vascular clamp. The SOD (15,000 unit/kg) or DMTU (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally at 1 hour before induction of ischemia. The ischemic preconditioned group underwent three episodes of 5 minutes occlusion and 5 minutes reperfusion followed by 4 hours of ischemia and 1 day and 3 days of reperfusion. The specimens were sliced into $1mm^3$ and prepared by routine methods for electron microscopic observation. All specimens were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and then observed with Hitachi-600 transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. SOD or DMTU alone did not affect the ultrastructure of muscle fibers in the rectus femoris muscles. The electron density of mitochondrial matrix was decreased by ischemic preconditioning. 2. Dilated cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, mitochondria and the loss of myofilament in the sarcomere were observed in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. Markedly changed sarcoplasmic reticulum, triad, disordered or loss of myofilament, indistinct A-band and I-band, and irregular electron lucent M -line and Z-line are seen in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 3. SOD reduced the changes of organelles in the muscle fibers of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles of the rats, but SOD did not affect the changes of muscle fibers in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused muscles. On the other hand, DMTU markedly attenuated considerably the ultrastructural change of the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day or 3 days reperfused rectus femoris muscles. 4. By the ischemic preconditioning, the change was attenuated remarkably in the 4 hours ischemia and 1 day reperfused rectus femoris muscles. As the ischemic reperfused changes of muscle fibers were regenerated or recovered by ischemic preconditioning, the ultrastructures of them were similar to those of normal control in the 4 hours ischemia and 3 days reperfused rectus formoris muscles. Consequently, it is suggested that DMTU is stronger inhibitor to ischemic reperfused change than SOD. The ischemia and reperfusion-induced muscular damage is remarkably inhibited by ischemic preconditioning.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to introduce an in vivo hybrid multimodality technique involving the coregistration of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) to concomitantly visualize and quantify mineralization and vascularization at follow-up in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Three adult female rats were randomly assigned as test subjects, with 1 rat serving as a control subject. For 20 weeks, the test rats received a weekly intravenous injection of 30 ㎍/kg zoledronic acid, and the control rat was administered a similar dose of normal saline. Bilateral extraction of the lower first and second molars was performed after 10 weeks. All rats were scanned once every 4 weeks with both micro-CT and HR-MRI. Micro-CT and HR-MRI images were registered and fused in the same 3-dimensional region to quantify blood flow velocity and trabecular bone thickness at T0 (baseline), T4 (4 weeks), T8 (8 weeks), T12 (12 weeks), T16 (16 weeks), and T20 (20 weeks). Histological assessment was the gold standard with which the findings were compared. Results: The histomorphometric images at T20 aligned with the HR-MRI findings, with both test and control rats demonstrating reduced trabecular bone vasculature and blood vessel density. The micro-CT findings were also consistent with the histomorphometric changes, which revealed that the test rats had thicker trabecular bone and smaller marrow spaces than the control rat. Conclusion: The combination of micro-CT and HR-MRI may be considered a powerful non-invasive novel technique for the longitudinal quantification of localized mineralization and vascularization.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2009

본 연구는 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림의 희귀식물 및 유용 식물자원의 분포실태와 상층식생의 군집구조에 따른 하층식생의 분포양상을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림지역내 출현하고 있는 관속식물상은 모두 59과 160속 218종류로 확인되었으며, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 나도개감채, 연령초, 말나리, 노랑무늬붓꽃, 홀아비바람꽃, 금강제비꽃 등 6종류가 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 전 지역에 걸쳐 대규모 군락지 형태의 분포양상을 나타내는 홀아비바람꽃 등 8종류의 초본종과 소규모 패치상 또는 적은 개체수가 흩어져 출현하는 나도잠자리난 등 15종류의 초본종이 유용 식물자원인 것으로 판단되었다. 한편, 금대봉 산림유전자원보호림의 현존식생은 하층식생의 분포양상을 파악하기 위하여 설정한 방형구의 조사자료를 기준으로 유집분석한 결과 상층식생의 군집은 신갈나무 우점 군집, 일본잎갈나무 우점 군집, 그리고 과거 산림벌채와 풍충성 고산지대의 영향으로 인한 초본식생 우점 군집으로 분류되었다. 하층식생의 분포양상은 임분 내 상층 및 중층식생의 군집구조와 어느 정도 연관성을 갖는 것으로 나타났지만, 다른 한편으로 교란에 따른 입지적 특성과 하층식생의 종 조성의 차이 및 경쟁압력으로 인하여 상당한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 산림유전자원인 주요 하층 식생의 보존을 위해서 상층식생의 밀도조절 등으로 인해 야기되는 하층식생의 동태 및 생육환경의 변화를 정확하게 파악 한 후 간벌 등 산림시업처리를 실행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Guibi-Tang(GBT) on focal brain ischemic injury induced by intraluminal filament insertion in rats. Methods : The ischemia was induced by intraluminal filament insertion into middle cerebral artery. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups, normal group(n=8); control group was ischemia induced and no treatment(n=8); GBT 1X group was ischemia induced and administrated 42.2 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8); GBT 3X group was ischemia induced and administrated 126.6 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8); GBT 6X group was ischemia induced and administrated 253.2 mg/ml/kg of Guibi-Tang orally(n=8) for 21 days. mGluR5, Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome C were investigated to observe the effects of Guibi-Tang on apoptosis. The effects of Guibi-Tang on neuroprotective/apoptotic agents in cresyl violet, choline acetyltranferase(ChAT) with ischemic injury were investigated. Results : The intensity of mGluR5 mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was increased in normal and GBT(Guibi-Tang) 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of Bax mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. However it was increased unexpectedly in GBT 3X group. The intensity of Bcl-2 mRNA in the hippocampal CA1 was increased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. The intensity of cytochrome C protein in the hippocampal CA1 was decreased in normal, GBT 1X and GBT 6X groups compared with the control group. The density of neurons stained by cresyl violet and ChAT was increased in normal and GBT 1X groups compared with the control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Guibi-Tang may have protective effect on vascular dementia.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

Purpose: In oral tongue cancer, the degree of tumor invasion has a significant effect on the prognosis. We hypothesized that the destruction of extracelluar matrix and neovascularization are related to tumor infiltration mechanism. By studying the the tissues of early stage oral tongue cancer patients, we are intend to clarify the invasion related factors in oral tongue cancer. Material and Methods: To demonstrate the invasion process in early T-stage oral tongue cancer, the expressions of extracellular matrix destruction related molecules(MMP2, MMP9) and neovascularization related molecule(VEGF) were observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, immunohistochemical staining of CD31 was done for quantification of neovascularization. With the experiment showed above, we analyzed relationship between expression of each substances and tumor invasion depth, tumor free survival rates and cervical lymph node metastasis rate in early T-stage oral tongue cancer. Results: The expression rates of MMP2, MMP9, VEGF in 38 early oral cancer patients were 52.6%, 78.9% 52.6%, respectively. Significant correlation was found between the VEGF expression and microvessel density showed by CD31 immunohistochemical staining(p<0.001). VEGF expressions were significantly related with tumor invasion depth(p=0.002). The tumor free survival rate of those patients with VEGF-positive tumors was significantly poorer than in those with VEGF-negative tumors(p=0.019). Conclusion: This results indicate that VEGF is a useful marker for predicting the tumor invasion in patients with early tongue cancer and could be used as a beneficial factors in defining operative field and prognosis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from leaves of Ligustrum japonicum (WLJ) in db/db mouse. Methods : The db/db mice were treated orally with WLJ (300 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks to examine the long-term effects on hyperglycemia and glomerular tissue as well as biochemical and functional abnormalities in the kidney. Results : WLJ treatment markedly reduced plasma levels of glucose, triglyceride, creatinine, and systolic blood pressure in diabetic db/db mouse. Treatment of WLJ significantly increased plasma level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. We also found that overexpressions of vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and endothelin (ET)-1 were observed in aortic tissue of db/db mouse, whereas, WLJ suppressed both expression of VCAM-1 and ET-1 in aorta. In renal tissue, overexpressions of ICAM-1 and TGF-${\beta}1$ were found in untreated db/db mouse, however, significantly decreased those levels by WLJ treatment. The insulin immunoreactivity of the pancreatic islets remarkably increased in WLJ treated db/db mouse compared with untreated db/db mouse. Taken together, WLJ treatment ameliorated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via improvement of insulin secretion and lipid metabolism, respectively. Furthermore, WLJ treatment also ameliorated hypertension via inhibition of inflammatory process in vascular and renal tissues. Conclusions : Ligustrum japonicum has an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in db/db mouse. Thus, these results suggested a beneficial effect of Ligustrum japonicum in treatment with diabetes and diabetic vasculopathy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5345-5349
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• 2012

최근 비만은 소아에서부터 성인에 이르기까지 증가 추세에 있다. 비만은 여러 대사 질환에 영향을 주며 특히 심혈관계, 뇌혈관계 등 혈관성 질환에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이 연구는 혈관성 질환에 관여하는 apolipoprotein AI의 농도가 체질량지수와의 어떤 상관성을 가지고 있는지 알아 보고자 실시하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤과 중성지방, 유리지방산과도 분석하여 보았다. 분석방법으로 SPSS 19.0을 이용하였으며 t-test와 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 apolipoprotein AI의 농도는 체질량지수와는 상관성이 있었지만 -0.484 (p=0.01)으로 약한 역 상관성을 보였고, 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 0.89 (p=0.01)으로 강한 상관성, 중성지방은 -0.88 (p=0.01)으로 강한 역상관성을 나타내었다. 유리지방산은 상관성이 없는 걸로 분석되어 졌다. 결론적으로 Apolipoprotein AI 검사는 체질량지수와의 상관성은 그리 높지 않았으며 비만에 영향을 줄 수 있는 중성지방이나 콜레스테롤등을 같이 검사하여 동맥경화를 예방 할 수 있는 조절인자로 관리되어 져야 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4453-4458
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• 2012

Angiogenesis plays a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) appears to be involved with multiple aspects of CRC angiogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Tan II-A (Tanshinone II-A, Tan II-A) on tumor growth in mice, as well as alteration of expression of COX-2 and VEGF in CRC. We established the mice xenograft model of C26 CRC cell line, and injected 0.5, 1, 2mg/kg of Tan II-A and 1mg/kg of 5-FU in respectively in vivo. Then, we assayed tumor weight and volume, and evaluated microvascular density and expression of VEGF. COX-2 promoter and COX-2 plasmids were transfected into HCT-116 cells, followed by detection of COX-2 promoter activity by chemiluminescence, and detection of COX-2 mRNA expression by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Taken together, the results showed Tan II-A could inhibit tumor growth and suppress the VEGF level in vivo. HCT-116 cell experiments showed marked inhibitory effects of Tan II-A on COX-2 and VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that Tan II-A can effectively inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis of human colorectal cancer via inhibiting the expression level of COX-2 and VEGF.