• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), the largest medical book in Korea, has medical and historical significance in that it had classified almost all East Asian medical accomplishments before Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). Focusing on these values, this research investigates Yi'an (醫案), an East Asian tradition of describing clinical encounters and the therapies employed, in Euibangyoochui. By this investigation, this study expected to not only establish how the genre of Yi'an is employed for what purpose in Euibangyoochui, but also to shed a light on the appearance of Yi'an before Joseon Dynasty. At first, this study extracted Yi'an from Euibangyoochui (醫方類聚), as Yi'an does not have a standardized format. In total, the number of extracted Yi'ans is 1,025 with handwork results. Extracted Yi'ans are analyzed statically, in order to find dispersion of Yi'ans for each chapter and its references. Overall, there are 73 chapters of Euibangyoochui, which has a total of 93 chapters, containing Yi'an, while the chapter on gynecology contains the highest number of Yi'ans, 86. Judged from these result, the genre of Yi'an was used diversely and frequently, indicating various messages in Euibangyoochui. To categorize the usage and purpose of writing of Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui, this study considers some examples of Yi'ans and concludes that 3 types of Yi'ans are employed in Euibangyoochui in order to deliver the adequate medical message. One is result-centered Yi'an delivering a broader medical lesson, such as a taboo in treatment or a doctrine in medicine. The second is the concise-styled Yi'an presenting a short effective medical method. The third is multiple-information Yi'an that describes complex information of patients and medical theories, transmitting diverse lessons. Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui refer to 58 medical books. Books written by JangJaHwa (張子和; 1156-1228) are the most cited books, offering almost a quarter of total amount of Yi'ans in Euibangyoochui. This study is meaningful in that it provides basic information, such as numbers, applications, purpose of writing and references of Yi'an in Euibangyoochui. Moreover considering the historic values of Euibangyoochui, this information reflects, on the other hands, overall figures of Yi'an written before publication of Euibangyoochui.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

In this paper, a new method for the mixed image separation is presented using the independent component analysis, the innovation process, and the expectation-maximization. In general, the independent component analysis (ICA) is one of the widely used statistical signal processing schemes, which represents the information from observations as a set of random variables in the from of linear combinations of another statistically independent component variables. In various useful applications, ICA provides a more meaningful representation of the data than the principal component analysis through the transformation of the data to be quasi-orthogonal to each other. which can be utilized in linear projection.. However, it has been known that ICA does not establish good performance in source separation by itself. Thus, in order to overcome this limitation, there have been many techniques that are designed to reinforce the good properties of ICA, which improves the mixed image separation. Unfortunately, the innovation process still needs to be studied since it yields inconsistent innovation process that is attached to the ICA, the expectation and maximization process is added. The results presented in this paper show that the proposed improves the image separation as presented in experiments.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.285-295
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• 1999

Electroluminescent(EL) devices based on organic materials have been of great interest due to their possible applications for large-area flat-panel displays. They are attractive because of their capability of multi-color emission, and low operation voltage. An approach to realize such device characteristics is to use active layers of lanthanide complexes with their inherent extremely sharp emission bands in stead of commonly known organic dyes. In general, organic molecular compounds show emission due to their $\pi$-$\pi*$ transitions resulting in luminescence bandwidths of about 80 to 100nm. Spin statistic estimations lead to an internal quantum efficiency of dye-based EL devices limited to 25%. On the contrary, the fluorescence of lanthanide complexes is based on an intramolecular energy transfer from the triplet of the organic ligand to the 4f energy states of the ion. Therefore, theoretical internal quantum efficiency is principally not limited. In this study, Powders of TPD, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen) and AlQ_3$ in a boat were subsequently heated to their sublimation temperatures to obtain the growth rates of 0.2~0.3nm/s. Organic electrolumnescent devices(OELD) with a structure of $glass substrate/ITO/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI, glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI and glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AIQ_3AI$ structures were fabricated by vacuum evaporation method, where aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as a hole transporting material, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ as an emitting material, and Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)Aluminum$(AlQ_3)$ as an electron transporting layer. Electroluminescent(EL) and current density-voltage(J-V) characteristics of these OELDs with various thickness of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ layer were investigated. The triple-layer structure devices show the red EL spectrum at the wavelength of 613nm, which is almost the same as the photoluminescent(PL) spectrum of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$.It was found from the J-V characteristics of these devices that the current density is not dependent on the applied field, but on the electric field.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.3
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• pp.129-138
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• 2012

In distributed memory architectures like clusters, each node stores a portion of data. How data is distributed across nodes influences the performance of such systems. The data distribution scheme is the strategy to distribute data across nodes and realize parallel data processing. Due to various reasons such as maintenance, scale up, upgrade, etc., the performance of nodes in a cluster can often become non-identical. In such clusters, data distribution without considering performance cannot efficiently distribute data on nodes. In this paper, we propose a new data distribution scheme based on the number of cores in nodes. We use the number of cores as the performance factor. In our data distribution scheme, each node is allocated an amount of data proportional to the number of cores in it. We implement our data distribution scheme using the Chapel language. To show our data distribution is effective in reducing the execution time of parallel applications, we implement Mandelbrot Set and ${\pi}$-Calculation programs with our data distribution scheme, and compare the execution times on a cluster. Based on experimental results on clusters of 8-core and 16-core nodes, we demonstrate that data distribution based on the number of cores can contribute to a reduction in the execution times of parallel programs on clusters.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.3
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• pp.285-298
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• 2009

According to the development of ubiquitous technologies, sensor networks is used in various area. In particular, medical field is one of the significant application areas using sensor networks, and recently it has come to be more important according to standardization of the body sensor networks technology. There are special characteristics of their own for medical sensor networks, which are different from the one of sensor networks for general application or environment. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical medical sensor networks structure considering own properties of medical applications, and also introduce transmission mechanism based on hierarchical structure. Our mechanism uses the priority and threshold value for medical sensor nodes considering patient's needs and health condition. Through this way Cluster head can transmit emergency data to the Base station rapidly. We also present the new key establishment mechanism based on key management mechanism which is proposed by L. Eschenauer and V. Gligor for our proposed structure and transmission mechanism. We use key provisioning for emergency nodes that have high priority based on patients' health condition. This mechanism guarantees the emergency nodes to establish the key and transmit the urgent message to the new cluster head more rapidly through preparing key establishment with key provisioning. We analyze the efficiency of our mechanism through comparing the amount of traffic and energy consumption with analysis and simulation with QualNet simulator. We also implemented our key management mechanism on TmoteSKY sensor board using TinyOS 2.0 and through this experiments we proved that the new mechanism could be actually utilized in network design.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

In this paper, the spatiotemporal data mining methodology for detecting a cycle of power consumption pattern with the change of time and spatial was proposed, and applied to the power consumption data collected by GIS-AMR system with an aim to use its resulting knowledge in real world applications. First, partial clustering method was applied for cluster analysis concerned with the aim of customer's power consumption. Second, the patterns of customer's power consumption data which contain time and spatial attribute were detected by 3D cube mining method. Third, using the calendar pattern mining method for detection of cyclic patterns in the various time domains, the meanings and relationships of time attribute which is previously detected patterns were analyzed and predicted. For the evaluation of the proposed spatiotemporal data mining, we analyzed and predicted the power consumption patterns included the cycle of time and spatial feature from total 266,426 data of 3,256 customers with high power consumption from Jan. 2007 to Apr. 2007 supported by the GIS-AMR system in KEPRI. As a result of applying the proposed analysis methodology, cyclic patterns of each representative profiles of a group is identified on time and location.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.6
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• pp.657-664
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• 2001

The Information Technology has progressed to the open architecture, component, and multimedia services under Internet, ensuring interoperability, reusability, and realtime. The GIS is a system processing geo-spatial information such as natural resources, buildings, roads, and many kinds of facilities in the earth. The spatial information featured by complexity and diversity requires interoperability and reusability of pre-built databases under open architecture. This paper is for the development of component based open GIS Software. The goal of the open GIS component software is a middleware of GIS combining technology of open architecture and component ensuring interoperability of spatial information and reusability of elementary pieces of GIS software. The open GIS component conforms to the distributed open architecture for spatial information proposed by OGC (Open GIS Consortium). The system consists of data provider components, kernel (MapBase) components, clearinghouse components and five kinds of GIS application of local governments. The data provider component places a unique OLE DB interface to connect and access diverse data sources independent of their formats and locations. The MapBase component supports core and common technology of GIS feasible for various applications. The clearinghouse component provides functionality about discovery and access of spatial information under Internet. The system is implemented using ATL/COM and Visual C++ under MicroSoft's Windows environment and consisted of more than 20 components. As we made case study for KSDI (Korea Spatial Data Infrastructure) sharing spatial information between local governments, the advantage of component based open GIS software was proved. Now, we are undertaking another case study for sharing seven kinds of underground facilities using the open GIS component software.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2002

In these days, rapid advances of the computer system and the high speed network have made the multimedia services popularized among various applications and services in the internet. Internet live broadcasting, a part of multimedia services, makes it possible to provide not only existing broadcasting services including audio and video but also interactive communications which also expand application scopes by freeing from both temporal and spatial limitation. In the Paper, an interned Personal-live broadcasting server system is developed by allowing individual users to actively create or join live-broadcasting services with such basic multimedia devices as a PC camera and a sound card. As the number of broadcasters and participants increases, concurrent multiple channels are established and groups are to be expanded. The system should also guarantee High Availability (HA) for continuous services even in the presence of partial failure of the cluster. Furthermore, a transmission mode switching is supported to consider network environments in the user system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.3 s.106
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• pp.383-390
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• 2006

Product-line engineering is a dreaming goal in software engineering research. Unfortunately, the current underlying technologies do not seem to be still not much matured enough to make it viable in the industry. Based on our experiences in working on mobile telephony systems over 3 years, now we are in the course of developing an approach to product-line engineering for mobile telephony system software. In this paper, the experiences are shared together with our research motivation and idea. Consequently, we propose an approach to building and maintaining telephony application logics from the perspective of scenes. As a Domain-Specific Language(DSL), Menu Navigation Viewpoint(MNV) DSL is designed to deal with the problem domain of telephony applications. The functional requirements on how a set of telephony application logics are configured can be so various depending on manufacturer, product concept, service carrier, and so on. However, there is a commonality that all of the currently used telephony application logics can be generally described from the point of user's view, with a set of functional features that can be combinatorially synthesized from typical telephony services(i.e. voice/video telephony, CBS/SMS/MMS, address book, data connection, camera/multimedia, web browsing, etc.), and their possible connectivity. MNV DSL description acts as a backbone software architecture based on which the other types of telephony application logics are placed and aligned to work together globally.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

We designed a novel individualization process for improving personal emotion recognitions in real time. The designed individualization process was performed by a neutralization algorithm of physiological signals, a subjective emotion reflection of a user updated by personal emotion rules in real time. The physiological signals such as PPG(Photoplethysmography), GSR(Galvanic skin reflex), and SKT(Skin temperature) were measured and analyzed to estimate an emotion states of users. Regulating the emotion status using by emotion rules was performed by reflecting subjective evaluations. The agreement of emotion recognition between of individualization and non-individualization method was estimated by 10 undergraduates (5 females, mean age: $22.1{\pm}2.2$) of Sangmyung University. During the emotion recognition test, 45 images were randomly presented to each participant five times. In results, the proposed individualization process showed the agreement of 71.67 % which was five times higher than when the process was not applied. Therefore, in this study, we demonstrated that the individualization process was significantly useful for customizing emotion recognitions of personal users in real time. The individualization process will be able to improve satisfactions in various emotion related applications and services in the nearer future.