• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2020

The notion of m-step competition graph was introduced by Cho et al. in 2000 as an interesting variation of competition graph. In this paper, we study the m-step competition graphs of d-partial orders, which generalizes the results obtained by Park et al. in 2011 and Choi et al. in 2018.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.300-309
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• 2017

This paper examines the cyclical fluctuation of 'construction orders' and 'construction investment' using HP filter, Bandpass filter and Beveridge-Nelson decomposition methods. The main results are as follows. As a result of the analysis of the cyclical fluctuation of construction orders, it was analyzed that there were about 7 cyclical fluctuations from 1976 to the first quarter of 2017. Construction orders for cyclical fluctuations peaked in the second quarter of 2015 and turned to a downward trend. On the other hand, construction investment has experienced about 6 cycles of fluctuations during the same period, and it has been rising continuously since the bottom of 3Q12. This is consistent with the general theory that construction orders precede construction investments. In addition, the comparison of the construction orders, construction investment, and GDP amplitude shows that the GDP amplitude is the smallest and stable, and the construction orders have the greatest variation in amplitude. Therefore, construction orders should be adjusted by government policy depending on economic fluctuations.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.291-302
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• 2008

Seasonal variation of species composition in the coastal waters off Wangdol-cho were investigated using the catches by gill net and trammel net from 2002 to 2004. A total of 58 species was collected and classified into 15 orders and 34 families. Of the 58 species identified, Scorpaeniformes and Perciformes accounted for 62.1% of the species. 35 species in 11 orders and 22 families were collected by gill net and 51 species in 15 orders and 30 families were collected by trammel net. The number of species was high in summer and autumn and lowest in winter. Catches were correlated with sea water temperature. The numbers of individuals and their biomass were 5,295 inds. and 1,890 kg, with the highest values achieved in summer and the lowest in spring. The most dominant species were Pleurogrammus azonus and Gadus macrocephalus. The seasonal species community showed a high similarity between summer and autumn.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Species composition and variation of catches in the coastal waters of Sinsan of Jeju Island were determined using samples collected by a set net from May 2014 to October 2015. During the survey period, a total of 55 species (51 species, 35 families and 11 orders in fishes, 4 species, 2 families and 2 orders in cephalopods) were occurred, and Perciformes (28 species) were dominant fishes in this area. In the number of individuals and biomass, the small pelagic fishes such as Trachurus japonicus and Scomber japonicus were occurred abundantly, and both species accounted for 95.9% of the total catch by a fishing logbook of a set net. In the results of length-frequency distribution of small pelagic fishes caught by a set net in Sinsan, T. japonicus showed a range from 3.5-19.1 cm (average 8.8 cm) and S. japonicus showed a range from 7.0-25.6 cm (average 16.8 cm). In addition, these were mostly immature fishes.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2E
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• pp.26-30
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• 1998

In this paper, we compose neural network predictive HMM(NNPHMM) to provide the dynamic feature of the speech pattern for the HMM. The NNPHMM is the hybrid network of neura network and the HMM. The NNPHMM trained to predict the future vector, varies each time. It is used instead of the mean vector in the HMM. In the experiment, we compared the recognition abilities of the one hundred Korean syllables according to the variation of hidden layer, state number and prediction orders of the NNPHMM. The hidden layer of NNPHMM increased from 10 dimensions to 30 dimensions, the state number increased from 4 to 6 and the prediction orders increased from 10 dimensions to 30 dimension, the state number increased from 4 to 6 and the prediction orders increased from the second oder to the fourth order. The NNPHMM in the experiment is composed of multi-layer perceptron with one hidden layer and CMHMM. As a result of the experiment, the case of prediction order is the second, the average recognition rate increased 3.5% when the state number is changed from 4 to 5. The case of prediction order is the third, the recognition rate increased 4.0%, and the case of prediction order is fourth, the recognition rate increased 3.2%. But the recognition rate decreased when the state number is changed from 5 to 6.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.461-470
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• 2005

A dynamic supply chain that is composed of many different companies with different rent roles and interests allows free joining and secession. Buyers place orders simultaneously and manufacturers should compete each other for the orders. The purpose of our paper is how to find the optimal formation of supply chain ill a global viewpoint while allowing each member company to pursue his local goal The dynamic nature of supply chain formation causes the variation of cost depending on how many orders a manufacturer would accept. We propose a multi-agent based negotiation protocol that efficiently leads to the formation of optimal supply chain without giving up maximization of the individual profit in multi-agent environment of the make-to-order industry. The goal of the negotiation is to form a supply chain to minimize the overall sum of manufacturers' manufacturing cost, and earliness cost and tardiness cost based on SET model. We compare the negotiation protocol with Branch & Bound method. Finally, the validity and performance of buyer's negotiation has been tested experimentally.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 1986

This paper presents a heuristic method for solving the discrete-time ordering problem with quantity discounts and deterministic, time-varying demand. This algorithm utilizes a variation of the incremental cost approach(ICA) to determine a near optimal solution. The ICA is the method which reduces the total cost with reduction of the number of orders by one. In order to reduce the number of orders, if the incremental cost for one of the periods is negative, the demand of the period should be purchased in its immediate preceding period. In order to test the performance of this algorithm, an experiment is conducted that involves a large number of test problems covering a wide variety of situations. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed algorithm has 80.5% better solutions than the adjusted part period algorithm(APPA), which is known to be the best heuristic method.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.693-704
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• 2010

Seasonal variation in species composition around Dokdo, East Sea of Korea, was investigated using trammel-net catches, from 2006 to 2009. A total of 53 fish species belonging to 23 families in 12 orders were captured; the orders Perciformes (12 families, 22 species) and Scorpaeniformes (four families, 22 species) were dominant. Between 2008 and 2009, 43 species were collected by trammel net. The number of species was highest in August 2009 (25 species) and lowest in February 2009 (11 species). The number of individuals and total biomass peaked in November 2009. Diversity indices for fish catches were highest in August 2008 (2.4368) and lowest in November 2009 (0.4253). The dominant species were Thamnaconus modestus and Sebastes schlegeli. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed five fish groups, with frequency and number of individuals similar to results of correspondence analysis (CA), which showed a closer relationship to the year term than the season term. CA showed that temperature was an important factor influencing fish species richness and abundance. Three main fish assemblage types coexisted around Dokdo: an East Sea coastal fish assemblage, a subtropical fish assemblage, and a cold water fish assemblage.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

The fish species composition and its seasonal variation of the middle East Sea of Korea were investigated from May 2004 to January 2005 using gill and set nets. A total of 59 species of fishes belonging to 31 families in 11 orders were identified in the gill and set nets; 33 species in 15 families and 6 orders were collected by the gill net, and 36 species in 26 families and 10 orders were collected by the set net. Among the fishes collected by gill net, the order Scorpaeniformes was dominant; the number of species as well as individuals was highest in summer; the biomass was highest in winter. However, in fishes collected by set net, the order Perciformes was dominant, the number of species was highest in autumn, the number of individuals was highest in spring, and the biomass was highest in winter. The fish composition of the middle East Sea differed considerably from that of the south East Sea, especially in the species composition of the order Scorpaeniformes and Pleuronectiformes. Principal component analyses for each net showed that the fish species composition depends on the kind of net used, even though the investigation was carried out in the same area and at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.61-71
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• 2003

Existent DDHV draws and is calculating K coefficient. D coefficient from sum of traffic volume two-directions time. There is difference of design order and actuality order, error of DDHV estimation value, problem of irregular change etc. of DDHV thereby. In this study, among traffic volume of each other independent two direction(going up, going down), decide design target order in the directional traffic volume, presented way(way) applying without separating K coefficient and D coefficient at the same time. The result were analysis about national highway permanent count point 360 points 30 orders by existing DDHV estimation value method(separation plan) analysis wave and following variation appear. - design order and actuality order are collision at 357 agencies(99.2%) - actuality order special quality : Measuring efficiency of average 80 orders, maximum 1,027 order, minimum 2 orders - error distribution of design order and actuality order : inside 10 hours is(30$\pm$10hour) 106 points(29.4%), 254 points(70.6%) more than 30 orders and $\pm$10 orders error occurrence be - DDHV estimation value : Average 8.4%, maximum 46.7% The other side, average 50 orders. error improvement effect of DDHV 8.4% was analysed that is at design hourly volume computation by inseparability method in case of AADT premises correct thing because inseparability plan agrees actuality order at whole agency with design order and measuring efficiency of DDHV estimation value is "0".t;0".uot;.