• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a reliable dietary questionnaire to assess human exposure to food-borne hazards. Eleven food-borne hazards were chosen as a priority control list through a literature review and advisory committees. The 11 food-borne hazards were phthalate, aflatoxin, bisphenol A, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and acrylamide. The characteristics, exposure level, and paths of these hazards were reviewed, and questionnaire items were identified to assess human exposure from the literature. A questionnaire was developed for each selected food based on its characteristics. Based on the items in the individual questionnaires, a comprehensive questionnaire, which contained demographic characteristics, job information, socioeconomic factors, health related lifestyles, and dietary behaviors, was developed. A 99-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess food-borne hazard exposure was also developed. The FFQ included frequency of food intake during the previous year, container type for purchasing and storing food, and cooking method. The questionnaire developed in this study could be applied to assess dietary factors during an exposure assessment of food-borne hazards in a large population. A validation study for the questionnaire is needed before applying it to surveys.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.454-462
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• 2019

A conventional Korean meal typically includes various roasted, steamed, stir-fried, and braised foods. For this study, we investigated the contents of water soluble vitamins, $B_1$ (thiamin), $B_2$ (riboflavin) and $B_3$ (niacin) in various roasted, steamed, stir-fried, and braised foods. Method validation for analytical data in this study showed a high linearity ($r^2$>0.999), and the limit of detection and quantification were 0.001-0.067 and $0.002-0.203{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For accuracy and precision, analytical values using standard reference materials were in the certified ranges. Roasted foods contained 0.039-1.057 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.058-0.686 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.021-21.772 mg/100 g of niacin. Steamed foods contained 0.049-1.066 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.025-0.548 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.134-21.509 mg/100 g of niacin. Stir-fried foods contained 0.114-0.388 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.014-1.258 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.015-2.319 mg/100 g of niacin. Braised foods contained 0.112-1.656 mg/100 g of thiamin, 0.024-0.298 mg/100 g of riboflavin and 0.322-2.157 mg/100 g of niacin. The data on water-soluble vitamins in this study can be used for a nutritional database of conventional Korean meals.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.239-250
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the "contextualization" effect of web celebrity live broadcast on the e-commerce platform on consumers' perception of product value, risk and purchase intention. Live in this paper, using Taobao shopping consumers as the research object, the survey method, questionnaire survey is adopted, the form through the questionnaire and distributed network, a live in order to further validation of web celebrity effect of contextualized actual influence on consumer purchase intention, questionnaire design the Likert scale, seven and recycling questionnaire analysis using the statistical software SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 after processing the data. After determining the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, the exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the hypothesis and calculate the actual adjustment degree of the "contextualization" effect of web celebrity live broadcasting on consumers' purchase intention. The research results of this paper are summarized as follows :(1) consumers' perceived value of products can significantly positively affect their purchase intention, while perceived risk has a significantly negative impact on their purchase intention; (2) consumers' trust and purchase intention to products are regulated by the "contextualization" of web celebrity live broadcast. Specifically, for web celebrity live broadcasting with good "contextualization" effect, the perceived value of consumer products has a positive impact on product trust, which is higher than that of web celebrity live broadcasting with poor "contextualization" effect. In terms of resolving consumers' perceived risks to products, web celebrity live broadcast with good "contextualization" effect is also significantly better than web celebrity live broadcast with poor "contextualization" effect. Based on empirical analysis, this paper concludes that web celebrity live broadcasting will become a new breakthrough for the sustainable growth of the e-commerce industry, and puts forward Suggestions on the e-commerce marketing mode and the transformation of web celebrity live broadcasting industry.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2006

Most of volcanic ash soils in South Korea are distributed in Jeju province which is an island placed on southern part of Korea and has steep slope mountain area. There are many soils containing high contents of organic matter (OM) derived from volcanic ash in Jejudo, also. Therefore, irrigation and drainage in volcanic ash soil different with general soil which has low OM content have to be applied with another management way, but studies searching appropriate methods for them are set on insufficient situation because the area of volcanic ash soil in South Korea is only 1.3% (130,000ha). This study was conducted for analysis of soil water content and irrigation quantity appropriate for crops cultivated in volcanic ash soil with high OM content. Although soils with different soil color have the same soil texture, soil water characteristics curve by soil color showed the difference of water retention capability by OM content. But, this characteristics classified with soil color could be unified by scaling technique with similitude analysis method which get dimensionless water content using a present water content, a residual water content and saturated water content (or water content at 10kPa). A relation of gravimetric soil water content (GSWC) and dimensionless water content by the results showed a form of power function. The dimensionless water content (DWC) express a relative saturation degree of present water content. This was also expressed by van Genuchten model which describe the relation between relative saturation degrees and matric potentials. These results on soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) of volcanic ash soil will be the basic of irrigation plan in area having high organic contents into soil.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.340-347
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• 2019

We performed a safety survey on residual pesticides in dried agricultural products. A total of 110 samples of dried agricultural products distributed in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed for 263 pesticides according to multi class pesiticide multiresidue method. Ten types of pesticides were detected in 10 samples. Chlorpyrifos was detected in Ricinus communis leaves, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, pyridalyl in Chwinamul (wild aster), diniconazole, isoprothiolane, lufenuron in radish leaves, hexaconazole in Cirsium setidens (Korean thistle), bifenthrin, and chlorothalonil, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin in pepper leaves. The detection rate of pesticides was 9.1%, and among these samples, one was detected over Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). In the validation study, the values of limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), coefficient of determination ($R^2$) and recovery were in the range of 0.002~0.027 mg/kg, 0.006~0.083 mg/kg, 0.9964~1.0000 and 74.8~118.9%, respectively. The Positive List System (PLS) was newly introduced as part of the safety management of residual pesticide in agricultural products in Korea in 2019. With the application of the PLS, if the MRL is not established, 0.01 mg/kg limit is applied uniformly. In spite, these of strengthened residue limits, the MRLs of dried agricultural products are still insufficient. Therefore, this study could be utilized as basic data for the setting of proper MRLs.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of the electronic foot function index (eFFI) through a prospective, random based, multi-institutional study. Materials and Methods: The study included 227 patients ranging in age from 20 to 79 years, visited for surgery in different 15 institutes, and agreed to volunteer. The patients were assigned randomly into a paper-based evaluated group (n=113) and tablet-based evaluated group (n=114). The evaluation was done on the day of hospital admission and the method was changed on the second day of surgery and re-evaluated. PADAS 2.0 (https://www.proscore.kr) was used as an electronic evaluation program. Results: There were no differences in age and sex in both groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) evaluation revealed an eFFI ICC of 0.924, showing that both results were similar. The evaluation time was shorter in the tablet-based group than the paper-based group (paper vs tablet, $3.7{\pm}3.8$ vs $2.3{\pm}1.3minutes$). Thirty-nine patients (17.2%) preferred to use paper and 131 patients (57.7%) preferred the tablet. Fifty-seven patients (25.1%) found both ways to be acceptable. Conclusion: eFFI through tablet devices appears to be more constant than the paper-based program. In addition, it required a shorter amount of time and the patients tended to prefer the tablet-based program. Overall, tablet and cloud system can be beneficial to a clinical study.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.1159-1172
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• 2020

This study applied deep convolution neural network based on U-Net and SegNet using long period weather radar data to very short-term rainfall prediction. And the results were compared and evaluated with the translation model. For training and validation of deep neural network, Mt. Gwanak and Mt. Gwangdeoksan radar data were collected from 2010 to 2016 and converted to a gray-scale image file in an HDF5 format with a 1km spatial resolution. The deep neural network model was trained to predict precipitation after 10 minutes by using the four consecutive radar image data, and the recursive method of repeating forecasts was applied to carry out lead time 60 minutes with the pretrained deep neural network model. To evaluate the performance of deep neural network prediction model, 24 rain cases in 2017 were forecast for rainfall up to 60 minutes in advance. As a result of evaluating the predicted performance by calculating the mean absolute error (MAE) and critical success index (CSI) at the threshold of 0.1, 1, and 5 mm/hr, the deep neural network model showed better performance in the case of rainfall threshold of 0.1, 1 mm/hr in terms of MAE, and showed better performance than the translation model for lead time 50 minutes in terms of CSI. In particular, although the deep neural network prediction model performed generally better than the translation model for weak rainfall of 5 mm/hr or less, the deep neural network prediction model had limitations in predicting distinct precipitation characteristics of high intensity as a result of the evaluation of threshold of 5 mm/hr. The longer lead time, the spatial smoothness increase with lead time thereby reducing the accuracy of rainfall prediction The translation model turned out to be superior in predicting the exceedance of higher intensity thresholds (> 5 mm/hr) because it preserves distinct precipitation characteristics, but the rainfall position tends to shift incorrectly. This study are expected to be helpful for the improvement of radar rainfall prediction model using deep neural networks in the future. In addition, the massive weather radar data established in this study will be provided through open repositories for future use in subsequent studies.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.166-180
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• 2022

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a non-face-to-face obesity management program, implemented during the pandemic. Methods: The non-face-to-face obesity management program used the Intervention mapping protocol (IMP). The program was put into effect over the course of eight weeks, from September 14 to November 13, 2020 in 48 overweight and obese adults, who applied to participate through the Daegu Citizen Health Support Center. Results: IMP was first a needs assessment was conducted; second, goal setting for behavior change was established; third, evidence-based selection of arbitration method and performance strategy was performed; fourth, program design and validation; fifth, the program was run; and sixth, the results were evaluated. The average weight after participation in the program was reduced by 1.2kg, average WC decreased by 3cm, and average BMI decreased by 0.8kg/m² (p<0.05). The results of the health behavior survey showed a positive improvement in lifestyle factors, including average daily intake calories, fruit intake, and time spent in walking exercise before and after participation in the program. A statistically significant difference was seen (p<0.05). The satisfaction level for program process evaluation was high, at 4.57±0.63 point. Conclusion: The non-face-to-face obesity management program was useful for obesity management for adults in communities, as it enables individual counseling by experts and active participation through self-body measurement and recording without restriction by time and place. However, the program had some restrictions on participation that may relate to the age of the subject, such as skill and comfort in using a mobile app.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.274-284
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• 2022

Through sample-size-based rarefaction analyses, we tried to suggest the appropriate degree of sample concentration and sub-sample extraction, as a way to estimate more accurate zooplankton species diversity when assessing biodiversity. When we collected zooplankton from three reservoirs with different environmental characteristics, the estimated species richness (S) and Shannon's H' values showed different changing patterns according to the amount of sub-sample extracted from the whole sample by reservoir. However, consequently, their zooplankton diversity indices were estimated the highest values when analyzed by extracting the largest amount of sub-sample. As a result of rarefaction analysis about sample coverage, in the case of deep eutrophic reservoir (Juam) with high zooplankton species and individual numbers, it was analyzed that 99.8% of the whole samples were represented by only 1 mL of sub-sample based on 100 mL of concentrated samples. On the other hand, in Soyang reservoir, which showed very small species and individual numbers, a relatively low representation at 97% when 10 mL of sub-sample was extracted from the same amount of concentrated sample. As such, the representation of sub-sample for the whole zooplankton sample varies depending on the individual density in the sample collected from the field. If the degree of concentration of samples and the amount of sub-sample extraction are adjusted according to the collected individual density, it is believed that errors that occur when comparing the number of species and diversity indices among different water bodies can be minimized.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.35-53
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the first part of this study was to evaluate the validity of the physical activity classification table for youth (Youth-PACT). The second part of this study was aimed at comparing the estimated energy requirement (EER) with the total energy expenditure (TEE) and evaluating the physical activity patterns of Korean children and adolescents. Methods: The subjects of the first part of the study were 17 children aged 10 to 12 years, and their total energy expenditure (TEE_DLW) was measured using the double labeled water (DLW) method. A total of 166 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years participated in the second part of this study. Their resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using indirect calorimetry and the TEE_Youth-PACT and physical activity level were calculated by applying the Youth-PACT to the physical activity diary prepared by the subjects. Results: In the first part of this study, there were no significant differences between the TEE_DLW and the TEE_Youth-PACT. The TEE_Youth-PACT accurately predicted TEE_DLW in 37.5% of the subjects. In the second part of the study, the rates at which EER accurately predicted TEE _YouthPACT and overestimated TEE _Youth-PACT were 29.6% and 47.3%, respectively. The time spent based on intensity of physical activity and the physical activity categories which were obtained using Youth-PACT showed different patterns according to sex and age group. Age showed significant positive correlations with REE, TEE, and the time spent in sedentary behavior, but age was significantly negatively correlated with REE/body weight, TEE/body weight, and the time spent in low-intensity and high-intensity activities. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Youth-PACT can be used to evaluate the TEE and PAL of children and adolescents. However, further studies are needed to validate the TEE_Youth-PACT and to set the EER for children and adolescents.