• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.247-249
• /
• 2002

A 6-month-old female Pekingese was euthanized due to poor progrosis after 1 month history of neurologic signs that include depression, ataxia, urination and defecation difficulty. At necropsy, no significant gross abnormalities were noted Histologically, neuronal vacuolation was noted in the brain, primarily cerebellum and occasionally in the brain stem area. Neuronal necrosis and secondary axonal swelling were also observed. Differential diagnoses were able to rule out other diseases which can induce neuronal vacuolation such as lysosomal storage disease, prion infection, and postvaccinal change.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 2006

The inhibitory effects of flavanone derivatives on Helicobacter pylori (HP) growth, infection and VacA toxininduced vacuolation were investigated. Among flavanones tested, ponciretin potently inhibited the growth of HP with a MIC value of 0.01 mg/ml and VacA toxin-induced vacuolation in HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ value of 0.078 mM. However, other flavanones inhibited neither HP growth nor VacA toxininduced vacuolation. All flavanones tested did not inhibit HP infection to KATO III cells. Ponciretin also inhibited activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 in HeLa cell induced by HP VacA toxin, but did not affect Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels. These findings indicate that ponciretin inhibits growth as well as vacuolation by HP VacA toxin, which induces cell death via proteolytic activation of a cascade of caspases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.138
• /
• pp.250-254
• /
• 2004

Helicobacter pylori (H. pyroli) infection it associated with type B gastritis, peptic uler disease, and gastric cancer. The vacuolation of cells induced by H. pylori is thought to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of gastric infection. The roles of H. pylori cytotoxin, urease, and ammonia in the vacuolation of HeLa cells were determined. H. pylori toxin induced vacuolation of HeLa cells. Korean and Japanese radishes significantly prevented the vacuolation of HeLa cells induced by H. pylori toxin. The urease activity in vacuolated cells was also decreased with Korean and Japanese radishes. H. Pylori toxin-induced vacuolation was inhibited by vacuolar type ATPase inhibitors (bafilomycin and N-ethylmaleimide). However, further investigation is required to determine the mechanisms of radish for the inhibition of vacuole formation of eukaryotic cells in response to the H. pylori toxin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.33 no.1 s.128
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2002

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with type B gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The vacuolation of cells induced by H. pylori is thought to be essential for the initiation and maintenance of gastric infection. The roles of H. pylori cytotoxin, urease, and ammonia in the vacuolation of HeLa cells were determined. Ammonium chloride augmented the neutral red uptake induced by H. pylori toxin. Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) failed to block the neutral red uptake induced by H. pylori toxin. Leweifang significantly prevented the vacuolation of HeLa cells induced by H. pylori toxin or H. pylori toxin and ammonium chloride. Further investigation is required to determine the mechanisms of Leweifang for the inhibition of vacuole formation of eukaryotic cells in response to the H. pylori toxin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.706-709
• /
• 2003

Ginsenosides and polysaccharides were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae) by treating at low ($60^{\circ}C$, LT), mild ($100^{\circ}C$, MT), and high ($120^{\circ}C$, HT) temperatures, and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection, and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. The molecular weights of polysaccharides decreased as the processing temperature increased. Ginseng polysaccharides inhibited the HP infection into KATO III cells, but did not inhibit growth of HP and VacA vacuolation of HeLa cells. HT polysaccharides showed the most potent inhibition with $IC_50$ value of 6.8 mg/ml. Ginseng saponins did not inhibit the infection of HP into KATO cells. However, 20(s)-protopanaxadiol showed the most potent inhibition of HP growth and vacuolation of HeLa by VacA toxin with $IC_50$ values of 0.05 and 0.067 mg/ml, respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.158-160
• /
• 2003

Polyacetylenes were isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae), and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. Ginseng polyacetylenes did not inhibit the infection of HP into KATO cells. However, polyacetylenes inhibited HP growth and vacuolation of Hela by VacA toxin. Panaxytriol showed the most potent inhibition with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.05 and 0.046 mg/ml, respectively.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.163.3-163.3
• /
• 2003

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Family Araliaceae) was treated at low ($60^{\circ}C$, LT), mild ($100^{\circ}C$, MT) and high ($120^{\circ}C$, HT) temperatures, some components (panaxytriol, ginsenosides and polysaccharides) were isolated, and their inhibitory effects on growth, infection and VacA vacuolation of Helicobacter pylori (HP) were investigated. The molecular weights of polysaccharides were decreased according to the increasing processed temperature. Ginseng polysaccharides inhibited the HP infection into KATO III cells, but did not inhibit HP growth and VacA vacuolation of HeLa cells. (omitted)

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.21-33
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorambucil on the mouse Leydig cell by electron microscopy. Chlorambucil suspended in the 0.5N sodium bicarbonate(pH 8.0) was injected I.P.(intraperitoneal) at a dosage of level 20mg/kg for 1 weeks, 3 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively. The results obtained from this experiment are as follows: 1. One week after the administration of chlorambucil, there was an increase in heterochromatin, swelling and cristae disruption in some mitochondria, mild vacuolation between cells and the occurrence of membrane bound inclusions in some nuclei. 2. After 3 weeks, smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilations, cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial swelling, inner mitochondrial cristae disruption, membranous whorls, and intranuclear inclusions were observed in the treated cells. 3. After 5 weeks of treatment, most mitochondria were swollen and their membranes were severely disrupted. Further, smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilations and vacuolation of the cytoplasm were apparent in the treated Leydig cells. In addition numerous membranous whorls and intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. The nuclei displayed invaginatons of the nuclear membrane and large clumps of heterochromatin. From these results it is concluded the longer the duration of chlorambucil administration, the greater the degeneration of the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.666-672
• /
• 2003

Vacuolar degeneration of the gastric epithelial cells is a characteristic feature of the derangement of mucosa where Helicobacter pylori colonizes, and H. pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) has been suggested to playa key role in it. To elucidate the VacA-involved degenerative mechanism, VacA was purified, and its impact on degeneration of HeLa cells was determined. In the presence of ammonium chloride, cell vacuolation by VacA was dose-and time-dependent, however, no detectable degeneration of the cells was observed with the VacA concentration tested. A further increase of vacuolation was shown in cells pre-treated with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) , and this resulted in a change of the cell morphology to become spherical. Similar phenomena were also observed when HeLa cells were co-cultivated with intact H. pylori cells. It was remarkable to note that the degree of growth inhibition was proportional to the increase in vacuole formation, suggesting that the vacuolation rate would be critical for cell degeneration. Surprisingly, although VacA was itself inhibited by DEPC, its uptake was markedly increased by this agent, similar to that found in cells with Nabutyrate. These data indicate that the cell's tolerance of VacA transport may be critical for vacuolar degeneration and may be changeable during H. pylori inhabitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2005

Cigarette smoking has been known to have a few beneficial effects on some neuronal diseases such as Alzheimer's disease(AD), Parkinson's disease(PD) and prion disease by scrapie agent shows many similar properties with AD. In this respect, we investigated what biological effects are exerted by cigarette smoke exposure(CSE) in the brain of mouse infected by 87V scrapie. The scrapie agent was inoculated through stereotaxic microinjection of the homogenates of the scrapie agent infected brain into the intracerebral system in the 1M mice. The inoculation into mice typically exhibits neurochemical, physiological and histopathological characteristics of prion disease: loss of neurotransmitters and induction of astrocytosis and vacuolation in brain as well as reduction of spatial movement and loss of body weight. CSE led to alleviated the loss of body weight and also improved spatial movement of the infected mice. Most interestingly, CSE attenuated astrocytosis and vacuolation caused by scrapie infection in the brain. In addition, decreased levels of dopamine in striatal and hypothalamic regions as well as serotonin level in hippocampus caused by scrapie infection were also attenuated by exposure to cigarette smoke. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke, by its inhibition of astrocytosis and vacuolation followed by its restoration of levels of some neurotransmitters, may partly contribute to suppression in the progress of neurodegeneration caused by scrapie infection.