• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2017

School nurses can play an important role in improving the prognosis of traumatized teeth of school children when they are informed about the immediate and proper dental first aid steps. The purpose of this study were to assess the awareness of school nurses concerning the management of traumatized teeth and to determine if a lecture on dental trauma management could improve school nurses'knowledge on this topic. School nurses in Gwangju and Jeonnam province completed a questionnaire before and after the lecture on the first-aid knowledge with particular focus on the following three categories. Questionnaires are composed of questions asking general information and about knowledge and proper attitude in case of the specific situation on dental trauma. According to previous studies, school nurses' knowledge tended to be higher compared with the teachers. Improvement of knowledge in school nurse was observed in emergency actions, in visiting time, replantation, carriage method, vaccine prescription related with luxation, and in possibility of fragment reattachment related with subluxation and fracture. In conclusion, it is recommended that periodical education are needed for improvement of school nurses'knowledge on proper management of dental trauma emergency.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how much knowledge dental-hygiene students had about AIDS and how they looked at that. The subjects in this study were 370 freshmen, sophomores and juniors who were majoring in dental hygiene. The findings of this study were as follows : The rate of the students who were accurately aware of AIDS dissemination ranged from 59 to 92 percent. Those who knew that the disease didn't spread through routine daily contacts stood at 63 to 91 percent, and the students who were correctly cognizant of the cause of AIDS numbered 41 to 77 percent. Those who grasped the seriousness of that disease stood at 45 to 83 percent. The students weren't properly aware of how to prevent AIDS, as just 33 to 68 percent knew about that. Concerning connections between school year and AIDS knowledge, the sophomores had a better knowledge on its dissemination, cause and AIDS itself than the freshmen and juniors. As for attitude toward AIDS, 72.4 percent considered themselves not to be susceptible to that disease, but 361 percent felt that they were likely to develop it. 44.6 percent weren't afraid of being attacked by that disease, but more students feared about that possibility. Most of the students, who ranged from 77 to 88 percent, hoped to continue to be educated about that, and as many as 92 percent believed that AIDS patients should separatedly be treated. A lot of the students, which accounted for 90 percent, felt fear in the course of treatment, but 44 percent believed that AIDS patients should equally be treated, which indicated that they had a sense of responsibility. As to the relationship of school year to altitude toward AIDS, when their ideas about the danger of AIDS were asked, the freshmen and juniors considered themselves not to be susceptible to that disease more than the sophomores did, and the former group felt, more than the latter, that AIDS infection should be more thoroughly prevented than hepatitis in dental clinic. The juniors had a stronger tendency to find themselves to be exposed to AIDS as equally as most other people, compared to the freshmen and sophomores. The sophomores felt higher need for AIDS - related education, and had a stronger sense of duty about treating AIDS patients, and were more apprehensive of the disease in the course of treatment than the freshmen and juniors did. The above-mentioned findings suggested thai every individual should be cautious not to develop AIDS, as there is still no workable vaccine. Since the nation is not free from the horrible disease, the government should put more efforts into researching and preventing it. But what's most important is that dental-hygiene students, who will be committed to dental treatment in the future, should precisely be cognizant of the seriousness of that disease, and try to stay away from it by using protective devices and handling dental supplies properly. And the type of treatment system thai could prevent AIDS infection should be established.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2014

Ghost cells have been recognized as eliciting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and have also been predicted to play a role as an immune adjuvant. In this study, we used the intramuscular (IM) route to inject BALB/c mice with four vaccine groups constructed from Salmonella typhimurium ghost (STG) cells originating from different virulent strains and complex STG groups instead of heat-labile toxin (LT)-B, a type of adjuvant. Although the complex STG groups exhibited a response after a short delay, the groups showed final total IgG levels similar to those of the LT-B group, which encodes LT-B from pMMP300. The IgG1 response to the ${\chi}$3339 group was the highest response at 6 weeks, whereas IgG2a responses to the ${\chi}$3339 and JOL389 groups were higher at 6 and 8 weeks compared to those of the LT-B group. The response of vaginal sIgA to the LT-B group was generally higher than that of the other groups, whereas fecal sIgA to the LT-B group exhibited lower responses. Protection to virulent S. typhimurium in all groups was above 80%, which was similar to the LT-B group. Taken together, we suggest that STG complex groups can be used as an immune adjuvant instead of LT-B.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2010

A research group demonstrated that the 37 kDA protein of Edwardsiella tarda, a causing causative agent of edwardsiellosis in fish, exhibited high antigenicity in Japanese flounder. The research group also showed that the N-terminus amino acid sequences of the 37 kDa protein were mapped to the N-terminus of GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). Using degenerated primer sets based on the known N-terminus sequence, the corresponding E. tarda DNA was amplified and cloned. The nucleotide sequences of the cloned gene revealed high homology with a bacterial gene for GAPDH, as we was expected. The amino acid sequence of E. tarda GAPDH (etGAPDH) revealed a <70% similarity with GAPDH proteins in other Enterobacteriaceae. With the application of artificial protein overexpression system in Escherichia coli, the recombinant etGAPDH (rGAPDH) was produced and purified. In this study, Using the purified rGAPDH, the etGAPDH specific polyclonal antibody has been was generated using the purified rGAPDHin this study. The immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that the location of the GAPDH protein is located with the association of is associated with the envelops of E. tarda. The rGAPDH was administrated into Japanese flounder via IP route for evaluation of the protective ability. Although the specific antibody titer against etGAPDH was increased about 3-fold after 4 weeks post-vaccination, the survival rates of vaccinated Japanese flounder and the control group with wild type E. tarda was were 12.5% and 0%, respectively. Our results indicated that rGAPDH is immunoreactive antigen but that it will not generate protective immunity in Japanese flounder.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and there is a significant association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. Certain HPV groups, labeled high-risk (HR) HPV groups, are strongly associated with malignancies of the human cervix. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution were analyzed using the REBA $HPV-ID^{(R)}$ (YD Diagnostics, Yongin, Korea) assay based on the reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) with a total of 324 liquid-based cytology samples from women in Western Shandong Province, East China and results were compared with cytological diagnosis. Most of the HPV genotypes that were detected in high-grade cervical lesions were HR-HPV genotypes such as HPV 16, 18, 33, 53, and 58. The prevalence of these HR-HPV genotypes increased in high-grade cervical lesions. However, from low- to high-grade cervical lesions, the ability to detect LR-HPV genotypes decreased. Additionally, in general, the single HPV genotype infection rate increases in proportion to the severity of the lesion. The study findings suggest that a currently available preventive vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 may have limited effectiveness for prevention of all HPV infection in this province. Finally, based on these findings, these data could guide national or regional vaccination programs in the Western Shandong Province of East China to substantially reduce the burden of cervical lesions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2004

FMDV is a viral pathogen that caused foot-and-mouth disease in animals. VP1 is a major capsid protein of FMDV. It is known as one of best materials for the FMDV diagnosis and for the development of protein vaccine. In this study, 633 bp of VP1 gene was modified for the expression of VP1 in plant, based on the VP1 DNA sequence from FMDV taiwan O type and from FMDV isolated vietnam. The. deduced DNA fragment was artificially synthesized using the multiple fragment extension with long-nucleotides. A new plant transgenic vector system, pCAMBIA139011 was constructed on the basis of pBI12l and pCAMBIA1390. Using this vector system and GFP gene or modified VP1 gene, each target gene was introduced into Nicotiana tabacum. The insertion of whole target gene was successfully confirmed in each transgenic plant named GFP-A7 and VP1-4, respectively. The expression level of each gene was estimated by RT-PCR and Real-Time PCR using VP1, GFP specific primers.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

Purpose : There was an epidemic of aseptic meningitis in Korea for 3 years from 1996 to 1998. In this study, we reported the time of outbreak, age and sex distribution, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and complications of the children with aseptic meningitis. Methods : We reviewed clinical records of 192 aseptic meningitis patients who had been admitted to Pohang St. Mary's Hospital from 1996 to 1998. Results : Aseptic meningitis occurred most frequently in July and August. The ratio of male to female was 1.91 : 1, and the most prevalent age was 1 to 5 years of age. The main symptoms were fever, vomiting, headache in this order of frequency. Peripheral blood showed leukocytosis(WBC > $10,000/mm^3$) in 44.3% of the cases. CSF examination showed WBC count were less than $500/mm^3$ in 88.0%, protein levels less than 40 mg/dL in 61.5%, and glucose levels more than 40 mg/dL in 94.3% of the cases. We did not isolate the causative viral agents. Conclusion : Aseptic meningitis was prevalent in children in the Pohang area from 1996 to 1998. Clinical manifestations and CSF profiles of aseptic meningitis patients showed no great difference compared to other reported.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 2001

Kikuchi's disease(histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) is characterized by lymphadenopathy in young patients below 30 years old, and persistent fever, lymphopenia and splenomegaly are concomitantly developed in many cases. So, it has been confused with lymphoma, SLE, and tuberculosis, and has easily led to inappropriate diagnostic procedures and administration of drugs. Many reports have indicated that Kikuchi's disease should be added to the list of causes of FUO in the setting of lymphadenopathy, and recommended early lymph node biopsy to distinguish from lymphoma, SLE, and tuberculosis to avoid unnecessary treatments. We experienced a case of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis in a 14-year-old boy who presented with persistent high fever, productive coughing and cervical lymphadenopathy for about 1 month. Initially, diagnostic workup was done to look for the causes of FUO in vain. Finally, we confirmed diagnosis by histopathological findings of lymph node biopsy and detected latent gene of EBV in the biopsied specimen using in situ hybridization.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.202-207
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• 2005

Intravenous immune globulin(IVIG) is widely used for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Kawasaki disease and other autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Aseptic meningitis was one of the most serious neurologic complications reported following the use of IVIG. We experienced 4 episodes of aseptic meningitis associated with IVIG usage in 3 patients from 2003 to 2004. Underlying disease of each patients was ITP, Kawasaki disease and myathenia gravis and all of them received high dose IVIG treatment for their underlying disease. Within a days, they started to complain severe headache and diagnosed meningitis by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts varied from 92 to over a thound per microliter with dominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Microbiologic studies revealed no organisms. All of them were free from headache within 2 days and did not suffer any neurological sequelae.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2005

Purpose : We investigated the clinical manifestations, radiographic and laboratory findings of children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia(MP) according to their age. Methods : A total of 75 children with MP who admitted to The Catholic University, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from July 2003 to February 2004, were classified into the three age groups : the ${\leq}2$ years of age(16 children), the children between 3 and 5 years of age(35 children), and the ${\geq}6$ years and older(24 patients). The diagnosis of MP was depended on the titers of anti-mycoplasma antibody that were measured 2 times, at admission and at discharge. Results : The total duration of the fever and the length of hospitalization were not different among the age groups. Although the white blood cell(WBC) value and differential was significantly different between the groups(P<0.01), a similar number in the WBC and reduced lymphocyte proportion was observed in all age groups compared to age-matched references. The patterns of pneumonia were significantly different according to age, i.e. segmental or lobar patterns were observed in 5 cases(31.3%) in the ${\leq}2$ years old group, but 16 cases(66.6%) in the >6 years old group(P<0.01). Conclusion : Although there was no difference in clinical findings according to age in MP, the radiographic finding was more severe in older children.