• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

Recently, dietary pattern analysis was emerged as an approach to examine the relationships between diet and risk of chronic diseases. This study was to identify groups with population who report similar dietary pattern in Korean genome epidemiology study (KoGES) and association with several chronic diseases. The cohort participants living in Ansung and Ansan (Gyeonggi province) were totally 10,038. Among those, 6,873 subjects with no missing values in food frequency questionnaire were included in this analysis. After combining 103 food items into 17 food groups, 4 dietary factors were obtained by factor analysis based on their weights. Factor 1 showed high factor loadings in vegetables, mushrooms, meats, fish, beverages, and oriental-cereals. Factor 2 had high factor loadings in vegetables, fruits, fish, and factor 3 had high factor loadings in cereal-oriental, cerial-western and snacks. Factor 4 showed positive high factor loadings in rice and Kimchi and negative factor loadings in mushrooms and milk and dairy products. Using factor scores of four factors, subjects were classified into 3 clusters by K-means clustering. We named those 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group, 'Contented eating' group, and 'Healthy and light eating' group depending on their eating characteristics. 'Rice and Kimchi eating' group showed high prevalence in men, farmers and 60s. 'Contented eating' group and 'Healthy and light eating' group had high prevalence in women, people living in urban area (Ansan Citizen), with high-school education and above, and a monthly income of one million won and more. 'Contented eating' group appeared lower distribution proportion in the sixties and 'Healthy and light eating' group does higher in the fifties. 'Contented eating' versus 'Rice and Kimchi eating', odds ratio for hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity significantly decreased after adjusting age and sex (OR=0.64, 0.73, and 0.85 respectively, 95% CI). Although our results were from a cross-sectional study, these imply that the dietary patterns were related to diseases.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.175-185
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• 1994

In order to anticipate disease pattern and health problems of Koreans in the 1st part of 21st century (by the year 2020), transition of population characteristics, mortality and morbidity data during the last 30 years Koreans have experienced were reviewed. On the actual basis of epidemiologic transition process that has undergone during last 30 years since 1960 along with socioeconomic development and successful implementation of selective national health policies (family planning, medical insurance and etc.), following changes can be expected in the 21st century in Korea, under the assumption that the current rate of progress is maintained. The population of South Korea alone will be doubled the population of 1960 by the year 2013 : aged Population older than 65 years will be increased from 3.3% in 1960 to 11.4% in 2020 with increased average age of the population from 23.6 year in 1970 to 39.2 year in 2020; urban population from 28% in 1960 to 83% in 2005. GNP/capita has increased tremendously from U.S. $120 in 1970 to $6,749 in 1992, and the government estimated it would be 519,350 in 2010 and $29,460 in 2020. Growth and developmental indices of children, educational achievement and social status of women also showed a remarkable improvement and anticipated to make futher progress. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity have shown a striking change during the last 30 years, from infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases and man-made injuries. Occurrence of communicable diseases may become minimal although viral hepatitis, venereal diseases Including AIDS, and well adapted herpes virus infections will maintain their endemic level. Newly evolving infectious agents, however, should be carefully monitored because of rapidly changing environments and human behaviours. Tuberculosis may increase up to the epidemic level when AIDS prevails. Ischemic heart diseases may increase steadily with increasing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus whereas cerebrovascular diseases may be decreased slowly. Musculaskeletal diseases which contribute a lot to the disability of aged people may be a major health problems due to increased aged population. Mental diseases, particularly that caused by alcohol and drug abuse, and senile dementia may become a prominent health problem. On the other hand injuries caused by traffic and industrial accidents that have shown most striking increase till now may be decreased considerably by intensive intervention. The health policies in the 21st century will be oriented to the health promotion for good quality life rather than life-savings.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.668-682
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• 2013

This study illustrates the mechanism of The Decrease of Korean population in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YBKAP) and some changes of regional characteristics since China's economic reforming. Due to China's Implementing market economic system, deregulating in family register system, higher mobility since establishing Sino-Korean diplomatic relations, the expansion of intermarriages and residential areas, Korean community is confronted with lower birthrate and continuous mobility of the young and women. It directly connects to a decrease in urban population and aging, causing a decline in farming production, disintegrating of Korean community, weakening the function of villagers' organization, shrinking in Korean education and leaderships. For supplementing the shorted labor, Chinese farmers from other areas flow into the YBKAP, showing some different trends, such as farming Chinesization, Chinese farmers' higher economic level than Korean, the Korean traditional paddy field transforming into dry farmland with single-crop farming and pursuing commercial production in labor management. At the moment, declining population in Korean community in rural areas means that the community could not respond the changes of farming environments appropriately and in some way it is facing with the crisis of die away from the Chinese society. It needs an unconventional support and development policies in YBKAP rural areas.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-63
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• 2005

National competitiveness is related directly to the strength of educational competitiveness of universities. Seoul National University (SNU) has been taking efforts to improve its competitiveness in University education in variety of ways and the classroom assessment is one key example of those. The current classroom assessment system practiced at universities is being used to evaluate courses and professors in charge by the university administration or evaluation committee. The classroom assessment system is not intended to put students and professors as the subject of the evaluation. In this case, the evaluation is intended wrongfully to rank the courses and evaluate professors' achievement by assigning grades on the lectures. Instead, a proper classroom assessment system should be targeted to improve the quality of lectures by encouraging communication among professor and students in the classroom. In this study, it was intended to investigate a suitable classroom assessment system to enhance the effectiveness of education, not to rank the courses and evaluate professors' achievement. For this purpose, research has been carried out to investigate opinions of professors at SNU on the criteria of classroom assessment and to analyze the criteria of classroom assessment at other domestic universities in Korea. The inquiries for feedback on the lecture by the student in the class was analyzed. The current classroom assessment system at SNU was reviewed and an improvement plan was devised to evaluate liberal art courses of engineering and science schools at SNU. In this research, the problems in the classroom assessment system was reviewed and improvement points were searched to utilize the classroom assessment system more effectively for the improvement of lecture quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1974

Data from this study support the View that the following factors are not sufficiently important in Korea to invalidate the relationships observed between age of marriage and fertility: (1) Premarital pregnancy and common law marriage, (2) shortening of birth intervals in late marriages, (3) adverse effects of very eary marriage in reproductive capacity, and (4) postponement of first pregnancy among early marriages. Thirteen variables which were considered to be potential predictors of fertility were studied to determine their influence on three indices of fertility. Age of marriage and family planning praetice are the strongest predictors and account for about 10% and 7% of the total variance, respectively. Seven other factors each account for an intermediate amount of variability; these are ideal number of children, rural versus urban study area, education, aspiration for daughter, index of exposure to mass media, economic index of respondent's home at survey, and residence before marriage. The remaining variables have no consistently significant relationship to fertility. Most of the relationships appear to be stable and consistent over time; others appear to be changing. The latter group include those variables which are associated with modernization indices of family planning practice, mass media exposure. and aspiration for daughters. Thus, the index of family planning practice is of limited significance for the $40{\sim}49$ age group but is the most important variable for the $20{\sim}29$ year women. The relationship is a direct one for the two age groups between 30 and 49 years which suggests that these groups already had high fertility when family planning services became available and that this high fertility then became an inducement to acccept contraception. The pattern of relationship is not yet clear for the $20{\sim}29$ year group. Similar interactions are observed for the other indices of modernity and are discussed. The thirteen variables together can account for a maximum of about 40% of the variance in the number of live births in the age group $30{\sim}39$, and for lesser amounts of variance in other age and fertility groupings.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to derive research subject that has been overlooked in previous studies and contribute to seek to the direction of research in rural development by analyzing the studies in the last 30 years on rural society. In this study, Social Network Analysis was used for identifying the changes in research themes and connection structure of keyword. The study shows that in the previous Roh Moo-Hyun's Administration from 1986 to 2000, the convergence of the research is not active. In terms of the connection structure of keyword, lots of keywords are connected to the 'Migration, IMF, Satisfaction, Green Tourism' but its form is not complicated. In the Roh Moo-Hyun's Administration from 2001 to 2007, the academic exchanges and convergence of keywords on rural development were promoted research. The connection structure of keyword was formed like a complex cluster associated with 'The Rural Elderly, Rural Tourism, Rural Development Policy, Urban-Rural Comparison'. Although some scholars who study 'Women's Studies, Tourism' formed the cluster, its form is still passive. Since 2008 until now, the keyword network of rural development research clustered densely and formed singly. It reveals that the convergence of research subjects has proceeded actively. And studies such as the 'Community, Participation, Social capital, Quality of life, Social networks, Alternative food movement' have begun.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.84-95
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to increase the usage of satisfaction of outdoor exercise equipment installed at parks when plans and designs are made for renovation or formation of parks. In order to do so, the study surveyed and analyzed the usage satisfaction of 150 men and women who use outdoor exercise equipment in neighborhood parks located in Dongtan New Town. There were four factors that affect the variables of usage satisfaction. They can be defined as the main facility factor, awning factor, maintenance factor, and additional facility factor. From the result regression analysis of the total satisfaction rate and the factors, the main facility factor was the most influential of the variables. This could indicate that the facility factor affects the satisfactory rate of outdoor exercise equipment. This research is done only with the examples of neighborhood parks, so it limits the possibility of analysis of seasonal use. It is necessary to conduct analysis research of parks which installed many outdoor exercise equipment, such as a vest-pocket park, children's garden, and pedestrian/urban/metropolitan neighborhood parks.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2019

Korea's average annual working hours are among the highest in the OECD. Such long-term work has been a factor that reduces the quality of life by discouraging workers' productivity and interrupting the compatibility of work and family, prompting the government to encourage flexible work systems, such as increasing part-time jobs, but a lack of quality part-time jobs. Part-time work enables flexible labor for workers, but at the same time, workers will involuntarily opt for part-time work as they have poor working conditions and negative social views. In this respect, the effect of the working type on an individual's life is expected to be different. In addition, for women, gender gaps exist in the labor market and the impact of part-time work on life satisfaction is expected to differ from men in terms of working and family alike. Using the data from the 2017 "Seoul Survey Urban Policy Indicator Survey", the ordered logistic regression model was used to analyze the cross-effect of working type and sex on satisfaction. The analysis of the study showed that when other factors were controlled, life satisfaction was high in the order of fulltime female, full-time male, part-time female, and part-time male. In addition, further analysis shows that the parttime female workers have the highest probability of choosing low life satisfaction, while the probability of choosing high life satisfaction is the lowest, and full-time male workers have the lowest probability of choosing low life satisfaction, while the highest probability of choosing high life satisfaction is the highest.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.593-605
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• 2018

This study examines factors that influence older drivers to consider stopping driving in advance and whose advice plays an important role in the driving cessation decision. Data came from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling older adults (N=2,076). About two thirds reported that they have considered stopping driving (62.8%) and they preferred to decide by themselves (66.0%). Logistic regression results showed that women and residents in urban areas were twice as likely to consider voluntary driving cessation compared to their counterparts. Each one year increase in age contributed to the probability that respondents would consider driving cessation by five percent. Those with greater difficulties in ADLs due to chronic illnesses were also more likely to consider driving cessation. No sociodemographic and health factors were related to whether older drivers preferred to decide by themselves or listen to others. These results imply that policies to promote self-motivation to stop driving among older drivers would be effective. Furthermore, they suggest it could be important to help older drivers plan their driving cessation in advance while still at a young-old age, and that more attention needs to be paid to men and those living in rural areas among older drivers.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the vaccination rate for pneumococcus among aged 65 or older, and at the same time to determine the reasons for vaccination or non-vaccination. Methods: The population of this study was aged 65 or older, with a total of 1,150 subjects to be analyzed and a computer assisted telephone interviewing was used. The survey included pneumococcal vaccination status, reasons of vaccination, sources of information on vaccination, reasons for not vaccination, and other related factors. Results: The vaccination rate for pneumococcus among aged 65 or older was 56.2 percent, lower than 69.0 percent in the U.S. (2017), and 69.2 percent in the U.K. (2019). Among the factors related to the pneumococcal vaccination, the groups with the high vaccination rate were women, low age groups, residents of urban areas, people without a job, people with high education, medical insurance subscribers, married people, and people who have family members. In addition, the groups with high vaccination rates were those with high awareness, those who received recommendations from doctors, those who had vaccination records, those who believed in vaccination effects, and those who saw public service advertisements. Conclusions: In the future, it is necessary to develop alternatives to accurately manage vaccination records for adults who are not eligible for state support, and regular adult vaccination rates should be calculated so that they can be used as evidence for the country's infection control policy.