• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2000

This study suggests the methods of the assessment and creation of biotopes in small and medium sized cities, in Korea. For this purpose, Chonju city was selected to classify and asses the biotope types. Moreover, relevant legislations to conserve and enhance urban biotopes were examined. The results of this study are as follows: 1) There were two approaches to asses the potential of urban biotopes in medium-sized cities. One was the urban scale evaluation for urban green spaces and the other was the biotope scale evaluation for the classification and evaluation of biotopes. 2) The urban scale evaluation was developed through overlaping analysis of landuse and vegetation factors. This study also included the conception of watershed. In this conception, three watersheds in Chonju city were characterized. According to these characteristics, individual programs for conservation and enhancement of urban green space were suggested. 3) For the biotope scale evaluation, Selected site was inclusively mapped and field investigation actually was carried. There were total 9 types of bitopes. Especially landuse was appeared in various evaluation items were vegetation structure, area of green space, condition of vegetation and vegetation profile. Mt, Gonji and Dukjin park, Chonbuk national University and fields were evaluated highly I the potential. 4) The biotope programs were based on the results of assessment and physical characteristics of biotopes. The uniform and simple levels on vegetation must be modified with various levels of vegetation structure and vernacular plants. And the physical characteristics like Points, Corridors and Patches can be organized by the conception of biotope networking theory. 5) The proper legislative environment was the clue elements for the biotope programs. Until now, only five types of parks and two types of green space are defined and the minimum size of green space has been proposed by the law. So, it is necessary to enlarge the conception of green space in legislation and improve the quality of green space by amending the related regulations. This study has limitation because it was selected only in Chonju. Through the continuous studies, we need to apply this other small and medium sized cities, South Korea. Also the data collection and management of theme maps such as actual vegetation, landuse and a soil must be done preliminary.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.34-49
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• 1993

This research aimed to analize the cognitive intensity of valuation(C.I.V) on urban environment as a first stage of the works on evaluative urban image under the hypothesis that it could be interpreted with a correlation analysis between the C.I.V and attitude(Satisfaction of unsatisfaction Intensity) toward urban environment. As a method of a study, 118 cognitive elements were selected representing an urban environment, and each of elements was suggested to citizens of Kyungju with 7 point Likert Scale. The analysis of C.I.V was operated under the three criteria: The first, three of urban space scale(urban scale, neighborhood scale, and housing scale), the second, four elements of urban living environment(safety, amenity, healthfulness, and effectiveness), and the last, thirteen urban unit environment(housing, traffic, education, tourism, medical/health, culture, etc.). The results were as follows: C.I.V to each of 118 elements was cleary defined, showing the possibilities of being applied to a method for subjective, or cognitive evaluation on urban environment: It was revealed that citizens'C.I.V was rather higher in non-physical, qualitative elements than in physical and quantitative ones. This shows well the limitation of the objective method of evaluation of urban environment: The results of the others' studies on the image of Kyungju based on the cognitive approach, being focused on the analysis of the visual aspects of urban structure, cultural assets, historic site and tourism, were almost same as this study but it was quite different for this research to reveal well the citizens' cognition on their living environment of traffic, education, medical, etc..

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a culture and leisure resources scale and examine the validity of the scale. The culture and Leisure resources scale was developed and identified its validity by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis. The culture and leisure resources scale consisted of four factors, which were 'personal resources', 'support staff resources', 'facility resources', and 'program resources'. Those four factors indicated the reasonable fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, this scale showed convergent validity with the satisfaction of cultural and leisure environment and the satisfaction of one's cultural and leisure life. The result of scale score comparison between rural and urban areas showed that culture and leisure resources in rural areas were less abundant than those in urban areas. Furthermore, while the variables which affected the satisfaction of urban residents' were mainly 'personal resources', the variables in case of rural residents' were mainly 'program resources' and 'facility Resources'. The culture and leisure resources scale can be used for policymakers practicably to evaluate regional level of culture and leisure resources, to compare between regions and to find policy priorities for improving the quality of leisure, especially for disadvantaged areas with less resources.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2023

As a basic study to analyze the relative importance of external space in urban development projects, this study selects evaluation indicators for external space planning and then analyzes systematic external space planning through expert surveys. The scope of the study is to examine the criteria of evaluation items for external space derived from existing studies and to suggest the importance and priority of evaluation items. As a research method, we reviewed the legal and research literature on landscape planning and external space-related guidelines, and conducted a primary review of external space planning evaluation items analyzed by questionnaire. The reviewed items were again reviewed and selected through expert group discussions (FGI). The selected evaluation items were surveyed by expert groups and analyzed in depth using the hierarchical analysis method (AHP). Looking at the relative importance of the calculated sub-items, among the 17 sub-items, 'planning open space' (.096) is the largest, followed by 'pedestrianization' (.082), 'linking with adjacent buildings, streets, parks, and green areas' (.077), 'securing public space through various planning techniques such as linking with pedestrian paths' (.066), 'Plan the placement, form, and scale of buildings in consideration of the identity of the destination' (.065), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green spaces in an integrated and holistic manner' (.065), 'Harmonize with the surrounding environment (landscape)' (.063), 'Harmonize with surrounding buildings and apply landscape planning in urban planning' (.063), 'Entrances and lower floors of buildings are planned as parks for users and pedestrians' (.060), 'Preserve and expand green areas and establish maintenance plans for urban greening' (.054), 'Form the basis for a comfortable life for urban residents by providing long-term development directions' (.047), 'Activate community activities and plan pedestrian environments and streetscapes considering human scale' (.047), 'Establish and propose basic directions for urban greening' (.046), 'Plan buildings, streets, parks, and green areas considering the hierarchy and characteristics of the landscape structure' (.045), 'Plan for integrated land use' (.045), 'Create green axes in connection without cutting them due to development activities' (.044), and 'Apply barrier free design' (.034).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1209-1218
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• 2007

Advertisement signboards on the buildings have functionally a visual value as factor of urban and building design. But it is not easy to find any reasonable principles and regulations, how well the signboards deliver the information of stores to the customers, and how they contribute the visual amenity from the sight of urban landscape. Under this context, this study tries to analyze the information delivery power of signboards in relation to the visual cognition. The analysis method is the Two-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) evaluation with factors, such as scale, amount and arrangement of signboards. The scale of letters or figures at Signboards is specified in 3 different sizes such as big, medium and small. The amount is classified into 5 grades from 100% to 20% installation. And the arrangement is divided into orderly and disorderly installation. As the results of the Two-Way ANOVA, the identical scale of signboards is much better for the awareness. And the orderly arrangement shows also the same result. Above all, including these two results, the 80% of installation showed the biggest different result of awareness.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.683-693
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• 2012

The urban waterfront well created, could provide mental stability and comfort and also foster personality. In addition it could provide the calmness and rest of mind. Especially, recently the urban waterfronts are restored here and there and are created whenever developing a new town The purpose of this study is to develop a method of calculating the weight of each evaluation criterion for deciding the priority of restoration among for deciding the priority of restoration among the urban waterfronts. The method includes the analytic hierarchy process that can calculate the reasonable weight of each evaluation criterion, because the importance (weights) of evaluation criteria appears to be different among the evaluators; the results of this study can be summarized as that this method can be useful for calculating the weights of evaluation criteria, and also that the superiority of ecological resources is the most important factor (highest weight) in selecting the best waterfront, followed by accessibility, tourism vacation, and proximity to parks. And then the lowest factor in importance is the scale of reservoir.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2023

본 연구는 도시철도역의 입지특성, 역사의 구조, 형태, 이용객 수 등을 반영한 도시철도역사의 유형을 분류하고 역사 유형별 이용자들의 환승이동 동선의 불편정도, 환승정보 수 및 연계성, 환승 이동편의시설의 설치 수, 이용자 간의 상충성, 환승안내정보 표지등에 대해 분석하였다. 자료 분석결과 도시철도이용자들이 환승할 때 가장 불편을 주는 요소들은 환승동선의 길이와 굴곡도, 환승 통로의 보행밀도와 상충자 수, 이동편의시설 설치 유무, 환승안내 문자의 크기나 높이 등으로 나타났다. 이들 환승 불편요소들을 객관화, 지수화하고 도시철도역의 환승 편의성을 측정할 수 있는 평가 지표로 제시하였다. 또한, 각 평가지표별 서비스 수준을 측정할 수 있는 평가척도를 개발하였다. 각 지표별 평가척도는 현장조사를 통해 도출된 자료들의 최대 및 최소값을 기준으로 직선 보간법을 적용하여 6단계를 제시하였다. 다만, 편의성 평가지표별 중요도와 가중치을 하나로 묶은 환승편의성 종합평가는 추후 연구을 통해 정립되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2010

Urban rail transit brings the benefits of various aspects of society. With the advent of fast and large trains, however, risk and scale of accidents have increased. Despite the fact that there is various safety features built into the modern metros, train faults happen from time to time. Especially, as urban railway vehicles in Korea have become deterioration rapidly, more advanced diagnosis methods are required to prevent various accidents. In this paper, we present diagnosis method for electrical wires to guarantee secure driving and authenticity more accurately in urban railway vehicles. Although there are kinds of conventional methods based on insulation resistance measurement and withstand test, it is extremely difficult to effectively diagnose obsolete equipments such as electrical wires and cables not new ones. This study is focused on development of diagnosis method and establishment of evaluation standard for electrical wires in urban railway vehicles.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to improve the examining and understanding of the bonding behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets bonded to concrete blocks and steel plates under fatigue loading. First, a series of experimental investigations is summarized in the paper. The fatigue behavior of bonding surface between FRP sheets and concrete is finally characterized by the conducted P-S-N diagram representing the relationship among the probability of FRP debonding (P), the bond stress amplitudes (S), and the number of cycles (N) at debonding on a semi-logarithmic scale. The different debonding modes for various fracturing surface are also investigated and evaluated.

• 대기
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

The Urban Canopy Model (UCM) implemented in WRF model is applied to improve urban meteorological forecast for fine-scale (about 1-km horizontal grid spacing) simulations over the city of Seoul. The results of the surface air temperature and wind speed predicted by WRF-UCM model is compared with those of the standard WRF model. The 2-m air temperature and wind speed of the standard WRF are found to be lower than observation, while the nocturnal urban canopy temperature from the WRF-UCM is superior to the surface air temperature from the standard WRF. Although urban canopy temperature (TC) is found to be lower at industrial sites, TC in high-intensity residential areas compares better with surface observation than 2-m temperature. 10-m wind speed is overestimated in urban area, while urban canopy wind (UC) is weaker than observation by the drag effect of the building. The coupled WRF-UCM represents the increase of urban heat from urban effects such as anthropogenic heat and buildings, etc. The study indicates that the WRF-UCM contributes for the improvement of urban weather forecast such nocturnal heat island, especially when an accurate urban information dataset is provided.