• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Cities are highly susceptible to disasters due to concentration of population and infrastructure and intensive land use, and there are various factors that affect vulnerability according to regional characteristics. This study analyzed the vulnerability of the heat wave and the surface temperature extracted from Landsat 8 satellite data. Areas with high surface temperature and with high vulnerability did not match. This study overlaid the results of vulnerability analysis and the land surface temperature(LST) in order to identify causes of vulnerability. The results showed that some areas within high-density commercial and semi-residential areas were the most vulnerable, with climate exposure factors, the ratio of the vulnerable populations and residential defective areas being the main causes. Accordingly, alternatives such as green space and residential environmental improvement could be suggested. Various policies for reducing and adapting to heat wave have been established and implemented. However, it is necessary to examine the regional and spatial characteristics of the city, to accurately diagnose the cause of the heat wave, and to prepare appropriate long-term alternatives accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Although the Dreamland site was the only flat amusement park in the northern part of Seoul, the site lost its function as a regional park due to aging and, therefore, was no longer in use. The site is surrounded by currently existing high dense low-story housing blocks and proposed new towns. A renovation plan for Dreamland was raised by the City of Seoul to enhance the quality of the urban environment in the northern part of Seoul. This study articulates the design concepts and strategies of the prizewinning work of the International Design Competition for Gangbuk Large Park. The three key points can be summarized as follows: First, this design proposal tried to find a new possibility for a large mountain park in an urban areas. These days, mountain parks are used limitedly as ordinary living spaces for activities such as a walking, hiking, and physical training. New strategies were sought to reconstruct the sentiment with which our ancestors enjoyed the mountains. Second, this proposal tried to make Dreamland a socially self-sufficient park. We designed a park which generates self-energy and which communicates with the city, not a park which only exists as a green island in a city. Lastly, rain fed paddy fields, a typical Korean vernacular landscape, was a tangible space which represented people's life-styles harmonizing with the nature. Rain fed paddy fields is a design motif which puts the three surrounding mountains together with the site. It is expected that the new design will works as a noted place.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.793-799
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• 2016

This study examined Platanus orientalis and Ulmus davidiana planted in downtown parks to identify the correlations among microclimatic factors such as temperature in the crown, air flow, and wind speed. For the field survey, measurements were taken at 1 hour intervals from 09:00 am to 06:00 pm in August. For the measurement of microclimatic factors, data on temperature, light intensity, air flow, and wind speed were collected using a quantum sensor (PAR Quantum Sensor SKP215), a precision thermometer (Pt1000-Sensor), and a combination anemometer (1467 G4 & HG4). The results of the analysis demonstrated that both Platanus orientalis and Ulmus davidiana, showed a greater cooling effect inside the crown as compared with the outside temperature. The cooling effect inside the crown was more evident with air flow and wind speed factors. With relation to wind, the inner temperature of the crown of Platanus orientalis decreased due to air flow while that of Ulmus davidiana decreased due to wind speed. With no wind, the average variation in temperature inside the crown was $-0.9^{\circ}C$ for Ulmus davidiana and $-0.958^{\circ}C$ for Platanus orientalis, indicating that Platanus orientalis was relatively more effective in lowering the temperature of the planting space than Ulmus davidiana. This study is significant because it shows that different tree species have different effects on the microclimate and that factors affecting the formation of the microclimate of trees may vary with species. Further studies on species other than broad leaf trees, such as evergreen trees and shrubs, are required in order to plan the distribution of landscaping trees that are effective in regulating the microclimate within urban green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2012

Street trees are one of useful urban facilities that reduce carbon dioxide and provide green space in urban areas. They are usually managed by local government, and it is effective to use aerial LIDAR data in order to acquire information such as the location, height and crown width of street tree systematically. In this research, algorithm was proposed that improves the accuracy of extracting top points of street trees and separates the region of individual street trees from aerial LIDAR data. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, a simulated aerial LIDAR data that exactly knows the number, height and crown width of street trees was created. As for the procedure of data processing, filtering that separates ground and non-ground points from LIDAR data was first conducted in order to separate the region of individual street trees. An estimated non-street tree points were then removed from non-ground points, and the top points of street trees were estimated. Region of individual street trees was determined by using the intersecting point of straight line that connects top point and ground point of street tree. Through the experiment by using simulated data, it was possible to refine wrongly estimated points occurred by determining tree tops and to determine the positional information, height, crown width of street trees through the determination of region of street trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.16-28
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• 2015

This study is suggested to enlarge the green area and to connect and improve the present green areas by deriving the lines of community greenway using living areas and community spaces close to the life of residence in Nam-gu. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the method of establishing greenway for the formation of community in which the residence can grow the community spirit and love their living space much more. Land-use status, green coverage ratio, and impermeability paving ratio are investigated. The community facilities are classified. The highest is educational facility, which is 7.7%, the green facility is 1.9% and the total area of community facilities which is 21.4%. The total area of Nam-gu is divided into 31 zones in total according to the administrative districts, the mail roads and reserved land of railroad and urban development. The total 20 lines of community greenway lines are chosen and the total length of lines is 18.2km. Finally, the characteristics of community greenway lines are analysed, the characteristics of community greenway lines are overall estimated according to the land-use, the street environment and the community facility. The classification system of community greenway is established on the basis on the function and purpose of greenway, the present status of land-use and the type of community facility. Based on the field investigation, the 6 greenway types are suggested considering the interconnection. The method of establishment of community greenway is suggested according to the principle of function and purpose, the principle of land-use and the principle of use of the facilities. Furthermore, the planting methods suitable to each greenway type are suggested in the building planting case of wall planting, roof planting, veranda planting, etc., and in the complex planting of parks, schools, roads, parking lots and other small areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide base information that can be utilized in surveying the status of landscape management within apartment complexes and grasping the conditions of the soil for planting plants, as a way to improve the quality of green spaces by repairing poorly vegetated spaces within apartment complexes and remodeling them with diverse species of plants. Considering that trees and shrubs of equal sizes are simultaneously planted upon the completion of apartment complexes, they were divided based on their completion year at the interval of 5 years and differences in the growth of trees and the components of soil over time were analyzed. Out of the species of trees planted in all the 9 apartment complexes surveyed in this study, the growth of 4 species of needleleaf trees and 4 species of broadleaf trees were surveyed. Juniperus chinensis 'Kaizuka' and Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. out of the needleleaf trees and Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte out of the broadleaf trees showed the highest growth rate when over 5 years passed after planting and their growth rate decreased when over 10 years passed. Platycladus orientalis and Acer palmatum Thunb. in the apartment complexes that were built over 10 years ago showed the highest growth rate, which indicates that the species require a relatively long period of time for growth. The hardness of the soil at the areas where trees were planted but their soil surface was bare was analyzed. When over 5 years passed after the completion of apartment complexes, over 20 mm of the soil was found to be stamped. The physicochemical properties of soil were also surveyed and the pH level was found to have been continuously high ever since the completion. The organic content in the surveyed soil was about 1/3 of the content in fertile soil, which means that additional fertilization is required. These results indicate that the stamped soil and the health of soil can be restored, when replanting plants in bare areas, by adding plans to improve soil, such as designing drain ways around the planted areas, transporting soil for the 50 cm depth of the ground and mixing organic matters such as chaff, and simply by planting groundcover plants in the lower part of tress and shrubs.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_2
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• pp.1819-1827
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• 2021

Land-use/cover change caused by rapid urbanization in South Korea is one of the concerns in flood risk management because groundwater recharge by precipitation hardly occurs due to an increase in impermeable surfaces in urban areas. This study investigated the hydrologic effects of land-use/cover on groundwater recharge in the Yeonje-gu district of Busan, South Korea. A statistical time series analysis was conducted with temporal variations of precipitation and groundwater level to estimate lag-time based on correlation coefficients calculated from auto-correlation function (ACF), cross-correlation function (CCF), and moving average (MA) at five sites. Landform and land-use/cover within 250 m radius of the monitoring wells(GW01, GW02, GW03, GW04, and GW05) at five sites were identified by land cover and digital map using Arc-GIS software. Long lag-times (CCF: 42-71 days and MA: 148-161 days) were calculated at the sites covered by mainly impermeable surfaces(GW01, GW03, and GW05) while short lag-times(CCF: 4 days and MA: 67 days) were calculated at GW04 consisting of mainly permeable surfaces. The results suggest that lag-time would be one of the good indicators to evaluate the effects of land-use/cover on estimating groundwater recharge. The results of this study also provide guidance on the application of statistical time series analysis to environmentally important issues on creating an urban green space for natural groundwater recharge from precipitation in the city and developing a management plan for hydrological disaster prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

As the first public park in Korea, birth place of the march first independence movement, and a representative space of leisure of old men, Tapgol Park contains diverse symbolisms and meanings. In 2000, Seoul authorities selected the symbolism of the March First independence movement, and carried forward the sacralization project of Tapgol Park. They eliminated facilities, including vending machines, and restricted most of the leisure activities in the park such as drinking singing dancing, speech, playing chess, writing calligraphy, etc., and loitering. Also, they changed the park's design into a less available space with green areas and switched wooden benches to granite stone. Since the project finished, a representative phenomenon was the elderly men's exodus to Jongmyo Park, where the restrictions were not strong as in Tapgol Park. As a result, the numbers of users in Tapgol Park decreased sharply. However, overcrowded(more than 3000) Jongmyo Park is also in the middle of a sacralization project now. According to an investigation including observation and in-depth interview, most of the elderly men who use the parks almost everyday were in the low economic class. They just visit the parks everyday and chat with their peers, gaining comfort from each other. These phenomena can be interpreted as a social exclusion in society, which made the elderly men move to another place. Meanwhile, although fifteen years has passed since the project was completed, many people still regard the Tapgol Park as a place for elderly men instead of the birth place of the March First Independence Movement. This study focused on such problems and vague place identity, which is neither a memorial place nor a public park. The study discovery the fact they missed the symbolism that Tapgol Park was the first urban park of Korea. Also, it stresses that the monumentality does not need to be sacred, reverent, or inflexible. With this point of view, this study discussed public aspect and everydayness, which are included in most of the urban parks. Finally, this study suggests Tapgol Park as an urban park that has an identity that embraces the condition of monumentality, everydayness, and publicness all together.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.749-762
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• 2019

In recent years, in urban areas, underground of roads are being promoted in order to resolve traffic congestion and to secure green spaces, and due to the low ratio of large vehicles, they are planned or constructed as road tunnels for small cars only. In addition, the tunnels being built in the city is a tendency to be enlarged to play the role of main roads. Accordingly, the capacity of the ventilation system is increasing and various ventilation methods are required, and the importance of maintenance after the completion of the tunnel such as the operating cost of the ventilation system is emphasized. Therefore, the need for optimization of the operation stage for reducing the power consumption of the ventilation system and the study of the ventilation system operation control logic is increasing. In this study, the study on the necessity of the optimization of operation stage and control logic of the ventilation system was carried out to realize the energy-saving operation for the small car only passing through tunnels which is applied of ① jet fan and combination ventilation system (② jet fan + air purifying equipment, ③ jet fan + vertical shaft, ④ jet fan + supply air semi-transverse). As a result of this study, there can be various operating combinations in the case of the combined ventilation system, and even though the amount of ventilation air is the same, the operating power varies greatly according to the operating combinations. It was found that operating the axial fan first rather than the jet fan first operation method has an effect on power saving.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

Although planning techniques linking parks, green areas, and waterways have become common, there are frequent disruptions in the operation and management of landscape-use artificial channels (LuAC). Therefore, this study examined a design to promote the sustainable management and operation of a LuAC using rainwater for the streamlets of the Jeonju-Wanju Innovative City. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, scenarios were set up by dividing the design into waterhead and waterway portions. First, the scenario regarding the waterhead was analyzed to calculate the water supply and storage required for the waterway and waterhead. The analysis showed that the waterway requires a water supply of 676.8 tons/months, 3,018 tons to 5,512 tons of storage space, and a water depth of 0.75 m to 1.37 m considering the ecological and landscape aspects. The second scenario is to select an effective system of facilities for the operation and management of the LuAC. To accomplish this, a single-circulation system (SCS), which transports water to a highland location was compared to a multi-circulation system (MCS), which supplied water separately to each water space and operated independently. The results showed that the MCS, which was operated independently by small power units, was more effective owing to the vast difference in water supply operation times.