• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-65
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to identify the living pattern and the space use in Urban Houses, Seoul, Chunju, Ulsan were selected as study sites. The space organizing form and space use was investigated by means of interviews. Through various ways of analysis, we could find that the function of Anbang, Guesil, Buauk were multipurpose. Anbang was not only for sleeping but also for entertaining and family living. Guesil(living room) is slowly gearing into family and entertainment rooms. Buauk are changing to the dining room as well as kitchen.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 1984

The paper is intended to develop a typology of residential mobility and systemizes the many empirical analysis of reasons for moving. An integrated conceptual framework of decision making process for residential mobility is proposed. the traditional behavioral approaches were evaluated for its explaining power, and the results and constraints were testified. For the conceptual framework, the role of external opportunities and constrains on households was emphasized. Finally, it is suggested that the housing needs, housing constraints, and housing opportunities of urban households should be considered together form the integrated model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3237-3243
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze city's built environment that have influence on residents' health in the 40 small and medium-sized cities. In the study, landuse, urban form and facility accessibility of cities and other socio-demographic variables were used as explanatory variables, and a statistical analysis was carried out by applying multi-level analysis. Analysis shows that a high level of population density lower the obesity, and a high level of landuse-mix have a positive effect on EQ-5D & hypertension. In terms of urban form and facility accessibility, residents show a high level of obesity in an environment where roads are closely connected and access to bus service is bad. Finally, as more access to open space have a positive effect on EQ-5D. Therefore, landuse-mix, access to public transportation and open space should be used for planning factors to make a health improvement plan in cities.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2015

The paper begins with the idea of the society of the continued rooms that building connects architectural space (building interior) and urban open space (urban interior) or countryside/rural open space (territorial interior). It gives an account of, through literature review, a theoretical possibility of integrating not only architecture and urbanism but also architecture and countryside/rural planning. The first site explores the continuously articulated and connected spaces between building interior, urban interior, and territorial interior, in understanding Alberti's analogy, "A house is a little city." (1452) The second site illustrates architecture as an open boundary and a spatial medium which makes building, urban, and territorial interiors connect and makes them continuous. There is an opportunity of reading the continued relations and the continua of spaces. The third site deals with the form of building that architecture creates for building interior (society of rooms) and urban interior (society of urban rooms), and moderates the interiors. The last site clarifies the territorial interior (society of countryside/rural rooms) that constitutes homogeneous spatiality moderated by architecture between building interior and urban interior. The paper discusses the society of the continued interiors(building/urban/territorial interiors) that ought to be a fundamental truth in the field of every project which deals with a unit of space. It logically clarifies the society of the interiors, not isolated and blocked off but multilayered and continued. It comes to the conclusion that the territorial interior should be subsumed under the design field and the society of the continued rooms ought to be considered as a united object of space in the fields of interior architecture/design, architecture, landscape, urbanism and countryside/rural planning. Ultimately, it aims at offering a departing point of discourse and a theoretical foundation for the future studies on urban interior and territorial interior.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.85-101
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• 2009

The Purpose of this paper is a study on the characteristics of Campidoglio hill plan by Michelangelo. 1. The plan of the Campidoglio hill is composed of the harmonized and united space, in spite of the existing conditions of a steep flight of land, a irregular site shape, a building of each other different dimension and form. And it is newly changed by site left through the modification of existing building elevation, utilization of existing building for new planning, connection with existing building and newly planned building from plaza composition of trapezoid form. 2. The concept of planning of the Campidoglio hill is planned by compromising for requirements of Baroque after Renaissance which urban planning characteristics of Baroque is as the relation with urban street through a inclined stairs and process such as street-approach stairs-plaza-symbol of inside plaza-building. 3. The section plan of the Campidoglio hill is planned by which can be easily approached to the plaza through the inclined stairs of gentle angle from street at the center east-west direction of main axis such as main axis, utilizing the existing site shape, and it is composed of the convex shape ascending gently at the center central part of the plaza. 4. The plan of the Campidoglio hill is composed of the elation with the axis of existing Senatorio palace, building planning of perfect balance, plaza composition of reversed trapezoid form bybuilding planning, central concentrated planning of buildings surrounding plaza. 5. The three palace of the plan of the Campidoglio hill is composed of the concept as theater which the stage background forms the front elevation of Senatorio palace higher two palace and the wings of either side of stage form the front elevation of Conservatori palace and Nuovo palace, surrounding three palace elevation around plaza of trapezoid form.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

This study aims to develop rural house maintenance technique by researching and analyzing the demand for rural house by urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire. The target for the survey consisted of urban retirees or urbanites who are planning to retire at the ages between 40 and 65, and were divided into group A, the attendants in rural-related education, and group B, the non-attendants in rural-related education. The contents of the survey included the plan and purpose for rural settlement, the utilization form or residential form of rural house and its expected size, necessary in-house facilities, necessary community facilities, improvement and maintenance factors of rural house, political and legal support for the application of rural house maintenance, etc. The results findings of this study are as follows; 1)For both group, the major purpose of rural settlement appeared to be 'for rural life', utilization form of rural house to be 'acquired ownership or use of empty house', residential form to be 'cohabitation', expected size to be 'under $20{\sim}30$ pung', and expenditure to be 'under $50{\sim}100\;million$'. 2)Most wanted necessary in-house facilities included backyard, multipurpose storage room for group A, and backyard, garden for group B. Necessary community facilities included boardwalk, sewage disposal unit for group A, and boardwalk, shop for group B. 3)Improvement factor for rural house showed 'poor insulation' as first factor for both groups, and for maintenance factor, 'backyard', 'under-floor heating' for group A, and 'environmental-friendly materials', 'backyard' for group B. 4)Most wanted overall political and legal support included 'support on land and real estate supply' for group A, and 'medical and transportation service' for group B. For both group, most wanted support when purchasing a house included 'provision of information on house and realestate purchase', and for legal support, 'legal support for guaranteed house and maintenance' as first factor. The results of this study could be utilized to restructure the rural residence, which would meet the diverse demand of both rural residents and urbanites by providing an opportunity for urbanites to enjoy rural life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2021

This study intends to examine the characteristics of the construction method of the urban water system in the historical cities of Korea, focusing on Gyeongju, Gyeongju, Goryeo, Hanyang, and Suwon Hwaseong, which were created as new towns in the late Joseon Dynasty. It examines the meaning of waterways in connection with the urban skeletal structure, focusing on the location of cities, roads, and arrangement of urban facilities, and analyzes the compositional form of the water system. We tried to derive the relationship with the structure. In particular, it can be seen that water and natural water systems act as key factors in determining the location of a city, and have a close relationship with the urban structure, urban development process, and urban structure. In addition to the symbolic meaning of water in harmony with the geographical concept, realistic demands in terms of water level and water retention are an important background. In order to respond to various demands related to water space, various planning and technical elements for managing water space were introduced in the process of city formation and development. The planning elements of the urban water system in the process of urban formation and development are summarized as follows through the analysis of the research site. First, in the process of building the urban water system in Gyeongju, Goryeo, Goryeo, Hanyang, and Hwaseong, Suwon, which were selected as the research destinations, the water system in consideration of drainage and disaster is common, but the water system construction method and usability are common. shows the difference. Second, water and natural water systems act as symbolic elements to secure the legitimacy of the city location, and as a key factor in determining the location of the city in harmony with the geographical concept and determining the left direction of the city. Third, the natural water system prior to the formation of a city works as a basis for determining the compositional form of the urban water system constructed in the process of urban formation and development in harmony with the topographical conditions. Fourth, the urban water system built on the basis of natural water systems is constructed by linking natural waterways and planned artificial waterways. Fifth, the urban water system is being built in a planned manner in consideration of the utility in connection with the urban structure, such as securing of urban land, arrangement of urban facilities and areas, composition of functional areas, and land division, in addition to the perspective of drainage system and flood control in consideration of disasters.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

In this study, we characterized the physical form of allergenic Cry j 1 in the urban atmosphere. Through an immunofluorescence antibody method, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles (${\leq}1.1{\mu}m$). To determine Cry j 1 concentrations and its particle size distribution, we used the ELISA method to confirm that most Cry j 1 exists as fine particles in the urban atmosphere and is found at high concentrations on fine day next to rainy day. Furthermore, we evaluated Cry j 1 denaturation by using the Biacore J system based on the surface plasmon resonence (SPR) principle and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We showed that the dissociation constant ($K_D$) of Cry j 1 that has been exposed to urban polluted air is lower ($1.76{\times}10^{-14}$ M) than that of Cry j 1 ($1.32{\times}10^{-9}-3.37{\times}10^{-9}$ M) of original pollen grains that has not been exposed to air pollutants. Cry j 1 turns into low molecular weight proteins by reacting with various acidic solutions. In sum, we showed that allergenic Cry j 1 exists as fine particles that can deposit in the lower respiratory tract. This finding clarifies the relationship between Japanese cedar pollinosis and air pollutants.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.2 s.38
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• pp.21-38
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• 2004

This study provides a descriptive and analytical account of major aspects of urban development and transformation of housing types of Italian Firenze from the 13th century to the 19th century. It is a typo-morphological depiction of urban spatial structure of the extraordinary city, Firenze, the center of Italian Renaissance. And this study has proceeded on the assumption that the evolving form of the urban structure and housing types cannot be understood without reference to the larger context of political, economic, and social life. Based on these backgrounds, the purpose of this study is threefold: to provide a comprehensive discussion of general characteristics of urban spatial structure of Firenze, and to explain the process of formation of working-class neighborhoods by constructing new city wall in later 13th century, and to discuss transformation of housing types of the working-class neighborhood with understanding the mechanism of existence of housing in the newly formed residential neighborhoods. The development of residential neighborhoods was pursued by 'planned' manner through forming square-shaped blocks, and characterized by the subdivision of larger properties into standardized building lots for the construction of houses. On the bases of documentary evidences, several ecclesiastical institutions are identified as the agents of a distinctive type of development. While the institutions did the major role for developing lands, the construction of houses was done by small scale construction agents with moderate amount of properties. The major housing type of working-class neighborhoods of Firenze has been the 'casa a schiera' characterized by the form of narrow front and long depth. The type was generalized by the newly formed middle and working-class of Firenze which grew their body very rapidly, Even though the type assumed very uniform in its fen there were many variations. And through passing time, the casa a schiera developed to be multi-family housing, and the level of variation became deepen. Eventually, transformation of housing type of Firenze was ended by appearance of the 'casa in linea', which was very similar to modern apartment in its spatial organization.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

Through the rapid economic growth, modern society have achieved the industrialization but needed to respond to climate change and low-carbon green growth on a scale of urban area. Many studies about the low-carbon city and the green city are on going, but most of them are not integrated but go along in each area(construction, transportation, energy, etc) In this paper, we surveyed the current status of researches about information system to design low-carbon city or green city, and define the method to integrate the outcomes from the each area. As a result integrated model of 'Low-carbon Urban Planning integrated System' in the paper, Individual system is developed by way of C/S form because web system raised problems for data load in analysis. The integrated system was decided to develop by way of Web form, and integrated system was developed by can use the analysed DB in the individual system. We expect this study can help future researches to develop more economical and efficient integrated information system model to design the low-carbon city and the green city.