• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.71-79
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• 2016

Evaluation of the walkability of the urban pedestrian network requires construction of a pedestrian network model that reflects Space Syntax Theory. Space Syntax Theory deduces an integration value through which materials for evaluation of the pedestrian network's connectivity can be produced; and can aid in illustrating the ease of walkability through the model's calculation of pedestrian indices such as movability, comfort, and safety. But the representation of space syntax theory in the pedestrian network requires that turn delay be added by means of a network-type construction method. While tree-based Dial Algorithm proposed for the logit-based probability walkability distribution model may be effective for link-based pedestrian volume distribution, it requires further network expansion to reflect turn delays. In this research, Vine-based Dial Algorithm is executed in order to obtain a measure reflecting the integration value for Space Syntax Theory. The Vine-based Dial Algorithm of two adjacent links, which forms the minimum unit of the Vine network, has the advantage of encompassing turn delay, and thus eliminates the need for network expansion. Usage of the model to evaluation of complicated pedestrian spheres such as urban roads is left to further research. Especially the progression of the proposed method is deduced through case study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Many studies which assessed the function of forest are focused on usage of citizen, but studies which focused on natural-ecological function still lack. Hence, the purpose of this study is to select and apply the evaluation indicators on natural-ecological function of forest as a base research for sustainable planing and management. First, the 35 indicators were selected by the review of the internal and external 56 literature. The 12 indicators among those were reselected as natural-ecological indicator by the first survey and 7 indicators such as green area, connectivity etc. were determined through MCB analysis by the second survey. Also, the weights of 7 indicators for the functional evaluation were computed using AHP analysis by the third survey. As aresult of AHP analysis, the naturality was showed the highest indicator by 0.189, while the NDVI was evaluated the lowest indicator by 0.063. According to the result of evaluating the natural-ecological function on forest in Daegu which was selected as suitable study area, the natural-ecological functions around the Mt. Ap and Mt. Chengryong, top of Mt. Biseul had more than 85 scores, so those were assessed as an excellent area. On the other hand, the functions around the western area of Mt. Waryong and Mt. Macheon, the Mt. Daeni of Dalseong-Gun had less than 50 scores, which means that the area had to be controled by sustainable management. Therefore, we will be able to utilize the basic data for the preservation and management at urban and environmental planning through the results of this study.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 2014

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is an efficient technology for 20th century communication system. The technology provides broadband speed without the need for cables and is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard(also called Wireless MAN). Mobile WiMAX is defined as IEEE802.16e which is advanced and efficient technology for mobile telecommunication rather than GSM, CDMA technology. In this work link budget calculation for WiMAX have been done. Cell range have been calculated over digital modulations and they are BPSK, QPSK and QAM. Here different types of models like Cost 231 model have been used for different types of areas like open, rural and urban areas and Erceg-Greenstein model for sub-urban areas. Effect of various parameters like frequency, base station antenna height, transmission power and SNR over cell range have been studied. Analysis have done for both uplink and downlink.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

Construction management performs a variety of tasks, and the buildup of the WBS and OBS is one of the core tasks. However, the practical utilization of WBS and OBS is low in the current construction management work. In this study, we conducted a survey of related experts to analyze the understanding, utilization level, application effect, and connectivity of WBS and OBS. As a result, it was identify that the standardization and linkage of WBS and OBS should be secured so that the construction manager (CMr) could apply it. Therefore, we extracted management control factors through expert in-depth interviews and workshops and conducted AHP importance analysis. Analysis results of importance shows that there is a high importance of strengthening the link between WBS and OBS and updating OBS due to changes in WBS. The results presented are not direct solutions, but are expected to provide a standard for construction managers to consider.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.685-697
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• 2019

The study aimed to analyze the structure of China's passenger railway network in the years of 2008, 2013, and 2018, respectively. At the same time, it tried to investigate its derivative impact on the patterns of Chinese urban network. The analytical tool was based on the NetMiner4.0. In order to measure network characteristics of China's passenger railway network, it primarily focused on the degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality. First of all, the higher degree centralities, with a few exceptions, were observed in BeiJing, ShangHai, GuangZhou, WuHan, XiAn, ChengDu, HaErBin, and ShenYang over a decade. In contrast, the higher betweenness centralities were recorded in cities of higher development potential including WuLuMuQi, GuiYang, ShenYang, and KunMing. The closeness centrality analyses confirmed the fact that most metropoles like BeiJing, ShangHai, and GuangZhou kept the highest train accessibility during the same research period. At the same time, the opening up of a new stretch of high speed railway network has consecutively strengthened connectivity between BeiJing and TianJin. Owing to unprecedented development of railway traffic and its extensive operations, this study believes that Chinese major cities, without interruption, would pursue a series of urban policy alternatives geared towards railway stations-oriented networking and competitively try to extend their network ranges.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2019

Wetlands that provide diverse ecosystem services, such as habitat provision and hydrological control of flora and fauna, constitute ecosystems through interaction between wetlands existing in a wetlandscape. Therefore, to evaluate the wetland functions such as resilience, it is necessary to analyze the ecological connectivity that is formed between wetlands which also show hydrologically dynamic behaviors. In this study, by defining wetlands as ecological nodes, we generated ecological networks through the connection of wetlands according to the dispersal model of wetland species. The characteristics of these networks were then analyzed using various network metrics. In the case of the dispersal based on a threshold distance, while a high local clustering is observed compared to the exponential dispersal kernel and heavy-tailed dispersal model, it showed a low efficiency in the movement between wetlands. On the other hand, in the case of the stochastic dispersion model, a low local clustering with high efficiency in the movement was observed. Our results confirmed that the ecological network characteristics are completely different depending on which dispersal model is chosen, and one should be careful on selecting the appropriate model for identifying network properties which highly affect the interpretation of network structure and function.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.475-486
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to propose a policy direction to improve the service of public bicycles in Seoul by identifying the physical characteristics that affect the satisfaction level in the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle use environment. To this end, a survey was conducted on users regarding their experiences using public bicycles in Seoul, and the responses of 567 people were analyzed. IPA analysis and ordinal logistic analysis were used. An analysis of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's public bicycle IPA showed that the satisfaction level was lower than that of importance in all categories. Among them, the most urgent need for improvement was the installation of bicycle roads, improved connectivity of bicycle roads, improved road management, classification of roads and bicycle roads, improved safety during night driving, and low satisfaction levels. Second, an analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction in the public bicycle use environment showed that the model's explanatory power increased significantly from 0.062 to 0.437 after incorporating perceived variables, confirming that the perceived neighborhood environment characteristics are an important variable for determining the satisfaction level in the public bicycle use environment, among the perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics, accessibility, convenience, manageability.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the landscape ecological characteristics of green spaces within built up area of high density and evaluate the potential applicability of green patches, thereby introducing urban garden for generating green networks in residence areas. To this end, Yeoksam-Dong was selected as the site area since it is classified as both green initiative zone and alienated area of park service in Seoul. First, the current condition of green spaces in Yeoksam-Dong was identified by five categories: Street trees, private garden, public pocket garden, rooftop garden, and park. Then, the landscape index analysis through FRAGSTATS and connectivity assessment via multi-buffer zone analysis were carried out for analyzing the green networks and evaluating the potential value of green space. The results showed that the degree to which green areas in the site were distributed is arranged in the order of street tree, private garden, public pocket garden, park, and rooftop garden. In case of the street trees whose total core area (TCA, $1,618m^2$) is as high as the park's ($1,128m^2$). Private garden has potential for green network in built up area of high density by gardening since the shape of the patches are irregular (ED = 78.1m/ha) and the average distance among the patches is close (ENN=33.9m). Public pocket garden has also potential for gardening according to the result that it was found to be distributed evenly (LPI=5.7%, SHEI=0.9) with exposing external disturbance ($TCA=66m^2$). For the green network, 84% of all the study site is covered by small green network in 50m butter range of connected green area. The effect of green network was expected through gardening in public pocket garden (27%) and street tree (26%). Accordingly, it is encouraged to actively utilize street tree, private gardens, and rooftop gardens and to establish the urban gardens like local-based community gardens in public pocket garden where a variety of activities can be carried out near residential areas. By doing so, green networks can effectively be established in built up area with high density. The results of this study can contribute positively to fostering the creation of various types of urban gardens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2012

Many wildlife habitats have been destroyed and fragmented during the rapid industrialization and urbanization process in Korea. It is essential to connect these fragmented habitats to reduce road-kill of many types of endangered urban wildlife. The site selection for wildlife passages must take into account the behavior of the wildlife species for safe crossing utilizing many artificial barriers in urban areas. This study attempted to identify potential wildlife passage sites for the endangered and protected leopard cats of Gangseo Ecological Park in Seoul, Korea. A space syntax analysis, an analytical technique to objectively evaluate the spatial configurations related to passage selection, found that the integration value represents the accessibility and connectivity of spaces. In this paper, this means that the bigger the integration value, the more frequently the leopard cat passes through. The leopard cats were captured and radio-tracked for 72 hours once a month from March to June of 2009. The ArcGIS and Animal Movement of Hawth Tools were used to analyze the home range and movement paths, and Axwoman 4.0 was used to analyze space syntax. The daily average movement distance was $2.099{\pm}1.08km$. During the survey period, the leopard cats crossed over an urban expressway more than 20 times, running the risk of road-kill. The range of global integration values was 0.458~1.834, while that of the local integration was 0.210~6.061. Five sites that met across the leopard cats' movement routes and roads were selected to measure the local and global integrate values. Among these sites, the higher the integration value, the higher the road-kill possibility. Thus, two of five sites with high global and local integration values were suggested as potential wildlife passage sites for the leopard cats. Now, three tunnel passages are under construction at the suggested sites for which local integration value was highest (LI=4.369). Further studies are scheduled to verify these potential sites as suitable wildlife passages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 2019

This study was carried out to explore the 4th Industrial Revolution technology from the perspective of the landscape industry to provide the basic data necessary to increase the virtuous circle value. The 4th Industrial Revolution, the characteristics of the landscape industry and urban regeneration were considered and the methodology was established and studied including the technical classification system suitable for systematic research, which was selected as a framework. First, the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on digital data was selected, which could be utilized to increase the value of the virtuous circle for the landscape industry. From 'Element Technology Level', and 'Core Technology' such as the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Robot, 'Peripheral Technology', Virtual or Augmented Reality, Drones, 3D 4D Printing, and 3D Scanning were highlighted as the 4th Industrial Revolution technology. It has been shown that it is possible to increase the value of the virtuous circle when applied at the 'Trend Level', in particular to the landscape industry. The 'System Level' was analyzed as a general-purpose technology, and based on the platform, the level of element technology(computers, and smart devices) was systematically interconnected, and illuminated with the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on digital data. The application of the 'Trend Level' specific to the landscape industry has been shown to be an effective technology for increasing the virtuous circle values. It is possible to realize all synergistic effects and implementation of the proposed method at the trend level applying the element technology level. Smart gardens, smart parks, etc. have been analyzed to the level they should pursue. It was judged that Smart City, Smart Home, Smart Farm, and Precision Agriculture, Smart Tourism, and Smart Health Care could be highly linked through the collaboration among technologies in adjacent areas at the Trend Level. Additionally, various utilization measures of related technology applied at the Trend Level were highlighted in the process of urban regeneration, public service space creation, maintenance, and public service. In other words, with the realization of ubiquitous computing, Hyper-Connectivity, Hyper-Reality, Hyper-Intelligence, and Hyper-Convergence were proposed, reflecting the basic characteristics of digital technology in the landscape industry can be achieved. It was analyzed that the landscaping industry was effectively accommodating and coordinating with the needs of new characters, education and consulting, as well as existing tasks, even when participating in urban regeneration projects. In particular, it has been shown that the overall landscapig area is effective in increasing the virtuous circle value when it systems the related technology at the trend level by linking maintenance with strategic bridgehead. This is because the industrial structure is effective in distributing data and information produced from various channels. Subsequent research, such as demonstrating the fusion of the 4th Industrial Revolution technology based on the use of digital data in creation, maintenance, and service of actual landscape space is necessary.