• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the upper limb strength, active joint range of motion (AROM), and upper limb function in persons with chronic stroke using virtual reality training in combination with upper limb sensory stimulation. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: 20 subjects were divided into two groups of 10, the sensory motor stimulation and virtual reality training (SMVR) and virtual reality training (VR) groups. The training was conducted for 30 minutes per session, three times a week for 8 weeks.The participants' upper limb strength was measured via the hand-held dynamometer, joint angle AROM was measured via dual inclinometer, function was measured using the Jebson-Taylor hand function test and the manual function test. Results: Significant differences were observed in all groups before and after the training for upper extremity strength, AROM, and function (p<0.05). Between the two groups, the SMVR group showed significant improvement in muscle strength, AROM, and Jebsen-Taylor hand function test scores compared with the VR groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we confirmed that sensory stimulation and VR had positive effects on upper extremity strength, AROM, and function of persons with chronic stroke. The results suggest that in the future, VR in combination with sensory stimulation of the upper limb is likely to become an effective method (a rehabilitation training program) to improve the upper limb function of persons with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare EMG activity during horticulture motion and upper limb rehabilitation motion, to confirm whether horticulture motion is suitable for upper extremity rehabilitation of hemiparesis. Design: Three-group cross-sectional design. Methods: The 45 subjects were divided into three groups: hemiparesis (n=15), elderly (n=15) and healthy (n=15). We have recorded EMG signals of six upper limb muscles Upper trapezius (UT), Middle deltoid (MD), Anterior deltoid (AD), Biceps brachii (BB), Triceps brachii (TB), Brachioradialis (BR) during horticultural motions and three upper limb rehabilitative motions. The dependent variables were peak EMG, integral EMG, co-contraction ratio. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the horticultural motion and rehabilitation motion of the three groups. Results: The peak EMG was significantly different in MD, AD, BB, TB according to the motion(p<0.05), and the UT, BB were significant differences according to the group(p<0.05). The integral EMG was significantly different in MD, AD, BB, TB, BR according to the motion(p<0.05), and the BB were significant differences according to the group(p<0.05). The co-contraction ratio was significantly different in TB/BB according of the motion, and there was no difference between the groups. Conclusions: As a result of this study, horticultural motion alone was insufficient for upper arm rehabilitation, and horticultural motion alone was insufficient to induce continuous activity of the forearm.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1996

In this study, the pattern was copied by the method of Tight Fitting Techinque, which resulted from the changed body by the upper limb motion-front-vertical motion(or vertical motion in front), side-vertical motion, and horizontal motion. And, this study analyzed the change of the pattern and the observed items dimension changed to the pattern. The results are as follows: 1. In the observation of the degree of the pattern change according to the motion of upper limb, the result provides that the motion change in the range of $135^{\circ}$ to $180^{\circ}$ is the largest in front-vertical motion, $45^{circ}~90^{\circ}$ in side-vertical motion, and $0^{circ}~45^{\circ}$ in horizontal motion respectively. 2. The probability test result of the items of the motion is more related with the horizontal width item rather than the vertical length item in the front and back pattern where the back pattern has more effect than the front pattern. And the upper limb-surrounding items are more related than any otheer item. 3. The change of the pattern according to the motion shows the decrese of the neck width and the shoulder legth, the rising of the point of shoulder (or shoulder point) and armpit point, the decrease of the pattern width and the increase of the pattern length. As the angle of the motion grows vertically motion. The change of the shoulder length in the horizontal motion is smaller than that vertical. But as the angle of the motion grows horizontally, it has a tendency of decreas in th width of the front patten and the length of the pattern, whereas the width of the back pattern is noticeably increases.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2023

Most partial hand amputees experience limited wrist movement, which hinders the efficient functioning of upper limb, affecting hand-to-use coordination and the usability of the prosthetic hand. This limitation can lead to secondary musculoskeletal issues due to repetitive compensatory movement patterns. However, current partial hand prosthetic lack rotational wrist movement due to challenges in accommodating various hand shapes and limited space. In our study, we proposed a prosthetic hand with a wrist rotation module for partial hand amputees, aiming to reduce compensatory movement. To validate the proposed wrist rotation module, we conducted motion analysis during reach-to-grasp task. Furthermore, during the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, we evaluated both the effect on upper limb movement and the usability of the prosthetic hand, comparing configurations with and without the wrist rotation module. The results showed that the prosthetic hand equipped with rotational wrist movements reduces compensatory movements and promotes efficient upper limb movement patterns. This finding highlights the value of incorporating a wrist rotation module in prosthetic hands to improve upper limb movement for partial hand amputees.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1303-1306
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• 2004

We developed a symmetrical upper limb motion trainer for chronic hemiparetic subjects. This trainer enabled the practice of a forearm pronatio $n^ination and wrist flexion/extension. In this study, we have used functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) with the developed symmetrical upper limb motion device, to compare brain activation patterns elicited by flexion/extension wrist movements of control and hemiparetic subject group. In control group, contralateral somatosensory cortex(SMC) and bilateral cerebellum were activated by dominant hand movement(Task 1), while bilateral movements by dominant hand(Task 2) activated the SMC in both cerebral hemispheres and ipsilateral cerebellum. However, in hemiparetic subject group, contralateral supplymentary motor area(SMA) was activated by unaffected hand movement(Task 1), while the activation of bilateral movements by unaffected hand(Task 2) showed only SMA in the undamaged hemisphere. This study, demonstrating the ability to accurately measure activation in both sensory and motor cortex, is currently being extended to patients in clinical applications such as the recovery of motor function after stroke.ke.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.116-125
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• 2007

Human muscle skeletal model was developed for biomechanical study. The human model was consists with 19 bone-skeleton and 122 muscles. Muscle number of upper limb, trunk and lower limb part are 28, 60, 34 respectively. Bone was modeled with 3D beam element and muscle was modeled with spar element. For upper limb muscle modelling, rectus abdominis, trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii muscle and other main muscles were considered. Lower limb muscle was modeled with gastrocenemius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and related muscles. The biomechanical stress and strain analysis of human was conducted by proposed finite element analysis model under Kumdo head hitting motion. In this study structural analysis has been performed in order to investigate the human body impact by Kumdo head hitting motion. As the results, the analytical displacement, stress and strain of human body are presented.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.449-462
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• 2012

본 연구는 신체재활을 위해 다양한 꽃꽂이 작업들을 이용하기 위해서 꽃꽂이 작업 시 주로 사용되는 작업들을 분류하고, 각 작업 수행 시 사용되는 상지의 관절가동범위와 근육 활성도를 측정하였다. 또한 꽃꽂이 작업 시 상지의 관절 가동범위와 근육활성도 측정결과를 근거로 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위한 꽃꽂이 프로그램을 개발하여, 실제 임상현장에서 적용하여 그 효과를 조사하였다. 상지 움직임을 정량적으로 분석하기 위해 주요한 꽃꽂이 작업을 분류한 다음, 작업 분석을 토대로 8가지 꽃꽂이 기본 작업(자르기 1, 굵은 줄기; 자르기 2, 가는 줄기; 꽂기 1, 긴 줄기; 꽂기 2, 짧은 줄기; 말기; 관엽 이용; 휘기 1, 굵은 줄기; 휘기 2, 가는 줄기; 감기, 절화용 와이어 이용)을 재분류하였다. 강원도 소재 대학의 8명의 남학생(평균 연령 $24.1{\pm}2.5$세)들이 8가지 꽃꽂이 작업을 수행하는 동안 삼차원 실시간 동작 분석 시스템과 근 전도 측정기를 이용하여 상지의 관절가동범위와 각 근육부위별 활성도를 각각 측정하였다. 이 측정결과를 토대로 상지기능 향상을 위한 꽃꽃이 프로그램을 개발하여, 서울시 소재 재활병원에 입원한 뇌졸중 환자들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 참여대상자들의 의사에 따라 4명은 원예치료군에 나머지 4명은 작업치료군에 배정되었다. 원예치료는 1일 2회(총 33회기)로 실시되었으며, 프로그램 전과 후에 뇌졸중 환자들의 상지기능 평가를 위해서 관절가동범위와 장악력 및 전반적인 상지기능평가가 수행되었다. 꽃꽂이 작업 수행 시 어깨관절은 자르기 1 작업에서 관절가동범위의 변화가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 팔꿈치 관절은 감기 작업에서, 손목부위 관절은 휘기 1 작업에서 가장 큰 관절가동 범위를 나타냈다(P < 0.001). 수행된 꽃꽂이 작업에 따라 상지 근육의 부위별 근육 활성도는 다양한 변화를 보였으며, 한 가지 작업에 대해 여러 부위의 근육들이 동시에 사용되었다(P < 0.001). 또한 같은 방법으로 수행하는 작업일지라도 재료의 굵기나 길이에 따라 관절가동범위와 근수축의 차이가 나타났다(P < 0.001). 뇌졸중 환자의 상지기능 향상을 위해 실시된 꽃꽂이 작업을 이용한 원예치료 프로그램은 뇌졸중 환자들의 상지(어깨, 팔꿈치, 손목관절)의 가동범위와 장악력 및 전반적인 상지 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 꽃꽂이의 주요 작업을 이용하여 특정 신체부위의 기능향상이 필요한 대상자의 재활치료를 위한 프로그램 개발에 유용한 기초자료를 제시하였다. 추가적으로 실제 재활환자의 상태에 따라 효율적인 맞춤형 원예치료 프로그램을 개발하여 그 효과를 규명하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2005

We assessed whether the use of a symmetrical upper limb motion trainer in daily repetitive training for a 6-week period reduced spasticity and improved motor function in three chronic hemiparetic patients. Upper limb motor impairment and disability were measured by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Manual Muscle Test (MMT), respectively. The electromyography (EMG) of the affected hand was recorded during isometric wrist flexion and extension. In all patients, FMA and MMT scores were significantly improved after the 6-week training. However, MAS scores of the affected wrist spasticity did not change considerably. Onset and Offset delays in muscle contraction significantly decreased in the affected wrist. The co-contraction ratio of flexor and extensor muscles significantly increased after the 6-week training. Onset and offset delays of the muscle contraction and co-contraction ratio correlated significantly with the patients' FMA. This study showed that repetitive, symmetric movement training can improve upper limb motor functions and abilities in chronic hemiparetic patients. Also, the EMG assessment of motor response is likely to provide insights into mechanisms and treatment strategies for motor recovery in chronic hemiparetic patients.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the posture of dental hygiene students and clinical dental hygienists when implementing dental scaling before and after posture correction training using the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method and 3D motion analysis. Methods: Thirty-two healthy volunteers performed dental scaling to remove artificial calculus on dental manikin. The movement and angle of the joints were verified by RULA and 3D motion analysis during the procedure. The subjects were also photographed for 1 minute during the procedure for 10 minutes while the calculus was removed. After the removal of the calculus, the subject and the instructor checked the video together. Posture correction training was conducted by the instructor so that the subject could perform the calculus removal operation in the correct posture. Artificial calculus of the adjacent teeth was then removed for the same period of time, and the change in posture was reviewed. Results: The total score of the posture change using RULA was $5.72{\pm}0.58$ before training and $4.31{\pm}0.10$ after training, showing a significant decrease after training (p<0.001), and upper arm, lower arm, wrist position, neck and waist position showed significant decrease after training. The three-dimensional motion analysis showed significant differences according to the criteria measured at all measurement sites except the left shoulder (p<0.05) Conclusions: It was confirmed through RULA and 3D motion analysis that postural correction training using calculus removal images was effective, and that correct postural education is essential to preventing musculoskeletal diseases caused by removal of calculus.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.672-678
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new rehabilitation robot with upper and lower limb connections for gait training. As humans change a walking speed, their nervous systems adapt muscle activation patterns to modify arm swing for the appropriate frequency. By analyzing this property, we can find a relation between arm swinging and lower limb motions. Thus, the lower limb motion can be controlled by the arm swing for walking speed adaptation according to a patent's intension. This paper deals with the design aspects of the suggested gait rehabilitation robot, including a trajectory planning and a control strategy. The suggested robot is mainly composed of upper limb and lower limb devices, a body support system. The lower limb device consists of a slider device and two 2-dof footpads to allow walking training at uneven and various terrains. The upper limb device consists of an arm swing handle and switches to use as a user input device for walking. The body support system will partially support a patient's weight to allow the upper limb motions. Finally, we showed simulation results for the designed trajectory and controller using a dynamic simulation tool.