• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2001

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between spinal distortion and pain in elementary and middle school students. Methods : Using the phase-shifting moire developed by KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) we measured the back surface distortion, and using questionnaire investigation, we investigated the partial pain in 1008 elementary and middle school students(532 boy students(52.8%), 476 girl students(47.2%)) in Seoul in 1999. And, we statistically analyzed the relationship between spinal distortion and partial body pain Results : This study show that the more age increase, the more the pain in head, neck, shoulder, back and low back Increase considerably among the students aged 9 to 15. The ratio of each partial body pain was 28.4%, 19.7%, 18.2%, 18.7%. 16.0% at the age of 9 and 59.7%, 67.4%, 51.8%, 51.8%, 64.4% at the age of 15 respectively. And, it was shown there was a significant correlation between spine distortion and partial body pain area. When the spinal distortion was found at the upper thoracic and cervical area, the students complained the more pain on head, neck and shoulder(p<0.05) and when the spinal distortion was found at the sacral base, the more headache(p<0.05) Conclusions : It is suggested that the significant correlation exist between the spinal distortion and pain and the pain related to spine disorder get more increase as students grow. We have to study further more about Juvenile postural distortion and it's prevention.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.239-259
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• 2011

본 연구는 초등학생들의 일반화된 산술로서의 대수적 추론 능력의 실태를 알아보고자, 연산의 성질 이해 과제로 구성된 검사 도구를 이용하여 2학년 648명, 4학년 688명, 6학년 751명의 반응을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 상당수의 학생들이 문제 상황에 포함된 연산의 성질을 제대로 파악하지 못하였고, 연산의 성질을 적용하여 문제를 해결하는 데 많은 어려움을 겪는 것으로 드러났다. 연산의 성질별로는 교환법칙 과제에서는 저학년에서부터 높은 성공률을 보인 반면, 결합법칙과 분배법칙에서는 고학년에서도 매우 낮은 성공률을 보였다. 문제 상황별로는 특히, 결합법칙 및 분배법칙 과제의 경우 구체적인 수 상황에서의 성공률이 임의의 수 상황에서의 성공률에 비해 상대적으로 더 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 토대로 본 논문은 초등학교에서의 대수 지도 방안에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between internet game addiction and emotional and behavioral characteristics of students both in the 5th and 6th grade of elementary school and in middle school. Methods : Two elementary schools and two middle schools were chosen to participate. The students completed selfreport questionnaires designed by the authors, called the Internet Game Addiction Scale, Korean youth self-report (K-YSR). Results : Compared to previous studies, the rates of those in the obvious game addiction group were much lower in this study. We defined the upper 10% of internet game addiction scores as a high risk user group and the lower 10% as a control group. There were significant differences between the groups with respect to the the ages at which internet gaming began, the frequency of game play per week, and the average length of each game playing session. Significant associations were also found between the level of internet game addiction and the withdrawn and delinquency subscales of the K-YSR. However, the association between game addiction and the withdrawn subscale was found only in middle school students. Conclusion : The findings from this study suggested that withdrawn and delinquent behaviors could be predictors of internet game addiction. Results also suggested the importance of early childhood intervention for preventing the development of more severe psychopathology in early adolescence.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2010

Objectives : In order to provide basic data necessary for developing oral health education plane for school continued oral health education by understanding knowledge and activities of oral health. Methods : This study was performed against 324 students at 5th grade of 2 elementary schools in Iksan-si, Jellabuk-do selected through convenience sampling, who were in mixed dentition period that might experience dental caries of permanent tooth. Results : As results, For the knowledge level on oral health by questions, it was found that the case that the elementary school students had correct knowledge on oral health was 'chocolates, snacks, and candies were foods that might often cause dental caries' and 95.8% of the students recognized it well. It was found that for 'must do toothbrushing before going to bed', 'during toothbrushing, I clean my tongue', and 'Proper time necessary for toothbrushing is about 3 minutes', 89.3%, 93.2%, and 89.3% of the students knew the, respectively. When oral health knowledge level by groups was divided into 3 groups and observed, they were classified into Low (0-4 points), Mid (5-7 points), and High (8-10 points). It was found that the knowledge level of each group was High 64.1%, Mid 33.9%, and Low 2.0% and it was identified that the high group took the largest ratio. It was suggested also for oral health knowledge level depending on their father's academic background that there was a statistically significant difference in the group higher than university graduate(p<.05). It was found for oral health knowledge level depending on parents' dental condition that an answer that both parents were good was high and there was a statistically significant difference. But post-analysis resulted that there was no apparent difference among groups. It was found that the ratio of respondents who answered for toothbrushing method 'toothbrush should be moved and rotated downward for the upper teeth and upward for the lower teeth to clean the teeth and gum' were 33.2% of male students and 29.4% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It was found also that the ratio of respondents who answered to use a toothbrush for about 3 months' were 29.4% of male students and 25.5% of female students and showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions : Oral health program through the elementary school students and their parents for the development of proper oral health care education programs continue to be made should be considered.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-142
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내에서 이루어진 초등 수학을 중심으로 초기 대수 교육 관련 연구의 동향을 파악하고 향후 과제를 도출하기 위하여 국내 주요 수학교육 학술지 6곳에 게재된 초기 대수 교육 관련 연구논문들을 분석하였다. 2000년부터 2017년까지 18년간 6개 학술지에 게재된 관련 논문 89편을 연구시기 및 학술지별, 연구 주제별, 연구 대상별로 범주화하고 경향을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 국내 초기 대수 교육 연구는 2000년부터 전반적으로 증가하였으며 2000년대 후반부터는 특정 연구자 그룹의 논문 편수가 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 초기 대수 교육은 초등 수학 교육 분야임에도 불구하고, 초등 수학 교육 전문 학술지보다는 이외의 학술지에 더 많은 논문이 게재되었다. 연구 주제별로는 대부분의 연구가 대수적 사고의 비례 추론 내용 영역에 초점을 맞추고 있었다. 연구 대상은 학생 또는 교과서가 가장 많았고, 학생인 경우에는 초등 고학년을 대상으로 하는 연구가 가장 많았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 국내 초기 대수 교육 연구에 관한 향후 시사점을 제언하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.

• 아동학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

In upper elementary period school adjustment and the effect of parenting face a new set of dynamics. We assumed that parental supervision, affection, incoherence, over-expectation, over-interruption and logical explanation would have an effect on individual trajectories in the development of school adjustment. Additionally, we hypothesized that this model would be different among boys and girls. In this study we analyzed three waves of data collected from 2,378 children nationwide in South Korea. This data was gathered from the Panel Study of Korean Youth and Adolescents conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI). Growth-curve longitudinal analysis was conducted and the results indicate that levels of school adjustment had decreased through the $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade. Parents' supervision, affection and logical explanation significantly predict children's initial school adjustment as well as their rate of decrease in their levels of school adjustment. Parents' supervision had a positive effect on girls' school adjustment. Parents' over-expectation had negative effect on boys' school adjustment levels. Policy implications and future directions for research were also discussed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic information needed for an effective program of nutrition education and the establishment of desirable dietary attitudes in elementary school children. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the participants were 281 elementary school children. The data were analyzed in terms of the participants' gender and level of nutritional knowledge, and group differences were assessed using chi-square and Duncan's multiple range tests. The results were as following: Male and female students did not differ in nutritional knowledge. In terms of health-related life style, there were significant differences according to gender and nutrition knowledge. In terms of dietary habits, there were significant differences in the regularity of meal times according to gender and nutrition knowledge. With regard to food preferences, there was a significant gender difference in taste preferences with the male students preferring a salty taste more than the female students.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.485-498
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to find out the status of plant utilization in the current textbooks by analyzing the plants by grade and subject in the national textbooks for all elementary school grades in the 2015 revised curriculum in Korea. Methods: The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel to obtain the frequency and ratio of collected plant data and SPSS for Windows 26.0 to determine learning content areas by grade and the R program was used to visualize the learning content areas. Results: A total of 232 species of plants were presented 1,047 times in the national textbooks. Based on an analysis of the plants presented by grade, the species that continued to increase in the lower grades tended to decrease in the fifth and sixth grades, the upper grades of elementary school. As for the number and frequency of plant species by subject, Korean Language had the highest number and frequency of plant species. The types of presentation of plants in textbooks were mainly text, followed by illustrations and photos of plants, which were largely used in first grade textbooks. In addition, as for the area of learning contents in which plants are used, in the lower grades, plants were used in the linguistic domain, and in the upper grades, in the botanical and environmental domains of the natural sciences. Herbaceous plants were presented more than woody plants, and according to an analysis of the plants based on the classification of crops, horticultural crops were presented the most, followed by food crops. Out of horticultural crops, flowering plants were found the most diversity with 63 species, but the plants that appeared most frequently were fruit trees that are commonly encountered in real life. Conclusion: As a result of this study, various plant species were included in elementary school textbooks, but most of them were horticultural crops encountered in real life depending on their use. Nevertheless, plant species with high frequency have continued a similar trend of frequency from the previous curriculums. Therefore, in the next curriculum, plant learning materials should be reflected according to social changes and students' preference for plants.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 "논어"에 담겨있는 '마음' 관련 내용을 추출하여 '마음의 본질'을 생각해보고 '마음의 성장과 관련된 상담 요소'를 찾아내어 초등학생용 논어상담프로그램을 개발하는데 있다. 먼저 "논어" 속 공자의 마음교육에 근간이 되는 구절 및 "논어"와 관련된 기존 연구물을 통해 "논어"에 함의된 상담 목표, 상담 원리, 상담자의 역할, 마음의 정체와 특성, 마음의 발달단계를 알아보았다. 이를 통해 초등학생의 논어상담프로그램의 상담 요소와 효과적인 방법을 선정하고 총 10회기의 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 효과검증을 위해 음성군의 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$초등학교 고학년 아동 중 20명과 ${\triangle}{\triangle}$초등학교 20명을 각 실험집단과 통제집단으로 배치하여 실험집단의 아동에게 5주간 프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구도구는 Coopersmith(1967)의 아동용 자아존중감 검사를 재작성하여 사용한 공태수(1998)의 자아존중감 검사지와 Furman과 Bierman(1983)의 교우관계 연구에서 제작한 척도를 조성례(2001)가 재작성한 교우관계 검사지를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 논어상담프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 아동은 자아존중감과 교우관계에 있어 통제집단과 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 "논어"에 담긴 마음 성장 관련 내용을 토대로 논어 상담이라는 새로운 상담학적 연구를 이루었다는 점에서 의의가 있다.