• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2003

Morphological analysis is the most widely used method for extracting nouns from Korean texts. For every Eojeol, in order to extract nouns from it, a morphological analyzer performs frequent dictionary lookup and applies many morphonological rules, therefore it requires many operations. Moreover, a morphological analyzer generates all the possible morphological interpretations (sequences of morphemes) of a given Eojeol, which may by unnecessary from the noun extraction`s point of view. To reduce unnecessary computation of morphological analysis from the noun extraction`s point of view, this paper proposes a method for Korean noun extraction considering noun occurrence characteristics. Noun patterns denote conditions on which nouns are included in an Eojeol or not, which are positive cues or negative cues, respectively. When using the exclusive information as the negative cues, it is possible to reduce the search space of morphological analysis by ignoring Eojeols not including nouns. Post-noun syllable sequences(PNSS) as the positive cues can simply extract nouns by checking the part of the Eojeol preceding the PNSS and can guess unknown nouns. In addition, morphonological information is used instead of many morphonological rules in order to recover the lexical form from its altered surface form. Experimental results show that the proposed method can speed up without losing accuracy compared with other systems based on morphological analysis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2010

In this study, 10th grade students' views about the universe were surveyed and its affecting factors were investigated. Results showed that when hearing the word of 'the universe', 10th grade students considered it as 'a physical space'. Many students used 'feeling', or 'unknown space' to explain. When they portrayed the universe, many of them described it as a solar system scale. About the center and spatial limit of the universe, most students explained with the view of a heliocentric, geocentric or non-centered universe. Many students explained that the universe changed along with a direction as a physical space. These results were investigated again in different groups in terms of gender, beliefs, and familiarity with astronomy. As a result, students' models about the center, spatial limit, and the variation of the universe were different in the groups. Explanation of the origin of the universe was affected by the religious belief. Results showed that personal views of the universe are various, and many factors influence their views.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1005-1016
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• 2012

Recently, as growing number of consumers publish product and service reviews on the Internet, e-review has received attention from retailers and researchers. E-review, a form of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) which is typically shared between strangers whose identity and credibility are unknown, has become an important product information source as social media has facilitated information exchanges between more consumers. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of e-review attributes on purchase intention for fashion products, which is mediated by trust of e-review, as well as to explore the differences between consumer communities and cooperative communities. A questionnaire was developed based on previous researches. Data were gathered from adults living in Busan. The results were analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, and regression using SPSS 18.0. The results showed that consumers tended to recognize e-reviews from consumer communities as exaggerated information, while they considered reviews from cooperative communities as reliable information, which gave the latter higher purchase intention. There were significant differences in e-review attributes for fashion products (e.g., Exaggeration, Entertainment, Innocence, and Agreement), purchase intention between consumer communities (e.g: Blog, Internet cafe) and cooperative communities (e.g: general malls and specialty malls). For both communities, purchase intention of fashion products was influenced by its entertainment attributes and perceived trust of e-reviews. These results suggest that e-retailers need to focus on understanding the causes of purchase intention with e-reviews for fashion products. Specifically, e-retailers should recognize that e-reviews of fashion products were associated primarily with entertaining and with consumers' trust. Based on these findings, managerial implications are presented.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised learning method for modeling motion trajectory patterns effectively. In our approach, observations of an object on a trajectory are treated as words in a document for latent dirichlet allocation algorithm which is used for clustering words on the topic in natural language process. This allows clustering topics (e.g. go straight, turn left, turn right) effectively in complex scenes, such as crossroads. After this procedure, we learn patterns of word sequences in each cluster using Baum-Welch algorithm used to find the unknown parameters in a hidden markov model. Evaluation of abnormality can be done using forward algorithm by comparing learned sequence and input sequence. Results of experiments show that modeling of semantic region is robust against noise in various scene.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2003

There have been many studies on speaker normalization which aims to minimize the effects of speaker's vocal tract length on the recognition performance of the speaker independent speech recognition system. In this paper, we propose a simple vector quantizer based linear warping speaker normalization method based on the observation that the vector quantizer can be successfully used for speaker verification. For this purpose, we firstly generate an optimal codebook which will be used as the basis of the speaker normalization, and then the warping factor of the unknown speaker will be extracted by comparing the feature vectors and the codebook. Finally, the extracted warping factor is used to linearly warp the Mel scale filter bank adopted in the course of MFCC calculation. To test the performance of the proposed method, a series of recognition experiments are conducted on discrete HMM with thirteen mono-syllabic Korean number utterances. The results showed that about 29% of word error rate can be reduced, and that the proposed warping factor extraction method is useful due to its simplicity compared to other line search warping methods.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2013

Automated classification systems which utilize machine learning develops classification models through learning process, and then classify unknown data into predefined set of categories according to the model. The performance of machine learning-based classification systems relies greatly upon the quality of features composing classification models. For textual data, we can use their word terms and structure information in order to generate the set of features. Particularly, in order to extract feature from Web documents, we need to analyze tag and hyperlink information. Recent studies on Web document classification focus on feature engineering technology other than machine learning algorithms themselves. Thus this paper proposes a novel method of incorporating feature selection and weighting which can improves classification models effectively. Through extensive experiments using Web-KB document collections, the proposed method outperforms conventional ones.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

It is very important to search for and obtain an example of a similar judgment in case of court judgment. The existing judge's document search uses a method of searching through key-words entered by the user. However, if it is necessary to input an accurate keyword and the keyword is unknown, it is impossible to search for the necessary document. In addition, the detected document may have different contents. In this paper, we want to improve the effectiveness of the method of vectorizing a document into a three-dimensional space, calculating cosine similarity, and searching close documents in order to search an accurate judge's example. Therefore, after analyzing the similarity of words used in the judge's example, a method is provided for extracting the mode and inserting it into the text of the text, thereby providing a method for improving the cosine similarity of the document to be retrieved. It is hoped that users will be able to provide a fast, accurate search trying to find an example of a tax-related judge through the proposed model.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.429-449
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• 1992

The consumption of foods rich in TDF should not be associated with impaired mineral absorp-tion and long-term mineral status. In surveys of populations consuming high amounts of TDF e.g Third World populations and vegetarinas gross deficiencies in mineral nutrition have not been noted. If mineral status is low among these groups it is most likely caused by the inadequacy or imbalance of the diet and not by the TDF. The key word is interaction which should be inte-rpreted in dietary imbalances that produce nut-rient deficiencies. There are no strong data to support the concept that TDF inhibits mineral absorption through a binding chelation mechanism. Limited data sug-gest that positively charged groups on polymers such as chitosan and cholestyramine will decrease iron absorption in humans and animals. Because TDF does not contain positively charged groups future research should be directed at the possible role of protein consumed along with TDF and the combination of effects on mineral nutrition Phytic acid is acknowledged as a potent chela-tor of zinc. However its association with zinc and its propensity to lower Zn bioavaiability may enhance the absorption of other elements notably copper and iron. The importance of interactions among nutrients including TDF will gain addi-tional attention in the scientific community. Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber function di-fferently in the intestine. Insoluble fibers accele-rate movement through the intestine. Soluble die-tary fibers appear to regulated blood concentra-tions of glucose and cholesterol albeit by some unknown mechanism. In creased viscosity produ-ced by the SDF in the intestine may provide an explanation of how this class of polymers affects plasma glucose cholesterol and other nutrients. Employing a double-perfusion technique in the rat we demonstrated that viscosity produced by SDF will delay transfer of zinc into the circulatory system. This delayed absorption should not be interpreted as decreased utilization. A great deal of additional research is required to prove the importance of luminaly viscosity produced by SDF on slowing nutrient absorption or regulating bllod nutrient homeostasis. Increased intake of TDF in the total human diet appears desirable. A dietary intake of 35g/day should not be considered to have a negative effect on mineral absorption. It is important to educate people that an intake of more than 35g TDF/day may cause an imbalance in the diet that can adve-rsely affect mineral utilization. Acknowledgments. Appreciation is given to Dr. George V. Vahouny(deceased) who was intense a great competitor in and out of science and who gave the author inspiration Portions of this work were supported by the University of Missouri Ag-ricultural Station and by a grant from the Univer-rch Support Grant RR 07053 from the National Institutes of Health. Contribution of the Missouri Agriculatural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 10747.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.7-24
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• 2007

The subject is connected with a structure named "The Symbolic" to Lacan, but he denied that the subject is explained simply as a fruit of language and "Other". From his point of view, passing through Subject, De-formation and Crack over it is designated as foundation of generation and creation rather than our destined defect. It should not be understood that subject of "The Real" is a concept of the subject free itself from restraint of "The Symbolic". However, this does not mean he asserts "Subject" is something incapable of being controlled by the unknown power. The problem is that this autonomous existence meets inside of it with something "more than one's own self" by "circulating around itself" like a permanent star. This is the indication of a "stranger in the middle of my privacy", or "extimit$\'{e}$", a coined-word by Lacan. Perhaps "Subject" is nothing more than the name of distance of object which is "too hot" to come close, and of this circulating movement. It's because of this object that the real subject stands against generalization and the subject can't be restored to any place in symbolic order-even though it is empty. The part which is told from Lacan's structural theory, that is to say, an importance to Lacan is that his Subject theory is not suggested or denied as a manual structure. On the contrary, it is a study of the relationship between the settled symbol that included in "real subject which is a unconscious one" and the symbolic subject hold- that is a metaphysical subject in general meaning. In Lacan's enlarged concept of subject beyond symbolic reality, it is noticeable that it gives justifiability to the union of a medium of different nature in artistic expression. We can recognize that the unconscious world is a living space which enables it to be a "condition of human being", not something dark under the surface of water through Magritte's(Rene Magritte, 1898~1967) surrealistic works. In other words, Magritte's art secures a core dimension of human nature through a mysterious gap of conscious and settled space. Magritte's drawings often evokes strange and unsettling feelings in people who view his paintings. This is because routine objects are found in "unsuitable" places from which we usually find them in our everyday lives. "Reality" in Magritte's paintings makes it aware that it is a strained field of concealment and disclosure basically between truths, and we can learn that his behavior to overturn to paint in-visible things is finally an effort to restore the "real subject" to the viewer's reality. In other words, such reversion arouses a nostalgic desire for the objects existing in their original appearance as they are - natural condition that our gaze had not been distorted yet by anamorphic stains. - and the state when we are conscious of them normally. Such desire offers an opportunity for us to get out of mental depression rather than operates to us as an abnormal crack. It's a successive process of effort to search for lost subject and Paradise Lost facing up to reality of subject human that is to be a subject of world and life are ousted from their place by structure and authority of culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.538-558
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• 2022

The perivascular space (PVS) of the brain, also known as Virchow-Robin space, consists of cerebrospinal fluid and connective tissues bordered by astrocyte endfeet. The PVS, in a word, is the route over the arterioles, capillaries, and venules where the substances can move. Although the PVS was identified and described first in the literature approximately over 150 years ago, its importance has been highlighted recently after the function of the waste clearing system of the interstitial fluid and wastes was revealed. The PVS is known to be a microscopic structure detected using T2-weighted brain MRI as dot-like hyperintensity lesions when enlarged. Although until recently regarded as normal with no clinical consequence and ignored in many circumstances, several studies have argued the association of an enlarged PVS with neurodegenerative or other diseases. Many questions and unknown facts about this structure still exist; we can only assume that the normal PVS functions are crucial in keeping the brain healthy. In this review, we covered the history, anatomy, pathophysiology, and MRI findings of the PVS; finally, we briefly touched upon the recent trials to better visualize the PVS by providing a glimpse of the brain fluid dynamics and clinical importance of the PVS.