• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1014-1024
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• 2010

Pepper ($Capsicum$ spp.) anthracnose caused by $Colletotrichum$ $acutatum$ is a destructive disease susceptible to areas where chili peppers are grown. $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ var. $pendulum$ (Cbp) is resistant to anthracnose and has actively been used for interspecific hybridization for the introgression of resistance gene(s) into cultivated chili peppers. The goals of this study were to determine the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose within $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ and to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the anthracnose resistance. A genetic mapping population consisting of 126 $F_2$ plants derived from a cross between $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ var. $pendulum$ (resistant) and $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ 'Golden-aji' (susceptible) was used for linkage mapping. The linkage map was constructed with 52 SSRs, 175 AFLPs, and 100 SRAPs covering 1,896cM, with an average interval marker distance of 4.0cM. Based on this map, the number, location, and effect of QTLs for anthracnose resistance were studied using plants inoculated in the laboratory and field. A total of 19 quantitative trait loci (2 major QTLs and 16 minor QTLs) were detected. Two QTLs ($An8.1$, $An9.1$) showed 16.4% phenotypic variations for anthracnose resistance after wounding inoculation. In addition, five minor QTL loci ($An7.3$, $An7.4$, $An4.1$, $An3.1$, $An3.2$) showed a total of 60.73% phenotypic variations of anthracnose resistance in the field test. Several significant QTLs were also detected and their reproducibility was confirmed under different inoculation conditions. These QTLs are now being confirmed with different breeding populations. Markers tightly linked to the QTLs that are reliable under different environmental conditions will help to determine the success of marker-assisted selection for anthracnose -resistant breeding programs in chili pepper.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1996

A nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted in the greenhouse at Suwon Campus. Kyung-Hee University from May 23 to July 11. 1995, to determine the effects of potassium application on seedling growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars of corn. Potassium was treated with four different levels, which are 0.248.496 and 744ppm for treatments without potassium (-k), standard potassium concentration (K), double(2k) and triple (3k) of standard potassium concentration, respectively. Plants were harvested at weekly interval for seven weeks. at which time plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of corn seedling were measured, only chlorophyll content was taken for five weeks from three week after planting. Seedlings growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was greatly retarded from planting to harvesting time in 3k treatment. The plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of both cultivars during the whole period were decreased in order of K>2F>-K>3K, but dry matter yield of Kwanganok cultivar was decreased in order of 2K>K>-K>3K. Chlorophyll content of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was irregularly fluctuated during growing period. but generally highest in K treatment and lowest in 3k treatment. The crop growth rates of seedlings of both cultivars were slow until the 3rd week after planting. but very fast thereafter. In general, CGR of both cultivars was higher in K and 2k treatments than -k and 3k treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to comparison study on the productivity for certified varieties of import adaptability of silage corn in Pyeongchang area. Total eight varieties (Gangpyeongok, 31N27, 32P75, 32W86, P3156, P3394, DK 689 및 DK 729) were evaluated. The experimental design was 8 treatment of randomized block with three replications. Corn varieties were cultivated in experimental field of Pyeongchang campus, SNU from 1 May to 2 September, 2015 and plot size was $15m^2$. Plant height of 32W86 and ear height of Gwanpyeongok was the highest (p<0.05). Tasseling and silking date was 27 July-3 August and silking occurred after 1-3 day of tasseling. Average day to silking was 92 days and that of 31N27 variety was short (p<0.05). The varieties of DeKalbo Company (DK 689 and DK 729) required more times to silking. Average GDD (growth degree day) of eight varieties was $1,023^{\circ}C$ and P3352 was the lowest GDD. In the trials of resistance evaluation, P3394 was strong in disease, P3156 was the highest in insect. All varieties did not show the lodging and variety of DK 729 showed the highest stay green score (p<0.05). Average dry matter content was 30.77%, it showed higher trend in DM. 32W86 was the highest DM content among the varieties, but there was no significant difference among varieties (p>0.05). The weight per ear was the highest in 32W86 and the lowest in Gwanpyeongok. The ration of ear to whole plant was higher in 32W86 and P3394, but it was not found the significant difference (p>0.05). Average yield of fresh and DM was 59,017 and 13,476 kg/ha, respectively. DK 689 showed higher DM and TDN yield than others, but there was not significant difference (p>0.05). According to results, the difference of productivity was not found among certified variety of import adaptability of silage corn. The varieties Gwanpyeongok, 32W86 and 32P75 would be recommendable in Pyeongchang area for stable cultivation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.507-522
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• 2001

At the Tongyeong mine, quartz, rhodochrosite (kutnahorite), muscovite, illite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite. sphalerite, acanthite, and hessite are the principal vein minerals. They were deposited under epithermal conditions in two stages. Ore mineral assemblages and associated gangue phases in stage can be clearly divided into two general associations: an early cycle (band) that appeared with introduction of most of the sulfides and electrum, and a later cycle in which base metal and carbonate-bearing assemblages (mostly rhodochrosite) became dominant. Tellurides and some electrum occur as small rounded grains within subhedral-to euhedral pyrite or anhedral galena in stageII. Sulfide mineralization is zoned from pyrite to galena and sphalerite. We have used computer modeling to simulate formation of four stages of vein genesis. The reaction of a single fluid with andesite host rock at 28$0^{\circ}C$, isobaric cooling of a single fluid from 26$0^{\circ}C$ to 12$0^{\circ}C$, and boiling and mixing of a fluid with both decreasing pressure and temperature were studied using the CHILLER program. Calculations show that the precipitation of alteration minerals is due to fluid-andesite interaction as temperature drops. Speciation calculations confirm that the hydrothermal fluids with moderately high salinities and pH 5.7 (acid), were capable of transporting significant quantities of base metals. The abundance of gold in fluid depends critically on the ratio of total base metals and iron to sulfide in the aqueous phase because gold is transported as an Au(HS)$_2$- complex, which is sensitive to sulfide activity. Modeling results for Tongyeong mineralization show strong influence of shallow hydrogenic processes such as boiling and fluid mixing. The variable handing in stageII mineralization is best explained by maltiple boilings of hydrothermal fluid followed by lateral mixing of the fluid with overlying diluted, steam-heated ground water. The degree of similarity of calculated mineral assemblages and observed electrum composition and field relationships shows the utility of the numerical simulation method in identifying chemical processes that accompany boiling and mixing in Te-bearing Au-Ag system. This has been applied in models to narrow the search area for epithermal ores.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2010

An Internet shopping mall for clothing operates a warehouse for packing and shipping products to fulfill its orders. All the products in the warehouse are put into the boxes of same brands and the boxes are stored in a row on shelves equiped in the warehouse. To make picking and managing easy, boxes of the same brands are located side by side on the shelves. When new products arrive to the warehouse for storage, the products of a brand are put into boxes and those boxes are located adjacent to the boxes of the same brand. If there is not enough space for the new coming boxes, however, some boxes of other brands should be moved away and then the new coming boxes are located adjacent in the resultant vacant spaces. We want to minimize the movement of the existing boxes of other brands to another places on the shelves during the warehousing of new coming boxes, while all the boxes of the same brand are kept side by side on the shelves. Firstly, we define the adjacency of boxes by looking the shelves as an one dimensional series of spaces to store boxes, i.e. cells, tagging the series of cells by a series of numbers starting from one, and considering any two boxes stored in the cells to be adjacent to each other if their cell numbers are continuous from one number to the other number. After that, we tried to formulate the problem into an integer programming model to obtain an optimal solution. An integer programming formulation and Branch-and-Bound technique for this problem may not be tractable because it would take too long time to solve the problem considering the number of the cells or boxes in the warehouse and the computing power of the Internet shopping mall. As an alternative approach, we designed a fast heuristic method for this reallocation problem by focusing on just the unused spaces-empty cells-on the shelves, which results in an assignment problem model. In this approach, the new coming boxes are assigned to each empty cells and then those boxes are reorganized so that the boxes of a brand are adjacent to each other. The objective of this new approach is to minimize the movement of the boxes during the reorganization process while keeping the boxes of a brand adjacent to each other. The approach, however, does not ensure the optimality of the solution in terms of the original problem, that is, the problem to minimize the movement of existing boxes while keeping boxes of the same brands adjacent to each other. Even though this heuristic method may produce a suboptimal solution, we could obtain a satisfactory solution within a satisfactory time, which are acceptable by real world experts. In order to justify the quality of the solution by the heuristic approach, we generate 100 problems randomly, in which the number of cells spans from 2,000 to 4,000, solve the problems by both of our heuristic approach and the original integer programming approach using a commercial optimization software package, and then compare the heuristic solutions with their corresponding optimal solutions in terms of solution time and the number of movement of boxes. We also implement our heuristic approach into a storage location assignment system for the Internet shopping mall.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.71-97
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• 2011

Over the last twenty years, sponsorship has been used very widely as an important marketing tool that enhances corporate image. Since it has proven to be effective in creating positive perceptions of the company, many marketers have sponsored a variety of consumer-related activities. However, sponsorship has also been criticized as it can be related to ambush marketing and excessive commercialism which trigger negative consumer responses. Unlike the existing study on the sponsorship marketing, this study intends to investigate its negative effects. The study was conducted based on the persuasion knowledge model which was proposed by Fristed and Wright (1994) and investigated consumer responses to ulterior motive of sponsorship marketing. According to the persuasion knowledge model, consumers activate their persuasion knowledge to see the agent's commercial motive; there are several antecedents to the persuasion knowledge activation such as the source familiarity, the marketer's effort and the appropriateness of persuasion. Also, existing studies have pointed out the sponsor-event fit and the sponsor's integrity as crucial factors which influence consumer attitude. By taking a survey of people who watched the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, we tried to examine how the sponsor familiarity and the sponsor-event fit as pre-existing variables which have been formed based on the prior consumer knowledges/memories as well as the sponsor effort and the sponsor integrity as situational variables activated based on the specific persuasion episode influenced persuasion knowledge. We also tried to test the potential moderating role of sponsorship type (i.e., official sponsorship versus marketing focused) on the causal path from the persuasion knowledge and the consumer attitude from the perspective of the appropriateness of persuasion. The results show that the sponsor familiarity, the sponsor-event fit, and the marketer's effort have significant effects on the persuasion knowledge activation, and the sponsorship type has moderating role in the sponsorship effectiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of artificial menopause on the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer, and to provide basic data for cancer prevention and early diagnosis in women. Methods: Analysis was conducted using raw data from the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the 79,262 people surveyed in the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 10,207 people were selected as the final research subjects, excluding men, those under 18 years old, those over 80 years old, those who did not participate in the health survey, those with missing data, and those who were not in menopause. Among them, 248 people were diagnosed with thyroid cancer (2.7%), 225 people were diagnosed with breast cancer (2.5%), and 143 people were diagnosed with cervical cancer (21.5%). Results: First, there appeared to be differences between the thyroid cancer diagnosed group and the non-diagnosed group depending on educational level, childbirth experience, and menopause type. Second, there appeared to be differences between the breast cancer diagnosis group and the non-diagnosis group depending on educational level, menopause age, pregnancy experience, childbirth experience, subjective health status, and menopause type. Third, there appeared to be differences between the cervical cancer diagnosis group and the non-diagnosis group depending on menopause age, subjective health status, and menopause type. Fourth, compared to natural menopause, in the case of artificial menopause, the diagnosis probability of women increased by 2.010 times for thyroid cancer, 3.872 times for breast cancer, and 14.902 times for cervical cancer. Conclusion: For thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer, the probability of cancer diagnosis increases in the case of artificial menopause compared to natural menopause, so it is considered important to avoid experiencing artificial menopause to prevent cancer.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.149-171
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• 2020

The period at university is to make decision about getting an actual job. As our society develops rapidly and highly, jobs are diversified, subdivided, and specialized, and students' job preparation period is also getting longer and longer. This study analyzed the log data of college students to see how the various activities that college students experience inside and outside of school might have influences on employment. For this experiment, students' various activities were systematically classified, recorded as an activity data and were divided into six core competencies (Job reinforcement competency, Leadership & teamwork competency, Globalization competency, Organizational commitment competency, Job exploration competency, and Autonomous implementation competency). The effect of the six competency levels on the employment status (employed group, unemployed group) was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the difference in level between the employed group and the unemployed group was significant for all of the six competencies, so it was possible to infer that the activities at the school are significant for employment. Next, in order to analyze the impact of the six competencies on the qualitative performance of employment, we had ANOVA analysis after dividing the each competency level into 2 groups (low and high group), and creating 6 groups by the range of first annual salary. Students with high levels of globalization capability, job search capability, and autonomous implementation capability were also found to belong to a higher annual salary group. The theoretical contributions of this study are as follows. First, it connects the competencies that can be extracted from the school experience with the competencies in the Human Resource Management field and adds job search competencies and autonomous implementation competencies which are required for university students to have their own successful career & life. Second, we have conducted this analysis with the competency data measured form actual activity and result data collected from the interview and research. Third, it analyzed not only quantitative performance (employment rate) but also qualitative performance (annual salary level). The practical use of this study is as follows. First, it can be a guide when establishing career development plans for college students. It is necessary to prepare for a job that can express one's strengths based on an analysis of the world of work and job, rather than having a no-strategy, unbalanced, or accumulating excessive specifications competition. Second, the person in charge of experience design for college students, at an organizations such as schools, businesses, local governments, and governments, can refer to the six competencies suggested in this study to for the user-useful experiences design that may motivate more participation. By doing so, one event may bring mutual benefits for both event designers and students. Third, in the era of digital transformation, the government's policy manager who envisions the balanced development of the country can make a policy in the direction of achieving the curiosity and energy of college students together with the balanced development of the country. A lot of manpower is required to start up novel platform services that have not existed before or to digitize existing analog products, services and corporate culture. The activities of current digital-generation-college-students are not only catalysts in all industries, but also for very benefit and necessary for college students by themselves for their own successful career development.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2002

This study serves the purpose of understanding about correct jump and landing motion through Kinematical Analysis of Straddle Jump to Push up Motion at target by four elite sports aerobics athletes have more than four years career. And further more that make good assistance for coaches effective guidance through an offer basic data and correct diagnosis, evaluate of motions. It was picture-taked by two-video camera for Straddle Jump to Push up Motions. Camera speeds are 60 frame/sec. There are Kinematical Variation elements for analysis, the displacement of COG, each angle displacement left/right of shoulder-joint, each angle displacement left/right of knee-joint and each speed left/right of tip of the toes. Every each person accomplished severaly 3 times and we have acquired this conclusion. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Each situation for displacement of COG showed low height of COG by phase 1, 4, 5(79.05${\pm}9.07,\;46.41{\pm}3.65,\;18.66{\pm}0.54cm$) and It showed high height of COG by phase 2, 3($120.80{\pm}6.13,\;148.12{\pm}9.19cm$). 2. Each displacement left, right of shoulder-joint flexion by phase 1($91.07{\pm}8.30,\;90.77{\pm}5.72$deg/sec)and It showed maximal extension angles by phase 2($102.48{\pm}10.00,\;102.39{\pm}10.51$deg/sec). in part of phase 3, left of shoulder-joint angle($94.43{\pm}4.12$deg/sec) showed flexion phase 1, the other right shoulder-joint angle(88.38${\pm}$4.98deg/sec) showed more a little lower than phase 1, in last phase that showed most low by phase 4($70.58{\pm}13.72,\;54.24{\pm}11.58$deg/sec). 3. Each displacement left, right of hip joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 2, 3($160.35{\pm}22.68,\;1534.77{\pm}5.40$deg/sec, $150.04{\pm}12.79,\;145.54{\pm}13.00$deg/sec) beside, ankle-joint showed minimal angle by phase 1, 4($93.59{\pm}18.92,\;85.37{\pm}13.23$deg/sec, $66.60{\pm}15.77,\;80.60{\pm}16.57$deg/sec). 4. Each displacement left, right of hip joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 2($157.15{\pm}9.13,\;163.52{\pm}8.18$deg/sec), and right of hip joint showed minimal angle by phase 3($110.87{\pm}13.81,\;77.53{\pm}8.95$deg/sec) It showed alike condition of low angle by phase 1, 4($91.04{\pm}2.31,\;96.26{\pm}2.20$deg/sec). 5. Each displacement left, right of knee-joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 1, 3, 4($173.46{\pm}2.95,\;171.51{\pm}5.44$deg/sec, $172.24{\pm}4.49,\;171.26{\pm}0.65$deg/sec, $162.78{\pm}2.13,\;164.10{\pm}5.97$deg/sec) but It showed flexion only left of knee-joint by phase 2($164.45{\pm}7.51,\;159.38{\pm}3.48$deg/sec). 6. Each speed left, right of the tip of the toes showed most fastest when someone jumped with lift up leges by phase 1, 2($321.32{\pm}67.91,\;316.90{\pm}41.97$cm/sec, $410.06{\pm}153.06,\;399.77{\pm}189.34$cm/sec), It showed more less speed than phase 1,2 by phase 3($169.74{\pm}67.17,\;150.00{\pm}63.80$cm/sec) and It showed most slow speed than phase 1,2,3 by phase 4($87.22{\pm}34.90,\;85.72{\pm}52.23$cm/sec).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.404-410
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• 2014

In this study, we conducted an analysis of the drumming bioacoustics of three woodpeckers typical to South Korea. The targeted species were, from largest to smallest in size, the Black Woodpecker(Dryocopus martius), the Great Spotted Woodpecker(Dendrocopos major) and the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker(Dendrocopos Kizuki). The drumming sounds of these three species of woodpeckers were recorded and analyzed. Sound recordings were taken in the Guryongsa Valley, Chiaksan National Park and on the campus of Sangji University, Wonju City, South Korea. Drumming recordings were obtained in the following manner. As researchers walked along trails in the investigation areas, when woodpecker drumming sounds were indicated, positive identification of the species was made using binoculars then the recording of the drumming sound was started. The average time per drumming, in seconds, was Black Woodpecker(D. martius) 1.614 seconds, Great Spotted Woodpecker(D. major) 0.683 seconds and Japanese Pygmy woodpecker(D. Kizuki) 0.200 seconds. The average number of strikes for each drumming was Black Woodpecker(D. martius) 31.2 times, Great Spotted Woodpecker(D. major) 14.9 times and Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker(D. Kizuki) 6.7 times. The strike speed, in strikes/sec, for each species was the Black Woodpecker(D. martius)19.3strikes/sec, the Great Spotted Woodpecker(D. major) 21.8strikes/sec and Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker(D. Kizuki)33.3strikes/sec. The frequency of drumming, in Hertz, was Black Woodpecker(D. martius) 776.9Hz, Great Spotted Woodpecker (D. major) 1,213.8Hz and Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker(D. Kizuki) 826.0Hz. In interpreting this data, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used and it was determined that there was a significant statistical difference between species in drumming duration, time and interval of striking. The findings support that the bigger the biomass of the woodpecker, the longer the drumming duration and striking time. However, the smaller the size of the woodpecker, the faster the strike speed. A correlation between body type size and drumming characteristics was clearly identified. As for strike frequency, measured in Hertz, the medium sized Great Spotted Woodpecker's (D. major) frequency was high whereas the Black Woodpecker(D. martius) and Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker's(D. Kizuki) frequency was similar. A clear trend in reference to body size on this measure does not exist.