• 대한수학회보
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the eigenvalue problem of Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger-type operator on bounded domains in strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds and obtain some universal inequalities for lower order eigenvalues. Moreover, we will give some generalized Reilly-type inequalities of the first nonzero eigenvalue of the sub-Laplacian on a compact strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold without boundary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2011

We here investigate the Liouville type theorems of slow diffusion differential inequality and its coupled system with variable coefficients in cone. First, we give the definition of global weak solution, and then we establish the universal estimate (does not depend on the initial value) of solution by constructing test function. At last, we obtain the nonexistence of non-negative non-trivial global weak solution within the appropriate critical exponent. The main feature of this method is that we need not use comparison theorem or the maximum principle.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose the distributed robust beamforming design scheme in cognitive two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks with imperfect channel state information (CSI). Assuming the CSI errors follow a complex Gaussian distribution, the objective of this paper is to design the robust beamformer which minimizes the total transmit power of the collaborative relays. This design will guarantee the outage probability of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) beyond a target level at each secondary user (SU), and satisfies the outage probability of interference generated on the primary user (PU) above the predetermined maximum tolerable interference power. Due to the multiple CSI uncertainties in the two-way transmission, the probabilistic constrained optimization problem is intractable and difficult to obtain a closed-form solution. To deal with this, we reformulate the problem to the standard form through a series of matrix transformations. We then accomplish the problem by using the probabilistic approach based on two sorts of Bernstein-type inequalities and the worst-case approach based on S-Procedure. The simulation results indicate that the robust beamforming designs based on the probabilistic method and the worst-case method are both robust to the CSI errors. Meanwhile, the probabilistic method can provide higher feasibility rate and consumes less power.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-34
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the controversial attempt to establish a new public medical school linked to compulsory service as a means of strengthening public healthcare in Korea, and to raise anticipated problems with possible solutions. In Korea, healthcare is predominantly provided by the private sector focused on medical care, rather than public healthcare, even under the national health insurance system. The government has been mainly in charge of public health and unmet medical services from a residual perspective, but health inequalities still exist. To resolve this issue, the government created the concept of public health and medical service (PHMS) from a universal perspective and tried to strengthen the infrastructure of public healthcare and to foster core PHMS doctors by establishing a new public medical school linked to compulsory service in medically vulnerable areas. This study investigated the reality and concept of the new public medical school planned by the government, and identified problems such as the possibility of obtaining accreditation and evaluation before its establishment, the side effects of dividing doctors' roles, the waste of huge amounts of resources, and insensitive policies. In conclusion, in order to resolve health inequalities in Korea, we need to train doctors through medical school education that strengthens the social responsibility of doctors along with strengthening public healthcare infrastructure, and to provide a better environment for doctors working in medically vulnerable areas through sophisticated policies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.266-274
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• 2020

Objectives: Describe out-of-pocket payment (OOP) and the proportion of Peruvian households with catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and evaluate changes in socioeconomic inequalities in CHE between 2008 and 2017. Methods: We used data from the 2008 and 2017 National Household Surveys on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO in Spanish), which are based on probabilistic stratified, multistage and independent sampling of areas. OOP was converted into constant dollars of 2017. A household with CHE was assumed when the proportion between OOP and payment capacity was ≥0.40. OOP was described by median and interquartile range while CHE was described by weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To estimate the socioeconomic inequality in CHE we computed the Erreygers concentration index. Results: The median OOP reduced from 205.8 US dollars to 158.7 US dollars between 2008 and 2017. The proportion of CHE decreased from 4.9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.2) in 2008 to 3.7% (95% CI, 3.4 to 4.0) in 2017. Comparison of socioeconomic inequality of CHE showed no differences between 2008 and 2017, except for rural households in which CHE was less concentrated in richer households (p<0.05) and in households located on the rest of the coast, showing an increase in the concentration of CHE in richer households (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although OOP and CHE reduced between 2008 and 2017, there is still socioeconomic inequality in the burden of CHE across different subpopulations. To reverse this situation, access to health resources and health services should be promoted and guaranteed to all populations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

Objectives: Access to maternal and neonatal care services (MNCS) is an important goal of health policy in developing countries. In this study, we proposed a 3-level hierarchical location-allocation model to maximize the coverage of MNCS providers in Iran. Methods: First, the necessary criteria for designing an MNCS network were explored. Birth data, including gestational age and birth weight, were collected from the data bank of the Iranian Maternal and Neonatal Network national registry based on 3 service levels (I, II, and III). Vehicular travel times between the points of demand and MNCS providers were considered. Alternative MNCS were mapped in some cities to reduce access difficulties. Results: It was found that 130, 121, and 86 MNCS providers were needed to respond to level I, II, and III demands, respectively, in 373 cities. Service level III was not available in 39 cities within the determined travel time, which led to an increased average travel time of 173 minutes to the nearest MNCS provider. Conclusions: This study revealed inequalities in the distribution of MNCS providers. Management of the distribution of MNCS providers can be used to enhance spatial access to health services and reduce the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. This method may provide a sustainable healthcare solution at the policy and decision-making level for regional, or even universal, healthcare networks.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.35-60
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• 2016

본 연구는 보육을 둘러싼 갈등이 계속적으로 심화되는 한국사회에서 공보육서비스, 부모휴가급여, 양육수당 등 대표적인 가족정책을 통한 급여가 가구소득, 엄마의 노동시장에서의 지위 등 계층에 따라 불평등하게 분배되고 있는 양상을 분위회귀분석(quantile analysis)을 통해 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보육서비스와 휴가급여 측면에서 모두 가구소득과 여성의 노동시장에서의 지위에 따라 이용률에서의 차이가 발견되었다. 둘째, 가족정책을 통한 지원금의 수준이 가구소득 4분위, 어머니가 상용직인 집단에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 다중회귀분석 결과, 1분위를 기준으로 4분위, 맞벌이가구, 어머니가 상용직인 경우, 그리고 미취학 자녀수가 많고 부모 학력이 높을수록 가족정책을 통한 지원금의 수준이 증가하였다. 마지막으로 분위회귀분석을 통해 가족정책 지원금 불평등의 영향요인을 분석한 결과, 전업모를 기준으로 상용직이라는 엄마의 안정적인 근로형태가 가족정책 급여의 차이와 불평등을 심화시키는 대표적인 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 한국의 가족정책이 가진 보편성과 재분배 속성이 구현되기 위한 방안으로서 근로형태에 관계없이 정책 접근 권리에 대한 평등한 보장, 이전소득을 통한 저소득가구에 대하여 최저소득 보장, 정책의 보편적 적용의 보장 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2022

지식과 정보에 대한 접근은 보편적 인권이다. 그러나 2013년 6월 27일 마라케시 조약이 채택된 후에도 대다수 국가에서 시각장애인을 포함한 독서장애인이 접근 가능한 자료는 표준 인쇄물의 1-7%에 불과하고 도서관서비스도 매우 취약하여 도서 기근이 계속되고 있다. 이러한 심각한 격차 및 불평등에 주목한 본 연구는 주요 선진국에서 민간단체가 장애인서비스를 주도하는 미국 Learning Ally와 Bookshare, 영국 RNIB, 프랑스 BNFA, 일본 SAPI를 분석하였다. 주요 내용은 모태와 발전, 법적 근거와 주요 정책, 도서관과의 관계, 회원제도, 서비스 체계와 내용, 대체자료의 개발과 확보, 서비스 제공 실적 등이다. 그리고 도출된 시사점과 마라케시 조약을 기반으로 국내 도서관 장애인서비스 강화를 위한 전략적 과제를 제안하였다. 장애인 '독서장벽 해소를 위한 법률' 제정 촉구, 도서관서비스를 제약하는 「저작권법」 관련 조항 개정, 국립장애인도서관 조직역량 강화, 도서관평가에서 장애인서비스 지표 제고, 광역대표도서관 중심의 도서관 협력시스템 구축과 서비스 확대 등이 시급하다.