• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 2016

This study attempted to analyze trends of structural changes in the front middle part of men's underwear and get basic data for the development of men's underwear patterns. In terms of a research method, the structure and pattern of the front middle part of men's underwear were analyzed by referring to the design and description of the drawing, focusing on men's underwear which targeted to isolate penis from scrotum among the 'men's underwear' or 'functional men's underwear'-related patents. According to the study, three topics were obtained as follows: a support attached to the inside of the front middle part; inner cloth attached to the inside of the front middle part; change in the structure of the front middle panel. The aspects by the specific topic targeted to isolate penis from scrotum and prevent the scrotum from adhered to a thigh are as follows: 1) When a support is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following three methods are proposed: Penis isolated from scrotum by a rest which is designed using the band; penis and scrotum rested in the band and in a pocket respectively; protruded rest inside the front middle part of the underwear. 2) When an inner cloth is attached to the inside of the front middle part, the following methods are designed: A pocket-type inner cloth is attached; isolation of penis hole from the scrotum pocket using a rectangular separator; U-shaped pocket designed to rest penis and scrotum is attached. 3) Regarding change in the structure of the front middle panel, the integration of penis and scrotum resting parts can be divided into two cases: Securing a space using wrinkles; keeping it voluminous using the vertical line. In this all-in-one penis and scrotum-holding type, in addition, different front panel patterns were applied.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the preference of the hand and the sensibility image of underwear textiles according to seasons. According to a recent survey of 109 college students, using a 7 scale evaluation to the preference of the hand and the sensibility image among 13 summer and 10 winter underwear textiles. The data was analyzed through mean, SD, factor analysis, t-test, Person correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPSS Win 11.0. The summer underwear textiles were classified according to six tactile factors: stiffness/surface unevenness, weight, elasticity, moistness, extension, and warm-cool and 3 sensibility image factors: elegant individual, modern, and sporty-casual. The winter textiles were classified according to six tactile factors: stiffness/surface unevenness, elasticity, warm-cool, drapability, moistness and flexibility and divided into 2 sensibility images: modern elegant and sporty-casual. Factors expressing hand and sensibility image according to season showed significant difference. In the summer, weight, in the winter, drapability and flexibility showed significant difference at the hand factor evaluation. The hand factors: weight, warm-cool and modern sensibility image factors effect the preference of summer underwear textile, also the hand factors-elasticity, stiffness/surface unevenness and the sensibility image factor-easy-sport-casual-effect the preference of winter textiles. Therefore, the thin, light, and cool textiles which are also gorgeous and sporty-casual are preferred for summer underwear textiles while soft, simple and comfortable textiles are preferred for winter textiles.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to set a direction for the development of men's underwear after analyzing current applications for patent regarding men's special-purpose underwear. In terms of a research method, the disclosed patents and utility models were investigated using the patent information database provided by Korea Institute of Patent Information (KIPRIS, http://www.kipris.or.kr). For this, the patents applied from 1990 to October 2015 were targeted. The keywords used for patent search were 'men's underwear' and 'men's special-purpose underwear.' When searched by the keywords above, a total of 1,089 cases were found. Except for expired or cancelled ones, 243 cases were investigated. Then, annual application trends, current registrations on literature records, classification of utility model right holders and contents by topic were analyzed. In terms of data analysis, frequency analysis, crosstabulation analysis and multiple response analysis were conducted, using SPSS 18.0. The results found the followings: In terms of annual application trends, the number of applications for patent started to gradually increase since 2007. Since 2011, it has rapidly increased. In terms of the number of patent registrations, literature registration was far higher than utility model registration. In terms of application rights, 'individually registered (58.8%)' was higher than 'registered by the organization (41.2%).' Among 243 cases, 'underwear (58%)' was the highest, followed by 'men's underwear-related items (29.2%)' and 'thermals (8.2%).' According to analysis on the details of the patent applied for men's underwear, 'penis-scrotum separation' was most focused, followed by 'disposable product' 'airy features,' 'scrotum protection' and 'structure of underwear.'

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.107-120
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• 2004

In this study. with the discovery of adolescents' dissatisfaction factors and preferred images of underwear, the Potentiality of adolescents' underwear market was illuminated. For the purpose of this study, focused group interviews were performed to develop a questionnaires. And data was collected from 309 adolescents female consumer in the age of 13-18 living in busan. The fellowing are the results from the study. First. the female adolescents' dissatisfaction with underwear was analyzed into seven factors. such as buying decision, deformation after laundring, feeling from putting on, price/product variety, the lack of effective design considering body shape, inconvenience for activity and aesthetics. And degree of dissatisfaction was significant different among groups classified by consumer's level of product involvement and consumer's age. Second, the female adolescents' preferred images of underwear are gorgeous/elegant, simple/plain, pure & innocent/modest. active and lovely. From these results, it can be concluded that adolescents' desires of underwear product are different from adults'. Managerial Implications are provided for adolescents' underwear market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1319-1330
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• 2010

This study examines the underwear purchase behaviors of female consumers based on fashion leadership. Data research was conducted on 348 females in their 20s and 30s located in the city of Seoul & the surrounding Gyeonggi provincial area. The SPSS 17.0 software program was used to conduct data analyses such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test as a post-hoc analysis. The results of this study are as follow. 1. Fashion leadership was identified with four factors; fashion opinion leadership, fashion innovation, confidence of fashion, and potential fashion leadership. Customers were segmented into the following three subdivisions: fashion leaders, fashion followers, and fashion laggards. 2. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear purchase motive included pursuit of fashion, economic, and fashion coordination. Fashion leaders highly regarded the pursuit of fashion & fashion coordination, but fashion laggards regarded economics highly. 3. The factors derived from the factor analysis of selection criteria included design attributes, brand attributes, functionality of clothes, and practicality. Fashion leaders regarded the attributes of design and brands highly; fashion followers regarded design attributes highly. 4. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear attitude included fashion/shopping orientation, fashion coordination orientation, and wear sensation/modesty orientation. Fashion leaders regarded fashion, shopping, design, and fashion coordination orientation highly relative to fashion followers and fashion laggards. 5. Fashion leadership showed significant differences in purchase motives, selection criteria, and underwear attitude.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

This research is to explore relationship between the underwear shopping value and purchasing behaviors, as well as to figure out how the underwear store VM information has influence on consumers' purchase behaviors. Focus is placed on subdividing consumers into different groups according to underwear shopping value, and then verify whether VM information influences the consumer groups differently or not. This study, based on systematic understanding of an underwear consumption, will provide strategic suggestion to establish effective VM information of the underwear brand. The results of this study show that VM information is being utilized by the important clue when the consumers go shopping underwear. That's why the underwear brands should concentrate on developing VM by causing an interest and purchasing of consumers through corresponding with store's individuality and image. Also, the manner of performance should be related to brand image and theme reflected consumer's life style.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.574-582
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clothing pursuit benefits of female consumers in twenties, and explain the differences in underwear purchase behaviors among them. For data collection, research questionnaires were responded by 232 female consumers living in Busan. The collected data were analyzed by the frequency factor analysis using SPSS 12.0 for Windows, the factor analysis using Varimax, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: First, consumers' clothing pursuit benefit was drawn from six factors: Self-esteem, Individuality, Fashion, Brand, Practicality, and Price pursuit. The results of the factor analysis of clothing benefit were divided into four groups: Brand pursuit group, Fashion pursuit group, Self-esteem pursuit group, and Individuality/rationality pursuit group. Second, the results of analysing underwear purchase behaviors among clothing pursuit benefit groups showed significant differences in purchase motive, source of information, evaluation criteria, and purchase practices. The underwear purchase motives were significantly different in diversity purchase factor between the groups; sources of information used for underwear purchase were significantly different in the window display factor. The underwear evaluation criteria were significantly different among the groups in decoration and practicality factors, while purchase practices were significantly different among the groups only in underwear purchasing places.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.565-575
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• 2010

This study examined the relationships between clothing values, wearing behaviors and the attitudes toward underwear for female students. A survey of female middle and high school students was conducted. 584 questionnaires, collected from April to May, 2009, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross tabulation analysis, t-test, factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Economic and aesthetic value were found to be significantly higher than other clothing values amongst older students while students in coeducational schools regarded aesthetic properties of clothing as being more important (p<.05). Girl students' most pursued attitudes toward underwear was modesty. According to age of students and the type of school they attended there were significant differences in students' underwear wearing behaviors. A high level of correlation between clothing values and attitudes toward underwear was found. Aesthetic value out of the clothing values showed a high correlation with esthetics/sexual attractiveness out of the attitudes toward underwear. Aesthetics/sexual attractiveness out of the attitudes toward underwear was shown to be most influential on underwear wearing behaviors. There would be a necessity for emphasizing the wearing of girdle and slip.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

As foundation wear, underwear is the starting point where a woman shapes her figure and constructs a female identity. In the late twentieth century, the use of underwear as outerwear was extensively adapted, so underwear as outerwear is the latest thing today. Based on literature review, this study aimed to examine how underwear was adopted for use as outerwear extensively in the late twentieth century. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. First, originally there was no border between underwear and outerwear at the start. With the change of female social and political status, the function of underwear and its design has been changed diversely. Also, its revealing and decoration has been linked with female sexual attraction. Second, by some precursor fashion designers such as Vivienne Westwood and Jean Paul Gaultier, underwear was redefined as outerwear with erotic but powerful meaning in the Twentieth century. Their idea had an enormous influence on contemporary fashion culture, and consequently has become popularized like lingerie look today. Third, the change of female social status led a big change in view on the female sexuality and the ideas of femininity in fashion culture in the Twentieth century. Dressed by Gaultier, Madonna's performance wearing corset costume played a role in redefining contemporary femininity in relation to sexuality and power, even though it is still under the controversy.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of underwear brand identity color on brand equity. A self-administered questionnaire mainly consisted of BI color, brand image, and brand equity for underwear. Five underwear brands (Calvin Klein, Yes, Solb, Venus, and Body Guard) were selected based on the frequency they were purchased in pilot study. To collect data, respondents were asked to choose a brand which they were most familiar with, and to assess BI color, brand image, and brand equity including cognitive value, emotional value and purchase intention. A total of 228 usable questionnaires were obtained from consumers aged 19 to 46. BI colors were classified into four color groups: Achromatic (white, black, gray), Vivid (red, blue, yellow), Pink, and Beige. Additionally, underwear brand images consisted of four factors: Sophisticated, Classic, Casual, and Elegant images. Findings showed significant differences in the four factors of brand image and cognitive brand value between the BI color groups. Also, the factor of cognitive value was higher for achromatic or beige brand color groups, than for vivid or pink color groups. Also, brand image factors had positive effects on cognitive or emotional brand value. Especially, the factor of emotional value was more likely to increase purchase intentions than cognitive value in the BI color groups. The implications for managerial decision marking in fashion marketing strategy were also discussed.