• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.528-533
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• 2005

A mono-static high frequency acoustic target strength analysis scheme was developed for underwater targets, based on the far-field Kirchhoff approximation. Au adaptive triangular beam method and a concept of virtual surface were adopted for considering the effect of hidden surfaces and multiple reflections of an underwater target, respectively. A test of a simple target showed that the suggested hidden surface removal scheme is valid. Then some numerical analyses, for several underwater targets, were carried out; (1) for several simple underwater targets, like sphere, square plate, cylinder, trihedral corner reflector, and (2) for a generic submarine model, The former was exactly coincident with the theoretical results including beam patterns versus azimuth angles, and the latter suggested that multiple reflections have to be considered to estimate more accurate target strength of underwater targets.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.184-196
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• 2021

The research domain of underwater communication has garnered much interest among researchers exploring underwater activities. The underwater environment differs from the terrestrial setting. Some of the main challenges in underwater communication are limited bandwidth, low data rate, propagation delay, and high bit error rate (BER). As such, this study assessed the underwater acoustic (UWA) aspect and explored the expression of error performance based on t-distribution noise. Filter orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing refers to a new waveform candidate that has been adopted in UWA, along with turbo and polar codes. The empirical outcomes demonstrated that the noise did not adhere to Gaussian distribution, whereas the simulation results revealed that the filter applied in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing could significantly suppress out-of-band emission. Additionally, the performance of the turbo code was superior to that of the polar code by 2 dB at BER 10-3.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 허프 변환을 이용하여 원통형 수중 물체를 식별하는 방법을 제안한다. 이미 광학분야에서는 타원을 식별하는데 허프 변환을 많이 사용하고 있다. 하지만 수중 영상의 경우 낮은 해상도와 잡음 환경으로 인해서 광학에서 사용하는 허프 변환을 그대로 적용하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수중 영상의 원통형 물체를 모델링 한 뒤 평균 필터와 다항식 보간법을 적용하여 허프 변환에 적합한 형태로 원통형 물체의 기하학적 깊이 정보를 다시 복원했다. 결과적으로 이 방법을 이용하여 타원 형태의 기하학적 깊이 정보를 복원하고 허프 변환을 적용한 결과 높은 타원 식별률을 나타내었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2020

Underwater acoustics, which is the study of phenomena related to sound waves in water, has been applied mainly in research on the use of sound navigation and range (SONAR) systems for communication, target detection, investigation of marine resources and environments, and noise measurement and analysis. The main objective of underwater acoustic remote sensing is to obtain information on a target object indirectly by using acoustic data. Presently, various types of machine learning techniques are being widely used to extract information from acoustic data. The machine learning techniques typically used in underwater acoustics and their applications in passive SONAR systems were reviewed in the first two parts of this work (Yang et al., 2020a; Yang et al., 2020b). As a follow-up, this paper reviews machine learning applications in SONAR signal processing with a focus on active target detection and classification.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

본 논문은 서해의 수중음향 통신 네트워크의 물리계층에 적합한 수중음향통신 시스템을 제안한다. 서해정점의 해양 관측정보와 Bellhop 음선 추적프로그램을 이용하여 서해정점의 수중 채널 모델을 구하고 이 수중 채널 모델을 이용하여 통신 변수들을 산출하고 다이버시티 기법이 응용된 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)와 SC-FDM(Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiplexing) 전송방식을 이용한 음향 통신시스템을 설계한다. 설계된 통신시스템의 성능을 검증하기 위해 여러 통신환경에 대한 비트 오류율과 데이터 전송률을 연산하고 이로부터 서해안에서 긴 지연시간을 가지는 수중 채널과 낮은 Eb/No에서 사용가능한 수중 음향통신 기법을 제안한다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 수중음향 통신환경에서 다중경로에 의한 심볼간 간섭을 제거하기 위한 방법으로 STBC 전송구조를 결합한 FDE 기법을 제시하고, 그 성능을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 수중통신환경을 고려한 수중음향채널을 모델링하였고, 이 채널에 대한 수중통신 모의시험 결과를 제시하였다. 주파수영역 등화의 경우, 전송블록 양쪽에 훈련신호가 추가되는 구조적 특성상 OFDM 기법에 비해 약 4% 정도의 전송률 저하를 보이나 OFDM에 비해 4.4%에서 16.8%(SNR 9dB기준) 향상된 SER 특성을 보였다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.109-114
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• 2003

Wireless communication systems are inevitable for efficient underwater activities. Because of the poor propagation characteristics of light and electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves are generally used for the underwater wireless communication. Although there are many kinds of information type, visual images take an essential role especially for search and identification activities. For this reason, we developed an acoustic-based underwater image transmission system under a dual use technology project supported by MOCIE (Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy). For the application to complicated and time-varying underwater environments all-digital transmitter and receiver systems are investigated. Array acoustic transducers are used at the receiver, which have the center frequency of 32kHz and the bandwidth of 4kHz. To improve transmission speed and quality, various algorithms and systems are used. The system design techniques will be discussed in detail including image compression/ decompression system, adaptive beam- forming, fast RLS adaptive equalizer, ${\partial}/4$ QPSK (Quadrilateral Phase Shift Keying) modulator/demodulator, and convolution coding/ Viterbi. Decoding.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2006

시계열반전처리는 시간과 공간영역 동시에 집속을 수행할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 증명되어 왔으며, 시간영역에서의 집속 특성은 수중음향통신에서 광범위하게 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 해양도파관에서 동시 다중 집속이 적응 시계열 반전처리에 의해 구현되었다. 본 연구에서 적응 시계열반전처리에 의한 동시 다중 집속은 다중 수신을 위한 수중음향 통신 알고리즘으로 확장되며, 개발된 알고리즘은 수치실험과 실 데이터를 통해 다중 수신 위치에 동시에 자기등화가 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2006

It is well known that the acoustic characteristics of the sea are significantly affected by bubbles which have their own inherent characteristics at the undersea. In this study, the shape and acoustic characteristics of air bubbles generated by an underwater nozzle are calculated numerically, and are measured with a high speed camera and a hydrophone at various air flow rates in the experimental apparatus. As a result of analysis, the shape calculated numerically well matched with measured values at low flow rates, but in case of relatively higher flow rates. the use of correction coefficient is needed for more accurate estimation of the bubble shape. And also the rising velocity of a single bubble is constant regardless of both the bubble size and the flow rate. and the acoustic signal generated when the bubble is produced by an underwater nozzle has the same characteristic of natural frequency of the bubble pulsation, and is agreed with Minnaert's equation if the correction coefficient is considered in accordance with the flow rate.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2023

This study presents a novel monitoring technique for underwater high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables based on the Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS). The proposed technique utilizes vibration and acoustic signals generated on HVDC cables to monitor their condition and detect events such as earthquakes, shipments, tidal currents, and construction activities. To implement the monitoring system, a DAS based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) system was designed, fabricated, and validated for performance. For the HVDC cable monitoring experiments, a testbed was constructed on land, mimicking the cable burial method and protective equipment used underwater. Defined various scenarios that could cause cable damage and conducted experiments accordingly. The developed DAS system achieved a maximum measurement distance of 50 km, a distance measurement interval of 2 m, and a measurement repetition rate of 1 kHz. Extensive experiments conducted on HVDC cables and protective facilities demonstrated the practical potential of the DAS system for monitoring underwater and underground areas.