• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.975-984
• /
• 2021

Objective: Inbreeding depression of reproduction is a major concern in the conservation of native chicken genetic resources. Here, based on the successful development of strongly inbred (Sinb) and weakly inbred (Winb) Langshan chickens, we aimed to evaluate inbreeding effects on reproductive traits and identify candidate genes involved in inbreeding depression of reproduction in Langshan chickens. Methods: A two-sample t-test was performed to estimate the differences in phenotypic values of reproductive traits between Sinb and Winb chicken groups. Three healthy chickens with reproductive trait values around the group mean values were selected from each of the groups. Differences in ovarian and hypothalamus transcriptomes between the two groups of chickens were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results: The Sinb chicken group showed an obvious inbreeding depression in reproduction, especially for traits of age at the first egg and egg number at 300 days (p<0.01). Furthermore, 68 and 618 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in the hypothalamus and ovary between the two chicken groups, respectively. In the hypothalamus, DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathways related to vitamin metabolism, signal transduction and development of the reproductive system, such as the riboflavin metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, including stimulated by retinoic acid 6, serpin family F member 1, secreted frizzled related protein 2, Wnt family member 6, and frizzled class receptor 4 genes. In the ovary, DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associated with basic metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. A series of key DEGs involved in folate biosynthesis (gamma-glutamyl hydrolase, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1), oocyte meiosis and ovarian function (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1, structural maintenance of chromosomes 1B, and speedy/RINGO cell cycle regulator family member A), spermatogenesis and male fertility (prostaglandin D2 synthase 21 kDa), Mov10 RISC complex RNA helicase like 1, and deuterosome assembly protein 1) were identified, and these may play important roles in inbreeding depression in reproduction. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying inbreeding depression in chicken reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for the conservation of species resources.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2015

As a neighboring country belonged to the same cultural sphere with the Northeast Asia, China is recently emerging as a center of the world's economy. The social transformations caused by the rapid economic growth are bringing changes in the Chinese housing culture and thus, it is considered that the identification of a user's need concerning a new housing space and social and cultural understanding on China are necessary. Accordingly, this research intended to conduct the basic research on the Chinese housing space design by observing the small apartment users in Shanghai area in terms of not only the tangible element of the residential space type but also the intangible elements such as lifestyle, values, behaviors, etc. The research range was limited to the kitchen area at the center of a house as a place where the exchanges among the family members are most frequently occur, and the research was carried out in the following methods. First, the effective user research method for the analysis of the Chinese small apartment kitchen users was studied through the literature investigation. Second, the 6 families of a research target were selected focused on the small apartments in Shanghai, China and the user research was performed using three methods of User observation, Video ethnography, and Contextual inquiry. Third, the research results were analyzed focused on the flow of human traffic in the kitchen area and user's behaviors. What were identified as a result take account of the human traffic movements in the kitchen areas around the sink-counter-cook top, cooking behaviors and meal areas outside of the kitchen. Through this, the need for the effective organization of the sink-counter-cook top, arrangement of meal area, and placement of storage by section for the kitchen space of China were drawn based on the understanding of the cooking process, and it was identified that such results require comprehensive understanding of Chinese housing culture.

• 호스피스학술지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.42-49
• /
• 2005

To determine which are the culturally specific factors of Korean bereavement, this chapter focuses on the view of death and the traditional mourning process which reflect Korean values and norms. The formation of the Korean view and understanding of death has been strongly influenced by three of its major traditional religions: Shamanism, Buddhism, and Confucianism (Park:1994: Hao:1999) and Christianity more recently. Each religion has a different view of death and the appropriate expression of mourning. Korea accommodates funeral customs and rules strictly as a cultural system and has retained these traditions over a long period; hence, some of the traditional funeral rituals still remain in modern Korean life, although some of the rites have been simplified. We have looked at the various ways in which grief and mourning is displayed and shared in a collective manner over a long period of time. This fits in well within the other Eastern cultures that are collectively organized, and contrary to the Eurocentric models do not hastily seek to detach the living from the dead and recognize that grief is a long process, and different individuals may take different amounts of time to recover from the grief. The view of death and bereavement in Korea has sprung from the roots of three Korean religions, together with the recent addition of Christianity, although they mainly result from the three earlier religions. The beliefs of these religions are still closely linked together in the rituals of Korean bereavement on both conscious and unconscious levels. The influence of these religions is evident in practice through the bereaved family's mourning reactions, funeral rites and customs and its views about death. Korea used to have a period of mourning for three years, following traditional mourning rites; then the chief mourner and the bereaved families could return to their normal life. In spite of this long mourning process for the bereaved family, once the funeral ceremony is finished, people expect the bereaved family not to express their grief in public; even the bereaved family does not like to talk about death. The process for bereaved people is related to mourning processes in terms of detachment from the deceased in order to start a new life. Relatives and the community recommend the performance of the kut ceremony for relieving the grief of the bereaved. When one family member dies in an unlucky way, the bereaved family may have some fear or other psychological reactions of grief such as pain, depression, insomnia and nightmares, hallucinations or other physical reactions. Unlucky deaths give the bereaved a very painful time and these types of reactions are often more serious than reactions to natural death. But through the kut ceremony, the bereaved family can start to make a new relationship with the deceased. The taboo of this type of death and death generally remains a crucial aspect of the isolation that bereaved people might face and the collective nature of mourning(even where it is still present) is unable to address this aspect of the privatization of grief.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2001

The childbearing process is not only a biological phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child but also a sociocultural phenomenon which is reflected on her value, belief in the sociocultural context according to social change and acculturation. The familial relation and sociocultural context in the multigravidas are more complex and intermingled than in the primigravidas. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of identity from the first trimester of pregnancy to the third trimester of pregnancy in the Korean multigravidas and to understand deeply the perspectives of pregnant women reflected on Korean sociocultural values, beliefs, norms and familial culture. The participants of 10 pregnant women in Seoul, Korea were observed for 10 months from January to October 2000 and interviewed in their homes and comfortable place. Data analysis was accomplished 'line by line method' and significant concepts were classified according to themes, categories, and domains. The results of this study were as follows : The participants experienced 4 categorized subjects : understanding the oneself - mother to be, performing the dual role, drifting the emotion, and living disheartened during pregnancy. The participants were showed universality and diversity pattern in the self understanding process. The universal pattern were 'mother to be' showing maturation, life along family and priority on motherhood between being a mother and a woman. The diverse pattern were taking the dual role in working mothers having the higher self actualized value and personal identity rather than maternal identity, drifting emotion in resigned mothers, and living disheartened in mothers who have two daughters and no son. In conclusion, the Korean multigravidas experienced womanhood as well as motherhood through the self understanding process with familial connections during pregnancy. Therefore it is suggested that if the harmony and the balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting during pregnancy in the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore, the health care providers have to divert their attention from biomedical perspectives to biocultural perspectives integrating bio-psycho-sociocultural aspects of pregnant women in a clinical setting.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.105-124
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 통일 한국에 대비하여 통일 후 대한민국의 주축으로 성장할 청소년들을 대상으로 북한의 가정생활문화에 대한 이해를 돕기 위한 교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위하여 현행 교육과정에서 이루어지는 통일교육과 가정생활문화에 해당하는 선행연구를 고찰하고 이를 근거로 교육 내용을 선정하였다. 교육은 2015년 12월 사이에 서울시내 남녀공학 중학교 1학년 두 개 학급을 대상으로 시행되었다. 교육 내용은 가정교과의 세부 내용학을 중심으로 실생활과 밀접한 식생활, 의생활, 주생활, 가족생활 및 대인관계, 소비생활 및 여가 등의 주제로 12차시 분량으로 준비되었다. 사전-사후 평가에서 소비생활, 여가생활, 아동 가족생활, 식생활, 의생활, 주생활의 모든 분야에서 유의한 효과가 있었다. 또한 학생들의 구술 응답에서도 프로그램의 내용이 실생활에 도움이 될 것이라 하였으며 학기 중에도 이와 같은 교육프로그램이 개설될 것을 희망하였다. 이 프로그램은 남한의 청소년들에게 북한의 가정생활문화의 이해를 도움으로써 앞으로 다가올 미래의 통일한국을 대비 하도록 하는 통일교육 프로그램의 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.292-304
• /
• 1999

The lengthened average span of human life by virtue of recent developments in medicine has caused the Population of elders to increase. The development of modern industrial society has transformed family structure from the large family system to that of a nuclear family. Due to the shift in family structure, the problem of support for the aged has surfaced as a nursing problem as well as a social problem. With regard to this problem, this study aims to investigate the adolescent's understanding of elders and aging. By identifying their understanding and classifying their attitude patterns, this study will help the nursing assessment of the support of elders in the family. This study employed Q-methodology and the research was conducted from December 1998 to May 1999. One method of the research included deep interviews with elders, those who are in their 50's. 40's or 30's. and the adolescent. 183 Q-Populations taken from literary works such as poems or novels were also formed as another method. Finally. 36 Q-cards were made after consultation with Professors of the nursing department. The subjects of the P- sample were 30 high sohoolboys/girls - who were in first, second, and third years. The result showed that 3 factors provided an explanation for 59.14% of the whole variables: the first factor, 41.37%; the second factor. 11.49%, and the third factor. 6.28%. These three factors were analyzed and categorized as three types. Twenty subjects out of the 30 were included in Type 1: Respecting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'The declining age is a perfect time to prosper completing a worthy life' ; 'Getting old. one needs financial stability' and 'Elders wish the best for their children' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'It is better to die than to live as an older person' ; 'Elders are insignificant' ; and 'Getting old is the worst unhappiness that tortures human.' Four subjects were included in Type 2. Resenting Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Aging is a process of dying that nobody can escape from'. 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; and 'When you set older. you regret about the life in the Past.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows: 'When You get older. You should stand aloof greed and worldly things' 'When You got older, You become generous and gentle' ; and 'When You set he gets old. You change to become a comfortable and warm person.' Six out of 30 subject were included in Type 3 Caring Elders. The statements which showed the most positive consent were as follows: 'Elders should be concerned about his health and try to maintain their health' ; 'Elders wish the best for their children' ; and 'Elders deserve to be treated with filial respects.' The statements showing the most negative response were as follows 'Elders are insignificant' ; 'Elders have freedom and plenty of free time.' and 'Elders are alienated form and drove out of the society.' The above-mentioned results show that most adolescents in Korea recognize aging as the time of fruition and development: it is a time of benefiting and giving back to society. Aging can also be seen as a time of generosity and magnanimity and the time of respect and favorable treatment from society. despite the change of modern society and the ostensible transformation of a family system. Their recognition seems deeply rooted in the traditional confucian values and the dual family system which is Peculiar especially to the Korea - one which maintains both the superficial form of nuclear family and the substantial mode of the enlarged family system. In sum, many Korean adolescents attribute the meaning of the elderly and aging to the type of the respect with the elderly and the type of the elderly's caretaking.

• 기업가정신과 벤처연구
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.17-34
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 가족의 창업이력이 개인의 창업방식에 유의미한 영향을 줄 수 있음을 살펴보고 있고, 두 변수 사이의 관계는 국가의 문화속성들에 따라 달라짐을 보여주고 있다. 창업방식에 대한 기존 연구들이 신생회사 설립과 관련된 요인에 초점을 맞추고 있으나, 이런 관점은 기존 회사를 인수하는 방식을 통해서도 기업가가 될 수 있음을 간과하고 있다. 한편 창업과 관련된 교육 및 정부의 정책도 신생 회사의 설립에 대해서만 강조하고 있는 형편이다. 하지만, 저출산 고령화시대에 기존 기업들이 기업 승계시장에 매물로 많이 나올 수 있음을 고려할 때 인수를 통한 창업방식에 대한 연구도 매우 중요한 이슈이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가족의 관여와 기존 회사를 인수함으로서 기업가가 되는 관계가, 국가문화의 주요 속성들에 따라 어떤 차이를 보이는지 분석하였다. EU의 Flash Eurobarometer 데이터를 바탕으로 하여 33개국 3,831명의 응답자를 대상으로 계층적 선형 모델링을 사용하여 가설을 검증하였다. 실증분석 결과, 부모 중 창업경험이 있을 경우 이미 존재하고 있는 기업의 인수를 통해 창업자가 되는 방식을 선호하였으며, 이 관계는 개인주의성향이 높은 나라일수록, 미래지향성이 낮을수록, 그리고 권력격차가 작은 문화일수록 강해졌다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 대한민국의 경우 기업승계시장이 활성화되지 않을 문화적인 조건을 갖추고 있다. 권력격차가 커서 기존 기업들이 승계시장에 매물로 내놓지 않으려는 경향이 있으며, 예비창업자들이 미래지향성이 강해서 다른 기업의 승계보다는 자신의 신생기업 설립에 더 많은 관심을 가지고 있을 수 있다. 한편, 집단주의 문화는 신생기업의 설립만이 창업이라는 고정관념을 확산시킬 수 있다. 따라서 국가의 창업지원제도 및 여러 기관들의 창업과 관련된 교육과정 수립에 있어서 문화의 속성을 고려한 균형 잡힌 시각이 절대적으로 필요하다. 본 연구결과가 창업방식과 관련된 새롭고 다양한 연구관점을 제공해주고, 저출산 고령화시대를 맞이하여 창업지원제도 및 창업교육에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 수 있길 희망한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.9-27
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 모바일 간편결제 서비스에 대한 소비자 반응을 살펴보고 그 반응이 서로 어떤 연관이 있는지 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대표적인 모바일 간편결제 서비스인 삼성페이를 사용한 경험에 대해 언급한 데이터를 수집하고, R을 이용하여 텍스트 빈도분석, 텍스트 군집분석 그리고 텍스트 네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 빈도분석 결과 삼성페이의 기능과 삼성페이가 지갑을 대체할 수 있는 지에 대한 관심이 높은 것으로 드러났다. 둘째, 군집분석 결과 크게 긍정과 부정 반응으로 분류되었으며 5가지 긍정반응 군집과 4가지의 부정반응 군집이 도출되었다. 셋째, 삼성페이에 대한 지갑 대체 가능 여부는 복수의 반응을 하나의 메시지로 묶어주며, 삼성페이에 대한 지속적인 이용의도와 높은 관련성을 지니는 요인임이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구를 통해 소비자 측면에서 삼성페이에 대한 이해를 높이고, 소비자의 가치와 기대에 부응하여 궁극적으로 높은 만족을 이끌어낼 수 있는 서비스를 제공하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제41권10호
• /
• pp.149-171
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out as a basic fundamental research to propose a theoretical framework for Home Economics curriculum. This research employed the Delphi Method to reach a consensus with the experts in each related educational field of study for putting forth a newly proposed theoretical framework of a Home Economics curriculum. The finally proposed theoretical framework will definitely play a crucial role in establishing a standard framework for educational goals and curriculum content for Home Economics curriculum since it is put forth with a strong agreement from a high proportion of the expert groups. Results on the nature and characteristics of, structural framework of curriculum contents, and literacy through Home Economics were drawn from the 3-round Delphi survey: 1. Home economics has a liberal and practical-critical nature and it promotes enhancement of quality of life through a practical problem-solving process in maintaining family life. 2. The structural framework of the home economics curriculum contents is organized with three-dimensional components of content area (dimension 1), process area (dimension 2), focus of organizing content (dimension 3). 3. One's empowering capability through home economics education is proposed: inquiring knowledge and understanding phenomena for future society, solving practical problems in family life, developing higher order thinking skill, cultivating a positive attitude and a values system toward life.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2017

This study develops an the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective. The practical problem is 'what should the ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education with a critical science perspective be?' was addressed through a practical reasoning research method with the stages of valued ends, context, alternatives, consequence, and a final plan. The sequential flow of understanding values and contexts established the setting of three valued ends by organizing issues and categorized areas of individuals, families, society, and cultural from a critical science perspective. The ideal portrait of human being was specifically stated, in the self-formation, independent, inter-subjectivity, social participation, and enculturation according to subcategories; in addition, the stated ideal portrait of human being was modified through expert consultations. Alternatives and consequences were reexamined for the validity of the statement and restated as a comprehensive statement of ideal portrait of a human being that included a restatement of the five areas. An ideal portrait of a human being pursuing in home economics education from a critical science perspective was made from alternative ideal portraits of the proposed human being and stated as 'a person who can continually act autonomously in one's life-world.'