• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.116-116
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• 2019

Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (TRG) is a Korean endemic plant, and it is widely used for edible, medicinal, landscape materials. In this study, we examined the protein and mRNA expression levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 by TRG extract (TRGE) in IBMX-treated melanocytes to evaluate the possibility of using TRG as a whitening material. IBMX were reported as melanin synthesis enhancers. It could increase intracellular melanin synthesis by activation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling pathway. TRGE did not show cytotoxicity at concentrations below $100{\mu}g/ml$ in B16F10 cells. TREG dose-dependently inhibited protein and mRNA levels of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2. Therefore, we suggest that TRGE is an important natural resource for cosmetic raw materials for whitening function.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.90.1-90.1
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• 2003

This study shows that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) significantly inhibits melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, and that the activity of tyrosinase was also reduced in S1P-treated cells. In contrast, a specific extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway inhibitor, PD98059 increased tyrosinase activity and melanin production, and PD98059 restored the reduced tyrosinase activity and pigmentation induced by SIP. We also found that S1P induces the sustained activation of ERK and the subsequent degradation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which plays a key role in melanogenesis. (omitted)

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.547-553
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of branch extracts of Vaccinium oldhamii (VOB) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. VOB promoted melanin production in absence or presence of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) in B16F10 cells. However, VOB did not affect the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 associated with melanin synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels in B16F10. But, VOB decreased TRP-2 protein level and induced tyrosinase activation in B16F10 cells. Inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase knockdown attenuated VOB-mediated melanin synthesis. In conclusion, VOB may stimulate melanin synthesis through activating tyrosinase activity.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2015

본 연구는 오디씨 에탄올 추출물(MSE)의 멜라닌 합성 저해 효과를 밝히는 것이다. 먼저 MSE의 melan-a 세포를 이용한 멜라닌 합성 저해 실험결과, 독성을 보이지 않는 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도까지 멜라닌 합성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) 단백질의 발현이 저해되었으며, extracelluar signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 MSE의 기전을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 제브라피쉬를 이용한 in vivo 모델의 실험에서도 색소 발생이 저해됨을 관찰하였다. 따라서 오디씨로 부터 획득한 에탄올 추출물이 ERK 단백질의 발현으로 인해 멜라닌 생합성을 억제할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2022

Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a selective agonist for estrogen receptor β (ERβ), has been reported to regulate various hormonal responses through activation of ERβ in tissues including the mammary gland and brain. However, the effect of DPN on melanogenesis independent of ERβ has not been studied. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of anti-melanogenic effect of DPN and its underlying mechanism. Melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase activity assay indicated that DPN inhibited melanin biosynthesis in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cell line. However, DPN had no direct influence on in vitro tyrosinase catalytic activity. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol had no effect on inhibition of melanogenesis, suggesting that the DPN-mediated suppression of melanin production was not related with estrogen signaling pathway. Immunoblotting analysis showed that DPN down-regulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central transcription factor of melanogenesis and its down-stream genes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Also, DPN attenuated the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Additionally, DPN suppressed the melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned media culture system suggesting that DPN has potential as an anti-melanogenic activity in physiological conditions. Collectively, our data show that DPN inhibits melanogenesis via downregulation of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 새로운 미백소재를 개발하기 위해 적양 에탄올추출물을 효소처리 후 EtOAc 분획물(AJE)을 준비하여 in vitro 상에서 이들의 tyrosinase 저해활성과 세포 수준에서의 멜라닌 합성 저해효과를 측정하였다. AJE는 mushroom tyrosinase의 활성에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 B16-F1 melanoma cell을 이용한 멜라닌 합성 저해효과에 있어서 농도 의존적으로 멜라닌 합성을 저해하여, $40{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 52% 이상의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 멜라닌 합성 저해효과에 대한 작용 기전을 확인하기 위해 western blot을 통해 멜라닌 합성 경로에 관련된 단백질의 발현을 측정하였다. 그 결과 멜라닌 합성에 관여하는 효소인 tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1)의 발현을 억제하였고, 이를 조절하는 전사인자인 microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) 발현 역시 효과적으로 억제하였다. 또한 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway를 활성화시킴으로써 phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)의 발현을 상당히 증가시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 AJE가 멜라닌 합성의 신호전달 경로 중 ERK pathway의 활성화를 통해 MITF의 분해를 촉진시키고 이로 인해 MITF의 발현을 감소시키며, 그 결과 멜라닌 합성에 관여하는 효소 중 TRP-1의 발현을 감소시킴으로써 멜라닌 합성을 저해하는 것으로 사료되며, 따라서 AJE는 미백용도의 기능성 원료로서의 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, including antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, we have revealed that the active antiaging component of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Despite the many known beneficial effects of ginseng, its effects on skin aging are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of ginseng and the ginseng berry on one of the skin aging processes, melanogenesis, and age-related pigment lipofuscin accumulation, to elucidate the mechanism of action with respect to antiaging. Methods: The human melanoma MNT1 cell line was treated with ginseng root extract, ginseng berry extract, or syringaresinol. Then, the cells were analyzed using a melanin assay, and the tyrosinase activity was estimated. The Caenorhabditis elegans wild type N2 strain was used for the life span assay to analyze the antiaging effects of the samples. A lipofuscin fluorescence assay was performed during 10 passages with the syringaresinol treatment. Results: A 7-d treatment with ginseng berry extract reduced melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity more than ginseng root extract. These results may be due to the active compound of the ginseng berry, syringaresinol. The antimelanogenic activity was strongly coordinated with the activation of the longevity gene foxo3a. Moreover, the ginseng berry extract had more potent antiaging effects, caused a life span extension, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that these antimelanogenic effects and antiaging effects of ginseng berry mediate the activation of antioxidation-FoxO3a signaling.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book I
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• pp.268-284
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• 2003

Nor-aporphine derivatives have been discovered which interfere with the flux of Calcium into and out of the cell interior. It has been shown that adrenergic antagonists that block the Calcium exchange lead to an inhibition of Protein kinase C activity, thus blocking tyrosinase activation. Di-acetyl-dimethoxy-methyl-nor-aporphine is a semi-synthetic molecule of natural origin with very high potency. On B16 melanocytes as well as in normal human melanocytes the decrease in melanin synthesis reaches -50％ at a level of 40 ppm in the culture medium. On a molar concentration basis, this is 50 to 70 times stronger than Kojic acid inhibition. Yet, the cell viability is not affected. Reversibility studies show that after washing out of the active compound, melanogenesis returns to normal levels. Possible mechanisms of the activity are discussed. Tests carried out on SkinEthic(R) three-dimensional models of the epidermis and in vivo clinical studies on Asian population confirm the strong inhibition of melanogenesis. Safety evaluation of these molecules, on the other hand, demonstrates good skin tolerance and absence of toxicity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.724-729
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• 2012

In this study, we evaluated the anti-melanogenesis effects of Caffeoylserotonin (CaS) in B16 melanoma cells. Treatment with CaS reduced the melanin content and tyrosinase (TYR) activity in B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. CaS inhibited the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), TYR, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), but not TRP-2. ${\alpha}$-MSH is known to interact with melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) thus activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Furthermore, cAMP activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) via phosphorylation, which phosphorylates MITF, thereby targeting the transcription factor to proteasomes for degradation. The CaS reduced intracellular cAMP levels to unstimulated levels and activated ERK phosphorylation within 30 min. The ERK inhibitor PD98059 abrogated the suppressive effect of CaS on ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Based on this study, the inhibitory effects of CaS on melanogenesis are derived from the downregulation of MITF signaling via the inhibition of intracellular cAMP levels, as well as acceleration of ERK activation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.11-32
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Dendrobii herba extract and Punica granatum extract on skin disease and skin beauty. Methods : To investigate in vitro anti-oxidant activity assay, ethanol extracts of medicinal plants tested by DPPH radical, xanthine oxidase activity. In the next experiment, to investigate anti-inflammatory activity assay, examined by relations in NO synthesis, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$, COX-2, MAP kinase. To study Skin wrinkle formation effect, we were examined by tyrosinase activities, melanin synthesis in MNT-1 cell. Results : 1. In an anti-oxidant test, Dendrobii and Punica granatum extract showed high radical scavenging activity. 2. In an anti-inflammatory test, Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract weakly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO) release from RAW 246.7 macrophage cells. Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract also inhibited LPS-induced IL-$1{\beta}$ and COX-2 expressions. The inhibitory effect of Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract on macrophage activation were via the inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$, evidenced by transient transfection assay. however, Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract did not have any effects about activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase(JNK) and inhibition of p38 MAP kinase in RAW 264.7 cells. 3. In the skin wrinkle formation assay, Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract weakly inhibited collagenase and elastase, however it was not statistically significant. 4. In the skin whitening assay, Dendrobii herba and Punica granatum extract weakly inhibited tyrosinase activity, however, it was not statistically significant. They did not have any effect on melanin synthesis, indicating that they could not be applicable for skin whitening. Conclusion : Dendrobii herba extract and Punica granatum extract may play a significant role in skin disease and skin beauty.