• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

Purpose: The present study was aimed to evaluate the level of cortical bone strain during the placement of an implant. The primary concern was to investigate if the extent of overloading area near the marginal bone could be affected by microthread fabricated at the cervical 1/3 of an implant. Materials and methods: Three dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate the insertion of 3 implants. Control model was $4.1{\times}10$ mm implant (Submerged model, Dentis Co,, Daegu, Korea) equipped with a main thread only. Type I was with main thread and microthread, and Type II had similar thread pattern but was of tapered body. A PC-based finite element software (DEFORM 3D ver 5, SFTC, Columbus, OH, USA) was used to calculate a total of 3,600 steps of analysis, which simulated the whole insertion. Results: Results showed that the strain field in the marginal bone within 1 mm of the implant wall was higher than 4,000 micro-strain in the control model. The size of bone overloading was 1-1.5 mm in Type I, and greater than 2 mm in Type II implants. Conclusion: These results indicate that the marginal bone may be at the risk of resorption on receiving the implant for all 3 implant models studied. Yet, the risk was greater for Type I and Type II implants, which had microthread at the cervical 1/3.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.338-350
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• 2022

Purpose: Various studies have investigated 3-dimensional (3D)-printed implants using Ti6Al-4V powder; however, multi-root 3D-printed implants have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the stability of multirooted 3D-printed implants with lattice and solid structures. The secondary outcomes were comparisons between the 2 types of 3D-printed implants in micro-computed tomographic and histological analyses. Methods: Lattice- and solid-type 3D-printed implants for the left and right mandibular third premolars in beagle dogs were fabricated. Four implants in each group were placed immediately following tooth extraction. Implant stability measurement and periapical X-rays were performed every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Peri-implant bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by micro-computed tomography. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were measured in histomorphometric analyses. Results: All 4 lattice-type 3D-printed implants survived. Three solid-type 3D-printed implants were removed before the planned sacrifice date due to implant mobility. A slight, gradual increase in implant stability values from implant surgery to 4 weeks after surgery was observed in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. The marginal bone change of the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant was approximately 5 mm, whereas the value was approximately 2 mm in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. BV/TV and BMD in the lattice type 3D-printed implants were similar to those in the surviving solid-type implant. However, BIC and BAFO were lower in the surviving solid-type 3D-printed implant than in the lattice-type 3D-printed implants. Conclusions: Within the limits of this preclinical study, 3D-printed implants of double-rooted teeth showed high primary stability. However, 3D-printed implants with interlocking structures such as lattices might provide high secondary stability and successful osseointegration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2008

We have studied statistically about quality difference of Blast furnace slag Type Ⅲ that affects carbonation of concrete. According to KS F 2563 blast furnace slag was classified 3 types. Type Ⅲ blast furnace slag(specific surface area is $4000cm^2/g$) from different providers with Type A, the B and the C. The statistical technique was applied to exclude error of engineering judgement. T test and F test were used among 3 groups to investigate statistical meaning. The effect which on the quality of blast furnace slag type Ⅲ that affects carbonation of concrete is significant.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Purpose: To determine the clinical value of the Siewert classification for gastic-cancer patients in Korea, we evaluated and compared the clinicopathologic factors of type II and type III cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 89 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, between Jun. 1992 and Dec. 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: There were one patient with type I, 12 pateints with type II and 77 patients with type III. During the same period, 1,341 patients underwent surgery for a gastric carcinoma, so proportion of GEJ cancer being $6.6\%$. The median followup duration was 31 months (range: $2\∼135$ months), and the follow-up rate was $100\%$. Between type II and type III cancers, there were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic variables including age, sex, gross appearance, histologic type, depth of invasion, and pathologic stage. The longest diameter of the tumor was larger in type III ($6.1\pm2.1$ cm) than in type II ($3.9\pm1.1$ cm)(P=0.001). A total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was done most frequently, while jejunal interposition was done in 3 cases of type II and 2 cases of type III. More than a D2 lymphadenectomy was done all cases. The numbers of dissected lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in type II were 43.8 and 5.8 respectively, while they were 49.8 and 8.1 in type III, but the difference between the two groups were not statistically significant. The mean length of the proximal resection margin was $15\pm5$ mm in type II and $21\pm13$ mm in type III, but this difference was not statistically significanct. The time to recurrence after operation was 19.3 months in type II and 16.9 months in type III. The five-year survival rates of type II and III were $68.8\%\;and\;52.7\%$ respectively, but difference was not significant. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic variables, including survival rate, between type II and type III cancers in Korean patients According to these findings, it appears to be reasonable to classify type III cancer as a cardia cancer in a broad sense.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2015

In this study, the potash glass beads of 281 samples in 30 sites analyzed until now were classified according to the chemical composition. And the color, size, manufacturing technique and distribution period were compared. Korea potash glass beads are divided into 3 types depending on the stabilizer content. I, II type is the CaO and $Al_2O_3$ content of less than 5%. Relatively, I type has a high CaO and II type has a high $Al_2O_3$. In contrast, III type comprises more than CaO 5%. I, II type is the saltpetre, III type is estimated using plant ash as row material of flux. A review of the properties by type, I type is cobalt blue, copper blue and purple beads. The outer diameter is sized to the range 1.4~7.4mm. Also it was produced by the drawing technique. It was used continuously from BC 1C until around AD 6C. On the other hand, II type is outer diameter of 1.9~3.6mm and a copper blue beads. manufacturing technique is the same as the I type. This seems to have been in use since around AD 1C to 4C. Finally, III type is brown, colorless, amber beads and an outer diameter of about 10mm. It was formed by winding technique and appeared in the tombs of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. As a result, 3 types of potash glass beads distributed in Korea is likely to flowing through the various trade routes from different provenances.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.416-429
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of VM components(facade color and show window type) on store image and purchasing intention of fashion stores. The subjects were 428 male and female university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province. The measuring instruments were 6 stimuli manipulated by $3{\times}2$ factorial design of facade color and show window type, and a self-administrated questionnaire consisted of store image, purchasing intention, and subjects' demographic characteristics. The results were as follows. First, facade color mainly affected store image and purchasing intention. White color was preferred as more positive images(pleasurable, comfortable, neat, and modern), and showed higher purchasing intention than brown color. Second, show window type affected some store images. Semi-open type was perceived as more pleasurable image than enclosed type, whereas enclosed type was perceived as more luxurious, neat, and attractive image than semi-open type. However, show window type didn't affect purchasing intention. Third, subject' sex affected store image and purchasing intention. Male subjects perceived more positively on store image and had higher purchasing intention than females. This study suggested that facade color and show window type are important VM components affecting store image and purchasing intention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 2022

This study sought to typify incontinence symptoms and how women over sixty perceive incontinence panties and pads. The study uses Q methodology to analyze the perception of these products by type. The research utilized Q methodology and the QUANL pc program for analysis. Type 1 was a type of depression and anxiety due to incontinence. Type 1 was a type of thinking that incontinence was hidden from others. Type 2 was a smell-sensitive reclusion. Type 2 was most concerned about smell, as people sometimes avoid interpersonal relationships because of urinary incontinence. Type 3 was function-oriented toilet frequently. Type 3 was recognizing that the absorption function of incontinence products is important, as the toilet is frequently used. Type 3 mainly wore underwear among incontinence products and thought that incontinence was not hidden from others. In the case of incontinent women, products that prevent others from feeling the smell of urine were considered important. Future studies should expand on this study's work to analyze practical, currently-existing incontinence products.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.403-413
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D mesh-type impact protection pad with excellent motion adaptability and functionality by applying 3D printing technology. The hexagonal 3D mesh, which constitutes the basic structure of the pad, comprises two types: small and large. The bridge connecting the basic units was designed as the I-type, V-type, IV-type, and VV-type. After evaluating the characteristics of the bridge, it was found that the V-type bridge had the highest flexibility and tensile elongation. The hip joint pad and knee pad were completed by combining the hexagonal 3D mesh structure with the optimal bridge design. The impact protection pad was printed using a fused deposition modeling-type 3D printer with a filament made of thermoplastic polyurethane material, and the protection pad's performance was evaluated. When an impact force of approximately 6,500N was applied to the pad, the force attenuation percentage was 78%, and when an impact force of approximately 8,000N was applied, the force attenuation percentage was 75%. Through these results, it was confirmed that the 3D-printed impact protection pad with a hexagonal 3D mesh structure connected by a V-shaped bridge developed in this study can adapt to changes in the body surface according to movement and provides excellent impact protection performance.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1975

A knowledge of the wide ranges in shape of liver is important in the interpretation of hepatic scintigraphy as some variants may be easily confused with pathological abnormalities. In this study, the variations in shape in 250 cases of normal liver obtained by scintiphoto were categorized into 9 types by means of the arbitrary standard for classification. Following were the results; 1) Among 250 normal cases, type 5 was 118(47.2%) with the highest prevalence and type 3 was 2 (0.8%) with the lowest. 2) A high incidence of obesity was noted in type 1, type 4 and type 8. That of ideal weight was noted in type 2, type 5 type 6 and type 9. 3) A high ratio of cardiac impression in scintiphoto was noted in type 4, type 7 and type 8. That of square left lobe was noted in type 2, type 6 and type 9. Finally that of tailed left lobe was in type 4, type 7 and type 8.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 1984

In spite of many projections of TMJ, there are rarely satisfactory projections of TMJ. The author traced and measured the P-A cephalograms, which number is 70 in each male and female, them finding the following results. 1. The long axis of the condyle is 19.80㎜ on the right, and 19.89㎜ on the left in male, and that of 18.65㎜ on the right and 18.10㎜ on the left in female. 2. The intercondylar distance is 119.02㎜ in male, and 108.20㎜ in female, resulting that the intercondylar distance in male is much longer than that in female. 3. The right and left deviation of the midline passing through the center of the intercondylar distance and prosthion is +0.37㎜ in male, +0.64㎜ in female, and its range is from -4.6 to +5.7㎜ in male, and from -3.2 to +6.1㎜ in female, resulting that prosthion nearly coincides with midline. 4. The angle of the intercondylar distance and the long axis (vertical angle) is +5.48' in male, and +6.02' in female, resulting that there is a little difference between male and female and the angle of the right is greater than that of the left in both male and female. 5. The typology of the condyle in sum of male and female is; Right: A type 55 (39.3%), B type 66 (47.1%), C type, 12 (8.6%), D type, 7 (5.0%), E type, 0 (0%) Left: A type, 60 (42.9%), B type, 58 (41.4%), C type, 14 (10.0%), D type, 8 (5.7%), E type, 0 (0%) 6. The distribution of the typology between the right and the left is; AA 26 (18.6%), AB 50 (35.7%), AC 10 (7.1%), AD 3 (2.1%) BB 26 (18.6%), BC 13 (9.3%), BD 9 (6.4%), CC 0 (0%), CD 3 (2.1%)