DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristic Comparison of the Composition Classification on Potash Glass Beads Excavated in Korea

한국 포타쉬 유리구슬의 조성 분류에 따른 특성 비교

  • KIM, Na-Young (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University) ;
  • KIM, Gyu-Ho (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Sciences, Kongju National University)
  • 김나영 (국립공주대학교 문화재보존과학과) ;
  • 김규호 (국립공주대학교 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2015.08.17
  • Accepted : 2015.09.10
  • Published : 2015.09.20

Abstract

In this study, the potash glass beads of 281 samples in 30 sites analyzed until now were classified according to the chemical composition. And the color, size, manufacturing technique and distribution period were compared. Korea potash glass beads are divided into 3 types depending on the stabilizer content. I, II type is the CaO and $Al_2O_3$ content of less than 5%. Relatively, I type has a high CaO and II type has a high $Al_2O_3$. In contrast, III type comprises more than CaO 5%. I, II type is the saltpetre, III type is estimated using plant ash as row material of flux. A review of the properties by type, I type is cobalt blue, copper blue and purple beads. The outer diameter is sized to the range 1.4~7.4mm. Also it was produced by the drawing technique. It was used continuously from BC 1C until around AD 6C. On the other hand, II type is outer diameter of 1.9~3.6mm and a copper blue beads. manufacturing technique is the same as the I type. This seems to have been in use since around AD 1C to 4C. Finally, III type is brown, colorless, amber beads and an outer diameter of about 10mm. It was formed by winding technique and appeared in the tombs of Goryeo and Joseon Dynasty. As a result, 3 types of potash glass beads distributed in Korea is likely to flowing through the various trade routes from different provenances.

본 연구에서는 지금까지 자연과학적 분석을 통해 확인된 30개 유적의 281점 포타쉬유리에 대하여 화학 조성에 따라 유형을 분류하고 색상, 크기, 제작 기법 그리고 유통 시기를 비교하였다. 한국의 포타쉬유리는 안정제 함량에 따라 3가지 유형으로 구분된다. I, II형은 CaO와 $Al_2O_3$ 함량이 모두 5% 미만으로 상대적으로 I형은 CaO 함량이 높고 II형은 $Al_2O_3$ 함량이 높다. 이와 달리 III형은 CaO를 5% 이상 포함한다. 이들은 융제를 첨가하기 위해 I, II형이 초석, III형이 식물 재를 원료로 사용한 것으로 추정된다. 유형별 특성에서, I형은 감청색, 벽색 및 청록색, 자색을 띠고 외경이 1.4~7.4mm까지 다양한 크기가 확인된다. 늘인 기법에 의해 제작되었으며 가장 빠른 BC 1C경 출현하여 AD 6C까지 지속적으로 유통된 것으로 나타났다. 반면 II형은 벽색 및 청록색을 띠며, 외경이 1.9~3.6mm 정도의 소형 구슬이다. 제작 기법은 I형과 동일하며 AD 1C경 나타나 4C경 단절되는 양상을 보인다. 마지막으로 III형은 갈색, 무색, 황색을 띠며 외경이 대략 10mm 전후에 달하는 대형 구슬이다. 말은 기법에 의해 성형되었으며 고려 및 조선시대 민묘에서 등장한다. 이상의 결과에서 한국에서 유통된 3가지 유형의 포타쉬유리는 각기 다른 생산지에서 다양한 교역 루트를 통해 유입된 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Chung K.Y., Kang H.T., Koh M.J. and Kim H.J., 2011, chemical composition of glass beads from tombs of Bupwha-ri site, Yeongdong, Journal of conservation science, 27(3), 243-3250. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. GAN Fuxi, 2005, Development of Chinese Ancient Glass, Shanghai Scientific and Technologic Press, (in Chinese)
  3. Kang H.T., Cho N.C., Han M.S., Kim W.H. and Hong J.Y., 2009, chemical composition and lead isotope ratio of glass beads excavated from Eunpyeong Newtown Site, Journal of conservation science, 25(3), 335-345. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Kim, G.H,, 2001, Excavation Report: Composition analysis of glass beads from Mabuk-ri in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeonggi provincial museum, 243-249.
  5. Kim, G.H,, 2002, A study of archaeological chemistry on ancient glasses found in Korea, Doctor's Thesis in Chungang University.(in Korean with English abstract)
  6. Kim, G.H., Song Y.N. and Kim, N.Y., 2005, Excavation Report 46: A study of archaeological chemistry on ancient glasses from Gal-dong site in Wanju. Honam cultural property research center, Damyang, 199-206.(in Korean)
  7. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y., 2010, Excavation Report: A study of archaeological chemistry on ancient glasses from Gusan-dong site in Gimhae. Gyeongnam archaeology institute, Jinju, 38-91.(in Korean)
  8. Kim, D.Y., Kim, N.Y., Lee, S.B. and Kim, G.H., 2011, The Characteristic Transition on Glass Beads of Proto-three Kingdom Periods excavated from Deokcheon-ri tombs, Gyeongju, Sanggosa Hakbo, 74, 115-131.(in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y. and Han S.I., 2012, Excavation Report 62: Production techniques and chemical composition of glass beads excavated from Okpo site in Daeju. Sunglim cultural property research center, Gyeongju, 277-306.(in Korean)
  10. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y., 2013a, Excavation Report 171: Production techniques and chemical composition of glass beads excavated from Seon-dong site in Gochang. Honam cultural property research center, Damyang, 255-277.(in Korean)
  11. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y., 2013b, Excavation Report 39: A study of archaeological chemistry on ancient glasses from Cheonggye-ri site in Hwaseong. Hanbaek research institute for cultural heritage, Seoul, 291-305.(in Korean)
  12. Kim, N.Y, 2013, An Investigation of Chemical Characteristics on Alkali Glass Beads at the Three Kingdoms Period in Korea, Doctor's Thesis in Kongju National University.(in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y. and Park Y.A., 2014, Excavation Report 180: Production techhniques and chemical composition of glass beads excavated from Shinpoong in Wanju. Honam cultural property research center, Damyang, 114-255.(in Korean)
  14. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y., 2015, Excavation Report 98: Production techniques and chemical composition of beads excavated from Hwanam-ri site in Yeongcheon. Sunglim cultural property research center, Gyeongju, 277-306.(in Korean)
  15. Kim, G.H., Kim, N.Y., Jeong L, Yun J.H. and Park Y.A., 2015, Excavation Report: Production techniques and chemical composition of the beads excavated from Jinyeong site in Gimhae, Korea cultural heritage foundation, Seoul, 114-255.(in Korean)
  16. Lee, I.S., 1991, Archaeological study of ancient glass in Korea, Doctor's Thesis in Hanyang University.(in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Lee, I.S., 2009, Characteristics of early glasses in ancient korea with respect to Asia maritime bead trade, Ancient glass research along the Silk Road, World Scientific.
  18. Roy Newton, Sandra Davison, 1989, Conservation of glass, Butterworths.
  19. Shu Meiguang, He Ouli and Zhou Fuhwng, 1986, Investigation on some Chinese potash glasses Excavated in Han Dynasty Tomb, X IV International congress on glass archaeometry of glass, Indian Ceramic Society.
  20. Song Y.N., Kim, G.H., 2006, Analysis and investigation of archaeological chemistry on the glass beads of Dujeongdong site of Cheonan, Korea, Journal of conservation science, 18, 5-18. (in Korean with English abstract)
  21. Song Y.N., 2006, Analysis and investigation of archaeological chemistry on the glass beads of Baekje Period in Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, Master's Thesis in Kongju National University.(in Korean with English abstract)
  22. Tamura T., 2012, Ancient trade routes through the glass; Focusing on the comparison of glass beads excavated the Tomb of King Muryeong and Japanese, Paekche culture, 46, 103-144. (in Korean with Japanese)
  23. Yu, H.S., Kang, H.T., 2001, The Scientific analysis of glass beads excavated from King Muryeong's Tomb, Special Exhibition Report for 30th anniversary of excavations of King Muryeong's Tomb, Gongju National Museum, 209-214.(in Korea)
  24. ZHAO Hongxia, LI Qinghui, GAN Fuxi and CHENG Huansheng, 2007, PIXE study on ancient glass samples of the Han Dynasty unearthed from Hepu county, Guangxi, NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 30(1), 27-33.(in Chinese)
  25. Zvi goffer, 1980, Archaeological Chemistry, JOHNWILEY& SONS, 136-166.

Cited by

  1. Compositions and Characteristics on the Glass Beads from Jeongjang?ri Site in Geochang, Korea vol.32, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2016.32.1.07