• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

신경생물학 접근법은 정신학에서의 심신 이원론 문제를 해결하고 새로운 진단과 치료법을 발달시키는 데 도움을 주었다. 하지만 신경정신장애의 복합성 때문에 신경생물학의 신경해부학 부분을 너무 강조하는 것은 문제가 될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 발달성 협응장애 (DCD)는 일반적으로 움직임과 관련된 장애이지만 종종 지각과도 긴밀한 관계가 있다. 뇌의 기능적 분류에 입각한 두 시각 이론은 대뇌의 복측은 물체의 재인을, 배측은 움직임, 위치와 관련되어 있다고 주장한다. 하지만 물체의 지각은 시각적으로 유도되는 행동과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이 논문에서는 두 시각 이론을 설명하는 기본적인 연구들을 검토하고, 이 이론에 대한 비판을 제시한다. 특히, 발달성 협응장애와 같은 운동뿐만 아니라 지각과 관련이 있는 신경정신장애에 구조적인 신경생물학 접근법을 적용하는 것의 한계점을 제시한다. 결론적으로, 현대의 신경정신분야에 융복합적으로 사용되는 신경생물학 접근법은 유용하지만, 신경구조적 분류에 너무 집중하면 한계점이 나타날 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2016

Tapentadol is a novel oral analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the ${\mu}$-opioid receptor (MOR), and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) all in a single molecule. Immediate release (IR) tapentadol shows its analgesic effect quickly, at around 30 minutes. Its MOR agonistic action produces acute nociceptive pain relief; its role as an NRI brings about chronic neuropathic pain relief. Absorption is rapid, with a mean maximal serum concentration at 1.25-1.5 h after oral intake. It is present primarily in the form of conjugated metabolites after glucuronidation, and excretes rapidly and completely via the kidneys. The most common adverse reactions are nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and somnolence. Constipation is more common in use of the ER formulation. Precautions against concomitant use of central nervous system depressants, including sedatives, hypnotics, tranquilizers, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other opioids, and alcohol, or use of tapentadol within 14 days of the cessation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are advised. The safety and efficacy have not been established for use during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, or for nursing mothers, pediatric patients less than 18 years of age, and cases of severe renal impairment and severe hepatic impairment. The major concerns for tapentadol are abuse, addiction, seeking behavior, withdrawal, and physical dependence. The presumed problem for use of tapentadol is to control the ratio of MOR agonist and NRI. In conclusion, tapentadol produces both nociceptive and neuropathic pain relief, but with worries about abuse and dependence.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 학술회의 논문집 정보 및 제어부문 B
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• pp.555-558
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• 2003

When a fault relating to the urgent alarm occurs, we must prevent control rods from dropping and make one of two grippers in Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) grip the drive rod laking a control rod assembly. If a gripper with any problem is ordered to grip the drive rod, the gripper which cannot latch the rod stably will fail to take the rod. On the purpose of escaping this bad case, we order two grippers to hold the drive rod and enhance the reliability of holding control rods. This action is called the double hold. In the middle of the movement of the drive rod, the latching of the drive rod can cause friction between a gripper and the drive rod. This state may give damage to both the gripper and the drive rod. In this paper, we have devised the method which can have two grippers hold the drive rod more stably, without damaging the equipment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.220-226
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• 2012

An assessment of Marsh crocodile's (Crocodylus palustris LESSON, 1831) habitat, its feasibility in supporting the total population, feeding, hatching difficulty and variations in egg and clutch size of Marsh crocodile were carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park for one year (July 2010 to June 2011). Major problem identified was the breeding failure, i.e. till now no hatching were found. Mainly two local weather variables (average temperature and humidity) were identified as the most obstructing parameters. Higher temperature (average $37.03^{\circ}C$) and Lower Humidity (average 75.33%) in comparison with standard range of incubation temperature and humidity for Marsh crocodile were seems to be vital reason for the failure of hatching. Understanding of the identified problem of this paper can direct the wildlife conservationist and the policy maker to take proper action for conserving the Marsh Crocodile in Bangladesh.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2005

When recording single-unit responses from neural systems, a common problem is the accurate detection of spikes (action potentials) in the presence of competing unwanted (noise) signals. While some sources of noise can be readily dealt with through filtering or 'template subtraction' techniques, other sources present a more difficult problem. In particular, noise components introduced by power supplies, which contain harmonics of the power-line frequency, can be particularly troublesome in that they can mimic the shape of the desired spikes. Thus, standard 'template subtraction' techniques or notch-filtering approaches are not appropriate. In this study, we propose the use of a novel template-subtraction scheme that involves estimating the power-line noise waveform and using cross-correlation techniques to subtract them from the recordings. This technique requires two key steps: (1) cross-correlation analysis of each recorded waveform extracts a robust representation of the power-line noise waveform and (2) a second level of cross-correlation to successfully subtract that representation from each recorded waveform. This paper describes this algorithm and provides examples of its implementation using actual recorded waveforms that are contaminated with these noise signals. An improvement (reduction) in the noise level is reported, as are suggestions for future implementation of this strategy.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The problem of laterally loaded piles is particularly a complex soil-structure interaction problem. The flexural stresses developed due to the combined action of axial load and bending moment must be evaluated in a realistic and rational manner for safe and economical design of pile foundation. The paper reports the finite element analysis of pile groups. For this purpose simplified models along the lines similar to that suggested by Desai et al. (1981) are used for idealizing various elements of the foundation system. The pile is idealized one dimensional beam element, pile cap as two dimensional plate element and the soil as independent closely spaced linearly elastic springs. The analysis takes into consideration the effect of interaction between pile cap and soil underlying it. The pile group is considered to have been embedded in cohesive soil. The parametric study is carried out to examine the effect of pile spacing, pile diameter, number of piles and arrangement of pile on the responses of pile group. The responses considered include the displacement at top of pile group and bending moment in piles. The results obtained using the simplified approach of the F.E. analysis are further compared with the results of the complete 3-D F.E. analysis published earlier and fair agreement is observed in the either result.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.263-278
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• 2022

The time-varying structural reliability of an aeroelastic launch vehicle subjected to stochastic parameters is investigated. The launch vehicle structure is under the combined action of several stochastic loads that include aerodynamics, thrust as well as internal combustion pressure. The launch vehicle's main body structural flexibility is modeled via the normal mode shapes of a free-free Euler beam, where the aerodynamic loadings on the vehicle are due to force on each incremental section of the vehicle. The rigid and elastic coupled nonlinear equations of motion are derived following the Lagrangian approach that results in a complete aeroelastic simulation for the prediction of the instantaneous launch vehicle rigid-body motion as well as the body elastic deformations. Reliability analysis has been performed based on two distinct limit state functions, defined as the maximum launch vehicle tip elastic deformation and also the maximum allowable stress occurring along the launch vehicle total length. In this fashion, the time-dependent reliability problem can be converted into an equivalent time-invariant reliability problem. Subsequently, the first-order reliability method, as well as the Monte Carlo simulation schemes, are employed to determine and verify the aeroelastic launch vehicle dynamic failure probability for a given flight time.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.636-639
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• 2004

Reinforced concrete structures have been used for a long time. However, corrosion problem in reinforcing steel is inevitable, which results in the degradation of performance and the shortening of the life of structures. To overcome such problems, FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer) rebars have been developed. Due to their corrosion resistance and their superior mechanical properties, FRP rebars are increasingly applied to concrete structures in other countries. To obtain the composite action between FRP rebars and concrete, sufficient bond between two materials must be secured. But, the behavior of FRP rebars is different from that of steel rebars. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and develop the proper bond mechanism of FRP rebars to use them in concrete structures. This paper presents analytical results to investigate the bond-slip relationship between FRP rebars and concrete based on pull out tests.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 1995

Increasingly, risk analysis is becoming important ingredients in achieving the successful implementation and application in the area of the project management. The project management system is designed to manage or control the project resources on a given activity within time, cost and performance so called TPPM (Total Productive Project Management). In this research, a risk analysis model misproposed to identify potential problem areas, quantify the risks, and generated the chice of the action that can be taken to reduce the risk. In addition two analysis models are proposed : 1) risk factor model and 2) network simulation model using VERT (Venture Evaluation and Review Technique ). The objective of the remodels is to estimate the schedule, cost performance risks. These proposed quantitative models for project risk analysis are proving its value for the project managers who need to assess the risk of changes in cost, schedule, or performance. The proposed models will be used in the area of project selection, evaluation and the allocation of project resources.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2007

Business Rules are formal statements about the data and processes of an enterprise. They present projections of the organization's constraints and ways of working on their supporting information systems. Therefore, their collection, structuring and organization should be central activities within information systems. In an enterprise, business rules are used to represent certain aspects of a business domain (static rules) or business policy (dynamic rules). Hence, regarding problem domains in the organization, business rules are classified into two groups: static and dynamic business rules. The paper introduces a new concept of business rules, Extended Dynamic Business Rule (EDBR) which contains the results of the occurrence of business rule's action. The focus of this paper is in the organizing, defining and modeling of such business rules using Mineau's approach. Mineau's approach is an extension of Sowa's Conceptual Graph theory.