• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.381-392
• /
• 2003

Multi-temporal approaches using sequential data acquired over multiple years are essential for satisfactory discrimination between many land-cover classes whose signatures exhibit seasonal trends. At any particular time, the response of several classes may be indistinguishable. A harmonic model that can represent seasonal variability is characterized by four components: mean level, frequency, phase and amplitude. The trigonometric components of the harmonic function inherently contain temporal information about changes in land-cover characteristics. Using the estimates which are obtained from sequential images through spectral analysis, seasonal periodicity can be incorporates into multi-temporal classification. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was computed for one week composites of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery over the Korean peninsula for 1996 ～ 2000 using a dynamic technique. Land-cover types were then classified both with the estimated harmonic components using an unsupervised classification approach based on a hierarchical clustering algorithm. The results of the classification using the harmonic components show that the new approach is potentially very effective for identifying land-cover types by the analysis of its multi-temporal behavior.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.269-282
• /
• 2021

A dynamic analytical solution for a simply supported, rectangular functionally graded plate with a porous middle layer under time-dependent load based on a refined third-order shear deformation theory with a cubic variation of in-plane displacements according to the thickness and linear/quadratic transverse displacement is presented. The solution achieved in the trigonometric series form and rests on the Green's function method. Two porosity types and their influence on material properties, and mechanical behavior are considered. The network of pores is assumed to be empty or filled with low-pressure air, and the material properties are calculated using the power-law distribution idealization. Numerical calculations have been carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the kinematic model for the dynamic problem, the effect of porosity, thickness of porous layers, power-law index, and type of loading on the dynamic response of an imperfect functionally graded material plate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제87권2호
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 2023

This paper presents a novel method for modeling elastic wave propagation in long beams. The proposed method derives a solution for the transient transverse displacement of the beam's neutral axis without assuming the separation of variables (SV). By mapping the governing equation from the space domain to the frequency domain using Fourier transformation (FT), the transverse displacement function is determined as a convolution integral of external loading functions and a combination of trigonometric and Fresnel functions. This method determines the beam's response to general loading conditions as a linear combination of the analytical response of a beam subjected to an abrupt localized loading. The proposed solution method is verified through finite element analysis (FEA) and wave propagation patterns are derived for tone burst loading with specific frequency contents. The results demonstrate that the proposed solution method accurately models wave dispersion, reduces computational cost, and yields accurate results even for high-frequency loading.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.1057-1069
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we have determined the degree of approximation of function belonging of Lipschitz class by using Deferred-Generalized Nörlund (D^𝛾_𝛽.N_pq) means of Fourier series and conjugate series of Fourier series, where {p_n} and {q_n} is a non-increasing sequence. So that results of DEGER and BAYINDIR [23] become special cases of our results.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2005

Kriging model is widely used as design analysis and computer experiment (DACE) model in the field of engineering design to accomplish computationally feasible design optimization. In general, kriging model has been applied to many engineering applications as an interpolation model because it is usually constructed from deterministic simulation responses. However, when the responses include not only global nonlinearity but also numerical error, it is not suitable to use Kriging model that can distort global behavior. In this research, generalized kriging model that can represent both interpolation and regression is proposed. The performances of generalized kriging model are compared with those of interpolating kriging model for numerical function with error of normal distribution type and trigonometric function type. As an application of the proposed approach, the response of a simple dynamic model with numerical integration error is predicted based on sampling data. It is verified that the generalized kriging model can predict a noisy response without distortion of its global behavior. In addition, the influences of maximum likelihood estimation to prediction performance are discussed for the dynamic model.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1439-1450
• /
• 1995

Bellows is a familiar component in piping systems as it provides a relatively simple means of absorbing thermal expansion and providing system flexibility. In routine piping flexibility analysis by finite element methods, bellows is usually considered to be straight pipe runs modified by an appropriate flexibility factor; maximum stresses are evaluated using a corresponding stress concentration factor. The aim of this study is to develop a bellows finite element, which similarly includes more complex shell type deformation patterns. This element also does not require flexibility or stress factors, but evaluates more detailed deformation and stress patterns. The proposed bellows element is a 3-D, 2-noded line element, with three degrees of freedom per node and no bending. It is formulated by including additional 'internal' degrees of freedom to account for the deformation of the bellows corrugation; specifically a quarter toroidal section of the bellows, loaded by axial force, is considered and the shell type deformation of this is include by way of an approximating trigonometric series. The stiffness of each half bellows section may be found by minimising the potential energy of the section for a chosen deformation shape function. An experiment on the flexibility is performed to verify the reliability for bellows finite element.

• Coupled systems mechanics
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.373-393
• /
• 2018

This paper is concerned with the wave propagation behavior of rotating functionally graded temperature-dependent nanoscale beams subjected to thermal loading based on nonlocal strain gradient stress field. Uniform, linear and nonlinear temperature distributions across the thickness are investigated. Thermo-elastic properties of FG beam change gradually according to the Mori-Tanaka distribution model in the spatial coordinate. The nanobeam is modeled via a higher-order shear deformable refined beam theory which has a trigonometric shear stress function. The governing equations are derived by Hamilton's principle as a function of axial force due to centrifugal stiffening and displacement. By applying an analytical solution and solving an eigenvalue problem, the dispersion relations of rotating FG nanobeam are obtained. Numerical results illustrate that various parameters including temperature change, angular velocity, nonlocality parameter, wave number and gradient index have significant effect on the wave dispersion characteristics of the understudy nanobeam. The outcome of this study can provide beneficial information for the next generation researches and exact design of nano-machines including nanoscale molecular bearings and nanogears, etc.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2018

In this current work a quasi 3D "trigonometric shear deformation theory" is proposed and discussed for the dynamic of thick orthotropic plates. Contrary to the classical "higher order shear deformation theories" (HSDT) and the "first shear deformation theory" (FSDT), the constructed theory utilizes a new displacement field which includes "undetermined integral terms" and presents only three "variables". In this model the axial displacement utilizes sinusoidal mathematical function in terms of z coordinate to introduce the shear strain impact. The cosine mathematical function in terms of z coordinate is employed in vertical displacement to introduce the impact of transverse "normal deformation". The motion equations of the model are found via the concept of virtual work. Numerical results found for frequency of "flexural mode", mode of shear and mode of thickness stretch impact of dynamic of simply supported "orthotropic" structures are compared and verified with those of other HSDTs and method of elasticity wherever considered.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2009

Fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy sets (FNIFSs), each of which is characterized by a membership function and a non-membership function whose values are trigonometric fuzzy number rather than exact numbers, are a very useful means to describe the decision information in the process of decision making. Wang [10] developed some arithmetic aggregation operators, such as the fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy weighted averaging (FIFWA) operator, the fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (FIFOWA) operator and the fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid aggregation (FIFHA) operator. In this paper, based on the FIFHA operator and the FIFWA operator, we investigate the group decision making problems in which all the information provided by the decision-makers is presented as fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrices where each of the elements is characterized by fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the information about attribute weights is partially known. An example is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2020

The permeation grouting is a commonly used technique to improve the engineering geology condition of the soft ground. It is of great significance to predict the permeation range of the grout so as to ensure the effects of grouting. This paper conducts a theoretical analysis of jet-grouting effects in ground improvement and rotary grouting pile installation by utilizing deformation-permeation coupled poroelastic solutions based on Biot's theory and Laplace-Fourier integral transform technique. The exponential function and the intermittent trigonometric function are chosen to represent time-dependent grouting pressure usually encountered in ground improvement and rotary grouting pile installation process, respectively. The results, including the radial displacement, the hoop stress, the excess pore fluid pressure, the radial discharge, and the permeation radius of grout, are presented for different grouting time, radial positions and grouting lengths. Parametric study is conducted to explore the effects of variation of the exponent in the exponential grouting pressure-time relationship on grouting-induced responses. It is expected that the proposed solutions can be used to estimate the permeation range of grouting in ground improvement and rotary grouting pile installation.