• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.399-403
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• 2007

In order to obtain practical application of Daehwangmokdan-tang gout disease, water extract of Gami-daehwangmokdan-tang(GDMT) added with Lonicera japonica is prepared through decoction and freeze drying. The effects were evaluated with blood sample from ICR mice treated with MSU intra-peritoneal injection 1 time a day, 3 days consecutively. The results were as follows. GDMT decreased BUN, creatinine and C-reactive protein level in serum significantly. But the HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were not changed in spite of positive tendency in HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride and uric acid levels were decreased significantly too. These results show that GDMT can be used effectively against the urate-related gout disease.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.124-130
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• 2014

The aim of this study undertook to ascertain the health levels and risk among petty merchants at some traditional markets by way of physical examination and laboratory tests. Data was collected through physical examination and laboratory tests on blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. The data was analyzed by Frequency analysis, T-test, One-Way ANOVA using the PASW statistics 18.0 program. By blood pressure on sex, male ($1.89{\pm}0.6$), female ($1.48{\pm}0.6$) appeared (p<0.001). Male levels were higher than in female levels. Additionally TG appeared male levels ($193.4{\pm}129.4$), female levels ($142.7{\pm}80.6$). Male levels were higher than in female levels (p<0.006). By blood pressure as the age increased in more than 70 (2.17) exhibited a statistically significant difference. These merchants did not practice health behaviors nor take institutional health management benefit. Therefore governmental level community based health management services are recommended for them.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1997

The hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Polygonatum odoratum in non-insulin dependent diabetes metlitus (NIDDM) patients were investigated in this study. Sixty five NIDDM patients were divided into two groups: hospital diet (HD), Polygonatum odorat um diet (PD). HD group was provided with the diabetic diet used in a hospital and PD group consumed the Polygonatum odoratum added to the HD. The index of obesity, the level of fasting blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), fasting and postprandial blood glucose of NIDDM patients of the PD group were significantly lowered after the experimental period of 4 weeks. The levels of the plasma glucose, lipid and index of obesity was measured. The tendency of elevating the level of HDL-cholesterol and lowering the levels of triglyceride, LDL-cholesternl and total cholesternl were also noticed in NIDDM patients of the PD group. The results showed that Polygonatutn odoratum could be an important dietary source to control hyperglycemia and hypertension and that the plant could be recommended as a preventive or therapeutic agent for NIDDM patients.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of the pine needle sap administration on serum lipid composition and liver antioxidant defense system in rats fed with high fat diet. Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. three control groups were fed with 5% lipid diet and three high fat groups were fed with 30% lipid diet. Each group was administered with the following pine needle sap respectively : C-0.0, 1.ml water, C-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water C-1.0, 1.ml pine needle sap : H-0.0, 1.ml water, H-0.5, 0.ml pine needle sap and 0.ml water H-1.0, 1.0ml pinus needle sap. After 4 weeks of experimental periods the level of serum obtained and serum lipid was measured respectively. The results were as follows 1. Significant low level was observed for food intake, weight gain, FER in the experimental group administered with the pine needle sap. 2. No difference of the concentration of serum triglyceride was observed out the experimental group with 5% fat diet, however out of the experimental group with 30% fat diet it was low in (H-1.0) group where 1.0ml of the pine needle sap was administrated. 3. In the experimental group with 5% fat diet the concentration of serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was low, especially the hypocholesteromic effect in serum administered by the pine needle sap was significantly high in group C-1.0 where 1.0ml of pine needle sap was administered. In the high fat group provided with 30% fat when the pine needle sap was administered there was a tendency that concentration of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased however there was no difference significantly. 4. Serum GOT activity was relatively high in high fat diet group. However, when 1$m\ell$ of pine needle sap was administered the activity was lower than that of the control group in H-1.0 group and the activity level was similar with that of the high fat diet group in c-1.0 group. There was no difference of serum GPT activitives followed by the administered of pine needle sap among the experimental group. 5. Liver TBARS levels were high in general in high fat diet group, however it showed no difference when the pine needle sap with different concentration level was administered. The results of this study indicate that the pine needle sap administration was effective in decreasing the food intake and weight gain of the experimental animals in the high fat diet and also effective in decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and GOT activities. However it was not effective to change the level of TBARS and GSH -Px activities of liver. Thus, it was found that the pine needle sap administration was effective for the improvement of serum lipid composition condition of the experimental animals in the high fat diet group but it was not effective in the antioxidant defense system of liver.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 1999

Cortex Mori radicis has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this study, the antihyperglycemic effect of Cortex Mori radicis was observed in obese diabetic mice(C57BLKsJ db/db). Cold water extract of Cortex Mori radicis was supplied in tab water(500, 1000 mg/kg/day) with normal chow for 5 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain were decreased significantly in experimental group. Also experimental group exhibited lower fasting serum glucose level when compaired to control group. Hb Alc level and triglyceride level were lowered in a dose-dependent manner. The activity of small intestinal disaccharidases was decreased at most segments. In conclusion, Cortex Mori radicis has anti-obesity effect to reduce food intake and body weight gain. And it is able to decrease the activity of small intestinal disaccharides and thus it can reduce serum glucose level and triglyceride level.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of tongue color and the correlation of the tongue colors with clinical laboratory parameters. Methods : Statistical analysis on the frequency of each tongue color and the results of the clinical laboratory parameters in each tongue color group. Results : Tongue colors that appeared most frequently were 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c in that order. Following them, 494c and 507c were rarer colors, and 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c were equally rarest colors. Among each tongue color group, a significant difference was found in the result of complete blood cell count (CBC). The level of red blood cell (RBC) of 7432c group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 694c group. The level of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) of 7432c group were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. The level of RBC of 7431c group was lowest and significantly different from 694c, 7432c group. In results of the other tests were not significantly different. However the level of total cholesterol was higher in 695c, 694c, 500c group, and the level of triglyceride was higher in 500c, 7431c, 694c group. Those four colors have a low chroma and 7431c, 695c take blue violet color. Conclusions : The tongue color is distributed throughout following colors by order of frequency: 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c, 708c, 494c, 507c, 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c. Some parameters of CBC has a significant correlation with some tongue colors. Other results including lipid profile, renal function test, and liver function test had no significant difference according to tongue color. However, the colors which have low chroma or take blue violet color tented to be higher in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.160-164
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between past smoking and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Methods : From January 2007 to December 2007, a total of 3,916 over thirty years old male health screen examinees were divided into the nonsmoking, smoking, ex-smoking groups. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on the criteria of the NCEP ATP III(Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program). Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: a blood pressure $\geq$ 130/85 mmHg, a fasting glucose level $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, a HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) level < 40 mg/dL, a triglyceride level $\geq$ 150 mg/dL and, a waist circumference men $\geq$ 102 cm, but a waist to hip ratio > 0.90 was used as a surrogate for the waist circumference. Results : After adjustment for age, alcohol consumption and, exercise in the smokers, for the ex-smokers compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio (OR) of a lower HDL cholesterol level (<40 mg/dL) was 1.29 (95% CI=1.03-1.61) in the smokers, the ORs of a higher triglyceride level were 1.35 (95% CI=1.09-1.66) in the ex-smokers and, 2.12 (95% CI=1.75-2.57) in the smokers, and the OR of a waist to hip ratio was 1.25 (95% CI=1.03-1.52) in the ex-smokers. When there were over three components of metabolic syndrome in the ex-smokers and smokers as compared with the nonsmokers, the odds ratio against the risk of metabolic syndrome were 2.39 (95% CI=1.00-6.63) and 2.37 (95% CI=1.02-6.46), respectively. Conclusions : The present study suggested that there is an association of smoking with metabolic syndrome in men.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2006

Three different diet were made with meat for Crossbred pig ($^{\circ}_{+}$, 195 days old, $l15{\pm}5\;kg,\;Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and used as feed for rats after transformed into 12% protein, These diets include a pork not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period (Control, $T_0$), a pork fed with 3 and 5% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period, respectively ($T_1$), and a pork fed with 6 and 10% tangerine peel during growing and finishing period respectively($T_2$). The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks-old Sprague-Dawley rats with the three diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats was similar among the diets. The total lipid level of liver was similar among $T_0,\;T_1\;and\;T_2$. However, it was found that $T_1\;and\;T_2$ had significantly lower triglyceride and cholesterol level than $T_0$(p<0.05). All the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and ${\gamma}-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2006

Diets consist of two different pork samples: pork of a Jeju crossbred black pig not fed with tangerine peel during finishing period $(T_0)$, and pork fed with $6\%\;and\;10\%$ tangerine peel during growing and finishing period $(T_1)$, respectively. The effects of the diet on physiological activities of rats were studied by feeding 17 weeks old rats with the two diets for 4 weeks. The feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and weight of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad for the rats were similar among the diets. The total lipid level and triglyceride of liver were similar among $T_0$ and $T_1$. All of the diet groups showed similar trends in terms of the serum total lipid, phospholipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol level, and atherogenic index, hemoglobin level, and $\gamma-GTP$, ALT, AST and ALP activities. However, it was found that the cholesterol level of liver and the LDL-cholesterol of serum in $T_1$, was significantly lower than those in $T_0(p<0.05)$.