• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.1178-1184
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of antler velvet (EAV) on common serum chemistry panels and histopathological change in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Administration of TCDD ($50{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) induced significant decrease in platelet count (p<0.01), creatine phosphokinase (CPK, p<0.01), lactatate dehydrogenase (LDH, p<0.05) and glucose (p<0.05) levels and increase in hemoglobin (p<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p<0.01), alanine amino transferase (ALT, p<0.05) and lipase activities (p<0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01) and low density lipoptotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05) levels. However, pretreatment of EAV at daily dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. from 1 wk before TCDD exposure for 5 wks attenuated the abnormality of the overall serum chemistry panels but statistical difference between TE and TA groups was observed only in testicular weight (p<0.01), LDH activity (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05) and lipase activity (p<0.01). In addition, TCDD induced significant histopathological changes including swelling, fatty metamorphosis, and vacuolar degeneration in liver; edema in proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and glomerulus in kidney; severe atrophy of red purple and appearance of significant number of macrophage in spleen; prominent atrophy and decrease in immune cells in thymus. On the other hand, administration of EAV attenuated histopathological damage induced by TCDD. These results further suggest that administration of EAV attenuates TCDD induced testicular, liver, pancreatic, hematopoietic and nephrotic toxicities in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.935-942
• /
• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of flower of Pueraria lobata on liped peroxidation and activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes in alcohol-treated rats. Male Spra gue-Dawley rats were given 25% ethanol (Alcohol), 25% ethanol and 5 mg tectorigenin/kg B.W.(Alc.-Tec), 25% ethanol and 5mg kaikasaponin III/kg B.W. (Alc-Kai). The contents of serum total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid were increased by ethanol treatment and were lower in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Decreased serum HDL-cholesterol by alcohol treatment was recovered by tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III. Microsomal cytochrome P-450, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were increased by ethanol and were lower in the Alc. Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase was increased by ethanol and was higher in the Alc.-Tec and Alc.-Kai group than in the Alcohol group. Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activity was higher in Alc.-Tec group than in the other group. No significant difference was found in catalase activity among treatment groups. These data indicate that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III were effected alcohol metabolic enzyme system and the liver damage associated with chronic ethanol consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.841-846
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of laminaran from Eisenia bicyclis on serum lipid composition of rats fed high fat and cholesterol diets. Fourty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $70{\pm}2.5g$ of 4 weeks old were fed experimental diets for 6 weeks with high fat diet consisting of basal diet plus cholesterol (1%) and lard (10%) for the inducement of hyperlipidemia. The effect of laminaran supplements via drinking waters on serum lipid composition of rat were investigated for 5 weeks by administration of experimental diet group fed basal diet only as normal group, control group fed high fat diet, LL group fed high fat diet plus 0.25% laminaran containing water, and LH group fed high fat diet plus 0.5% laminaran containing water, respectively. As a results of experiments, it was found that LL and LH groups showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain and liver weight as compared with control and it may caused by decreased FER. The weight of cecum and adipose tissue (EFP) of LL group showed a significantly (p<0.05) decreased patterns compared with control. It was also found that LL and LH diet groups affects the intestinal length and transit time of rat as significantly (p<0.05) increased in length of intestine and decreased in transit time. In addition, LL and LH diet groups showed a dramatic decrease in triglyceride, total and LDL-cholesterol, and significant increase in HDL-cholesterol compared with control diet group, by which results in decreased in AI. These results indicate that crude laminaran from Eisenia bicyclis has a strong hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic activities in rat fed high fat and cholesterol diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.7
• /
• pp.860-865
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanol and citric acid-treated anchovy, caseino-phosphopeptides (CPPs), calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate as dietary calcium supplements on calcium metabolism in rats for 5 weeks. Experimental animals were randomly assigned to five treatments with 15 heads of SD male rats (mean body wt. of 100 g) in each group. The experimental diets were as follows; dried large anchovy powder (C) as control, ethanol+citric acid group (EC), ethanol+citric acid+cpps group (ECC), calcium lactate group (CL) and calcium phosphate group (CP), which were formulated with commercial semi-purified Chow diet, while maintaining the same level of calcium in all diets (1%) groups. The weight gain of EC group was significantly higher than ECC, CL and CP groups (p<0.05), food efficiency (FER) was not different. In vitro and in vivo calcium absorption rates of ECC group treated with citric acid and CPPs were 20.4 and 28.4%, respectively, and the highest among the experimental groups (p<0.05). The blood glucose levels of CL group (105.7 mg/dL) was significantly higher than control group (98.5 mg/dL). In terms of serum lipids, total-cholesterol concentration of EC group (75.1 mg/dL) was significantly higher than CP group (65.6 mg/dL) and triglyceride concentration of CP group (33.5 mg/dL) was the lowest (p<0.05). ALP activity and 057 level were not different among experimental groups. The serum calcium concentration of control group (C) was the lowest among groups (p<0.05). The femur weight of CP group was the lowest (p<0.05) and the femur length of ECC group is the longest (P<0.05). The bone density of CP group $(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$ was the lowest while ECC group $(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$ was the highest, and the bone density was increased by added CPPs. These data demonstrated that ECC group significantly increased in vitro and in vivo calcium absorption rate, serum Ca level, and the length and bone density of femur.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.1128-1133
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to examine antioxidative activity and lipid composition from different parts and supplement flesh and skin of Codonopsis lanceolata in vivo. Forty six-week-old white Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups and fed with experimental diet for six weeks to measure antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid composition in blood and liver microsome. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in blood was high in all groups supplemented with Condonopsis lanceolata and the difference was observed in accordance with the supplemented part rather than the supplemented level. However, glutathione reductase activity and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood showed difference depending on the level of supplementation rather than the supplemented part. The content of liver MDA in all groups supplemented with Condonopsis lanceolata was lower than that in the control group. As the level of skin supplementation increased, an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity was also observed. Only in the group that 5% of Condonopsis lanceolata skin was supplemented, the glutathione reductase activity was higher than in the control group. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of blood in the group supplemented with Condonopsis lanceolata flesh or skin were significantly lower than those in control group. HDL-cholesterol in blood was high when the flesh of Condonopsis lanceolata was supplemented. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver of the group supplemented with Condonopsis lanceolata flesh or skin were significantly lower than those in control group. In summary, this animal test showed that the supplementation of Condonopsis lanceolata, flesh or skin, generally improved the antioxidative effect of diet and lipid composition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.9
• /
• pp.1120-1127
• /
• 2007

This study was designed to examine the effects of n-6 PUFA rich corn oil, n-3 PUFA rich perilla oil and their conjugated double bond derivatives on serum lipids status in rats. Experimental diets containing lard (control), corn oil (CO), perilla oil (PO), conjugated double bond derivatives of n-6 PUFA rich corn oil (TCO) and n-3 PUFA rich perilla oil (TPO) at the level of 10% (w/w) were fed to male Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks. TCO was found to have three derivatives of linoleic acid and TPO had five derivatives of linolenic acid by GC. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in TCO and TPO groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were a little higher in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and TCO and TPO groups were not significantly different from CO and PO groups. Serum LDL, LDL-cholesterol, chylomicron and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, remarkably lower in TCO group and particularly, the lowest in the TPO group. Serum free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations were lower in TCO and TPO groups than in CO and PO groups. From the above research, TCO and TPO groups were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum and particularly, TPO group was the most effective on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of red ginseng product and combined exercise on the changes of blood lipids(total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and body composition (weight, % body fat) of obese women in their twenties. The experiments were performed with 21 women who had up to 30% body fat. They were randomly assigned into three groups [CON : control group (n=7), EXPI : red ginseng product group (n=7), EXP2 red ginseng product + exercise group (n=7)]. EXPI group and EXP2 group took red ginseng product for 12 weeks, and especially EXP2 group performed combined three-times-a-week exercise during the experiments period, too. The blood of each group was also sampled for three times (before experiments, after 8 weeks, after 12 weeks) to know the changes of blood lipid profile. Weight and %body fat were measured by body composition analyser. After 12 weeks, weight increased in CON group, but decreased in EXP1 and EXP2 group significantly. %body fat significantly decreased in EXP1 and EXP2 group, but not in CON group. When other two groups steadily increased in TC, EXP2 group constantly decreased, although there was no significant difference. After 12 weeks, while CON group and EXP2 group decreased within narrow limits in HDL-C, EXPI group was showing a rising tendency. But couldn't find any significant difference. Between the 8th and the 12th week, CON group and EXPI group were showing a rising tendency in LDL-C. But there was little change in EXP2 group. The results of ANOVA didn't show any significant difference. In TG, CON group and EXP2 group had little change. On the other hand, EXPI group steadily decreased. But there was no significant difference. In conclusion, with the 12-week experiments, weight and %body tat significantly decreased by red ginseng product and combined exercise which could derive profitable changes from blood lipids-especially total cholesterol, HDL-C, TG.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.760-768
• /
• 2008

The present study investigated the effect of Leuconostoc kimchii GJ2 (Leu. kimchii GJ2), an exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacterium isolated from kimchi, on serum and liver lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a normal diet group (ND), a high-cholesterol diet group (HCD), a high-cholesterol diet and 200 mg/kg Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered group (HCD-LKL), and a high-cholesterol diet and 400 mg/kg Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered group (HCD-LKH). No between-group differences were found in body weight gain, food intake, or food efficiency ratio. The serum GOT and ALP activities that were elevated by the high-cholesterol diet were significantly decreased after Leu. kimchii GJ2 administration. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was markedly increased in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered groups, whereas the serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were lower in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered animals. Liver levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were also markedly lower in the Leu. kimchii GJ2-administered groups. In addition, increased activities of HR-LPL and TE-LPL in adipose tissue, caused by the high-cholesterol diet, fell to normal after administration of Leu. kimchii GJ2, in a dose-dependant manner. These results suggest that Leu. kimchii GJ2 isolated from kimchi exerts an antiatherosclerotic effect by reducing serum and liver cholesterol levels.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.1687-1698
• /
• 2021

This study is to produce multiple layers of liposomes in a supercritical state and encapsulates active ingredients in order to stably encapsulate thermodynamically unstable active ingredients. In order to form a liposome in a supercritical state, a mixed surfactant development including vegetable-derived hydrogenated phosphatidyl choline and their delivative, hydrogenated sucrose distearate was synthesized as high purity. It describes a manufacturing method of injecting liquid carbon dioxide into a reactor to create a supercritical state and stirring to produce a giant liposome, and adding and loading genistein and quercetin. The HLB of the mixed lipid complex (SC-Lipid Complex) was 12.50, and multiple layers of liposome vesicles were formed even at very low concentrations. This surfactant had a specific odor with a pale yellow flake, the specific gravity was 0.972, and the acid value was 0.12, indicating that it was synthesized with high purity. As a result of the emulsifying capacity experiment using 20 wt% capric/capric triglyceride and triethylhexanoin using SC-Lipid Complex, it was found to have 96.2% emulsifying power. SC LIPOSOME GENISTEIN was confirmed that a multi-layer liposome vesicle was formed through a transmission electron microscope (Cryo-TEM) for the supercritical liposome encapsulated with genistein. The primary liposome particle size in which genistein was encapsulated was 253.9 nm, and the secondary capsule size was 18.2 ㎛. Using genistein as the standard substance, the encapsulation efficiency of supercritical liposomes was 99.5%, and general liposomes were found to have an efficiency of 93.6%. In addition, the antioxidant activity experiment in which quercetin was sealed was confirmed by the DPPH method, and it was found that the supercritical liposome significantly maintained excellent antioxidant activity. In this study, thermodynamically unstable raw materials were sealed into liposomes without organic solvents in a supercritical state. Based on these results, it is expected that it can be applied to various forms such as highly functional skincare cosmetics, makeup cosmetics, and scalp protection cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources (zinc oxide and Zn-methionine) on performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles, and digestive enzymes of the pancreas and small intestine in Korean native chicks (KNC). A total of 144 KNC (n=6) were fed a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with ZnO (ZNO), or a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZMT) for 28 days. There was no significant difference in body weight, gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the three groups. The relative weights of the liver, spleen, and intestinal mucosa were unaffected by the dietary source of Zn, whereas pancreas weight in the ZNO group decreased (P<0.05) compared with that in the CON and ZMT groups. Blood biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were unaffected by dietary Zn supplementation. Pancreatic trypsin activity in the ZNO and ZMT groups was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced compared with that in the CON group. However, the activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase and carboxypeptidase A were not altered by dietary Zn supplementation. The activities of maltase and sucrase were unchanged, whereas the activity of leucine aminopeptidase tended (P=0.08) to be increased by dietary Zn supplementation. In conclusion, the supplementation with 50 ppm of ZnO or Zn-methionine resulted in an activation of protein digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestine without affecting animal performance in KNC.